Yan'an defense war scenic spot

Yan'an defense war scenic spot

Yan'an defense war scenic spot is located in houbaliang, Zaoyuan village, Yan'an City. It is a unique red tourism classic performance scenic spot in China, which is specially invited by national famous director Chen Weiya with huge investment from Yan'an municipal Party committee and government. It is the first brand-new model of live ammunition in China, which shows the epic spectacle of the Yan'an defense war.

brief introduction

The battle of Yan'an began on March 13, 1947. In order to capture Yan'an and destroy the command center of the Communist Party of China, the Kuomintang assembled more than 250000 troops from 34 brigades in Northwest China. According to the situation of the enemy and ourselves, the Communist Party of China decided to lure the enemy to go deep first, give up Yan'an at the right time, create fighter planes in the mountains north of Yan'an, and gradually eliminate the effective forces of the Kuomintang army.

The scenic spot is located in the former site of Zaoyuan revolution in Baota District of Yan'an City, 500 places to the west, which is convenient for tourists to browse.

Every detail of the Yan'an battle is true and every scene is loyal to history. It is the first time in the country to create a new model of live ammunition, which represents the epic spectacle of that year. Known as "a revolution of red tourism".

The Yan'an defense war is a realistic art. In the real environment of Yan'an, it reproduces the historical picture of Yan'an army and people defending Yan'an in 1947 under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao.

detailed

In March 1947, Chiang Kai Shek changed his all-round attack on the liberated areas into a key attack. One of his key directions of attack was the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region, and Yan'an, the headquarters of the CPC Central Committee and the people's Liberation Army, was the first to bear the brunt. At that time, there were 230000 Kuomintang troops in the northwest battlefield, mainly the troops under the command of Hu zongnan, commander of the first war zone and Chiang Kai Shek's direct general. They were well-equipped and domineering. The Northwest Field Army of the people's Liberation Army has less than 30000 people, and is poorly equipped and difficult to supply. On March 13, Hu zongnan dispatched about 140000 people from Luochuan and Yichuan to Yan'an with 15 brigades of 6 reorganizing divisions of the 1st and 29th armies. Peng Dehuai, as vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and chief of the general staff of the CPC Central Committee, deployed the Yan'an defense war to cover the transfer of central organs and PLA headquarters. The training brigade, the third brigade and the first column of the Northwest Field Army built deep positions in Linzhen Town, jinpenwan, Niuwu and Chafang to the south of Yan'an, relying on favorable terrain to resist. Under the cover of nearly 100 planes and a large number of artillery, the Kuomintang troops bombed Yan'an wildly. Under extremely difficult circumstances, the northwest field army fought bravely and fought steadily.

On March 16, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CMC) issued an order that Peng Dehuai would be the commander of the northwest field corps and take on the task of directly commanding the northwest battlefield operations. On March 18, the Kuomintang troops had already arrived in Yan'an City. Until the evening, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Ren Bishi and other leaders of the CPC Central Committee and the people's Liberation Army left Yan'an. The battle of Yan'an lasted seven days and seven nights,

On March 19, Kuomintang troops occupied Yan'an. When Mao Zedong left, he said to Peng Dehuai, "Chiang Kai Shek's attack on Yan'an was to lift a stone and hit himself in the foot. One year at least, two years at most, and we will come back. ".

Causes of war

On February 28th, 1947, Chiang Kai Shek summoned Hu zongnan, his senior military and political officer in Northwest China, to Nanjing, and made specific plans to attack Yan'an. He wanted to capture Yan'an in order to realize his wish of "destroying the nerve center of the bandits' party, government and army, shaking their morale, disintegrating their fighting spirit, and weakening their international status". Chiang Kai Shek composed 250000 troops of 34 brigades in the northwest into three groups, namely, the south, the West and the north. With Ma Hongkui and Ma Bufang, who were the "Northwest leaders", and Deng Baoshan, who were the "headquarters of the Shanxi Shaanxi Suiyuan border region", he clamped down and cooperated in the West and North lines, and used Hu zongnan, the main force of the first war zone, to break through from the south line and seize Yan'an. His intention was to drive the CPC Central Committee and the PLA headquarters out of the northwest, to encircle and annihilate the PLA in Yan'an and its vicinity, or to force the PLA to cross the Yellow River eastward, to be annihilated by Hu zongnan and the Kuomintang troops to the east of the Yellow River. Eight months after the war of liberation, the Kuomintang's military front was extended, and the contradiction of insufficient troops became increasingly prominent. Since March 1947, he was forced to change from an all-round attack to a major attack on the two liberated areas of Shandong and Northern Shaanxi, in an attempt to break through the two wings strategically and then attack North China. On the battlefield of Northern Shaanxi, the Kuomintang army concentrated more than 250000 troops in 34 brigades, with 20 brigades in the south of Hu Zong, commander of the first war zone, from Luochuan and Yichuan to the north; 12 brigades in Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui, deputy director of Northwest Xingyuan, from Yinchuan, Tongxin and Zhenyuan to the East; and two brigades in the 22nd army of the headquarters of Shanxi Shaanxi Suiyuan border region, from Yulin to the south, in an attempt to besiege Yan'an and destroy the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The central authorities and the headquarters of the people's Liberation Army wiped out the troops of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia liberated area to the west of the Yellow River, or forced them to cross the Yellow River, and then, together with the North China Kuomintang army, wiped them out to the east of the Yellow River. At this time, the PLA had only four field brigades and three local brigades with more than 20000 people in Northern Shaanxi, and the equipment was poor. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China decided to make full use of the favorable terrain conditions and mass base in Northern Shaanxi to lure the enemy into depth and annihilate its effective forces. When necessary, they abandoned Yan'an and adopted "mushroom tactics" to contain Hu zongnan group's main force in the Northern Shaanxi battlefield. Based on this, with more than 5000 troops from the training brigade and the 7th regiment of the 3rd Brigade of the garrison, the movement defense was carried out in the areas of Zhenzhen, jinpenwan, Niuwu and Chafang to the south of Yan'an, with the cooperation of the independent regiment and the militia guerrillas of the division of Yan'an army, so as to block the enemy's attack; with the newly formed 4th Brigade and the 1st column of the Jinsui military region (under the jurisdiction of two brigades) stationed in the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region as the reserve forces, it was deployed in the county（ Now Fuxian county is in the southwest.

On the 16th, Hu Zong went south to Mazi street in Ganquan County and to jinpenwan. He changed his tactics and pushed forward cautiously. Peng Dehuai and Xi Zhongxun ordered the first column and the new fourth brigade to join the battle. The northwest field forces took advantage of the favorable terrain, carried out active defense, timely organized counterattack, and used darkness to attack flexibly to harass and delay the attack of the Kuomintang army. On the 18th, Hu zongnan Group advanced to the front line of Shilipu and yangjiapan, 10km south of Yan'an; Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui groups occupied Yanchi and Qingyang; and the 22nd army launched an attack on Hengshan. At this time, all organs and schools in Yan'an have been transferred safely, and the masses have been evacuated. That night, Mao Zedong, chairman of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, led the central organs and the PLA headquarters to leave Yan'an. After six days and nights of fierce fighting, the northwest field forces annihilated more than 5000 Kuomintang troops, completed the scheduled task, and also took the initiative to withdraw from Yan'an on the morning of the 19th. Since then, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Ren Bishi, Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, have continued to stay in Northern Shaanxi to command the national war of liberation.

In February 1947, Chiang Kai Shek flew to Xi'an and personally deployed to attack Yan'an. He decided to take the southern part of Hu Zong, the Kuomintang army, as the main force, and led 34 brigades, including Ma Hongkui, Ma Bufang and Deng Baoshan, with more than 250000 people and more than 100 planes, to carry out a key attack on the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region from the south, West and North. In the face of severe situation, in early March 1947, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study how to break the key attack of the Kuomintang army. Mao Zedong himself made a plan for the cooperation of external and internal lines to defend Yan'an. At the same time, they decided to give up Yan'an when necessary. On March 6, while informing the liberated areas of the military situation in Northern Shaanxi, Mao Zedong dispatched troops from outside the border area to the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border area. He ordered Wang Zhen to lead two brigades to cross the Yellow River from Jinsui to the West. At the same time, he dispatched the new 4th Brigade and 358th brigade guarding the southern line of the border area back to Yan'an from Chunhua and Heshui. On March 8, the government of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region held a meeting of 10000 people in Yan'an new market to mobilize people to defend the border region and Yan'an. On March 10, the troops to defend Yan'an were assembled, and Peng Dehuai personally went to the front line to deploy. At that time, the main force of the Shaan Gan Ning field group army was only six brigades, with less than 30000 troops. Compared with the enemy, there was a big gap. In the face of the critical situation, in order to cover the transfer of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and the masses, the central government decided to deploy its troops to the south of Yan'an and use the mobile defensive war to stop the enemy.

Give up Yan'an

On March 11, only seven hours after the withdrawal of the US military observation group in Yan'an, Kuomintang aircraft began to bomb Yan'an on a large scale. On March 13, the Kuomintang south line group formed two regiments under the command of Dong Zhao, commander of the first integrated army, and Liu Kan, commander of the 29th integrated army. They launched large-scale attacks on Yan'an from Yichuan and Luochuan. Kuomintang planes bombed Yan'an and nearby areas again. Hu zongnan, sitting in Luochuan, demanded to "occupy Yan'an in three days" and thoroughly solve the northwest problem. Since March 13, the Northwest Field Army groups and local armed forces, relying on their established positions, have made resolute and tenacious resistance against the invading enemy in the area south of Yan'an, which has won time to cover the transfer of central organs and the masses. In the early morning of March 12, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi and Ye Jianying led some central government officials to leave Yan'an. On the 14th, Yan'an Xinhua radio station stopped broadcasting and was replaced by a standby radio station in Wayaobao. On March 16, in order to unify the command of the border region forces, the Central Military Commission decided to organize all the field army groups in the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region into the northwest field corps, which has over 26000 people in six main brigades, and over 16000 people in the first police brigade, the third police brigade, the new 11th brigade and the sixth cavalry division of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region as local forces,

Chinese PinYin : Yan An Bao Wei Zhan Jing Qu