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In 1986, China's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued a set of "Chinese folk houses" stamps, which made the huge Chengqi building famous all over the world. Chengqi building, known as the king of Tulou, is four stories high, with four circles and 400 rooms up and down. It has experienced three hundred years of vicissitudes.

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Chengqilou, located in Gaobei village, Gaotou Township, Yongding District, Longyan City, Fujian Province, is 47 kilometers away from the county seat, covering an area of 5376.17 square meters.

It was built in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty.

Chengqi building has a huge scale, unique shape, antique, full of strong local flavor. "Four stories high, four circles of buildings, 400 rooms up and down; circle in circle, circle in circle, three hundred years of vicissitudes.". In 1986, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of China issued a set of stamps on "Chinese folk houses". Among them, the Fujian folk house with a face value of 1 yuan is a ring connected earth building, which is called Chengqi building, a castle, a family city. Stamps are "business cards of the country" and have far-reaching influence.

In 1981, it was included in the dictionary of Chinese scenic spots, known as the "king of Tulou";

In July 2008, Fujian Tulou, including Chengqi building, was listed in the world heritage list.

Historical evolution

Chengqi building was built by Jiangji (1635-1719), the 15th ancestor of gaotoujiang surname. The first year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1628) the ground was broken. It took 81 years to build in 1709.

During the construction of Chengqi building, when building and ramming the wall, the weather was ideal. Thank God for your help,

Local people also call it "tianzhulou".

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the descendants of Jiangji, the owner of the building, rebuilt it and renamed it "Chengqi building".

In 1981, chengqilou was included in the dictionary of Chinese scenic spots, known as the "king of Tulou".

Architectural pattern

structure

Chengqi building is located in Gaobei village, Gaotou Township, with four floors of the Fourth Ring Road and the outer ring road. The whole building is arranged according to the eight trigrams of the book of changes. Japanese architecture experts call it "the city of families.".

The diameter of Chengqi building is 73 meters, and the perimeter of corridor is 229.34 meters.

Four stairs, 400 rooms.

The main building of the Third Ring Road of the whole building is stacked, and a ancestral hall stands in the center.

The outer ring building is four stories high, and each floor is divided into 72 rooms by beam lifting wood frame inlaid with mud brick; the first and second floors have no windows on the outer walls, but only a small window on the inner wall to get light from the patio; the first floor is the kitchen, the second floor is the barn; the third and fourth floors are the bedrooms; each floor has a ring-shaped passage protruding from the inside, and four stairs, symmetrically distributed in four directions of the building.

The second ring building has two floors with 40 rooms on each floor. The third ring building is a single floor with 32 rooms. The center is ancestral hall. The third ring building is like three generals guarding the ancestral hall. This is the majesty of the earth building king, solemn and spectacular.

Outside the building is a stone gate. Behind the building is a 2-level stone retaining wall, 5 meters high. The retaining wall platform is a village road in east-west direction. The school is located in the northeast of the back of the building, about 20 meters away from the outer ring of the building. It is two stories high, rectangular, civil structure, covering an area of about 300 square meters.

The building is the largest Hakka round earth building with the largest number of rings and scale. At its peak, more than 800 people lived in it, and now more than 300 people still live in it.

characteristic

layout

Chengqi building is arranged according to the eight trigrams in the book of changes. The outer ring, the second ring and the third ring are divided into eight trigrams. The dividing line between the outer ring hexagram and the hexagram is the most obvious. The inner corridor on the ground floor is separated by the blue brick wall with an arched door, which is exquisite and antique.

 

Outer ring

The outer ring building of Chengqi building can best reflect the structural characteristics of the circular earth building. Combined with the local geographical conditions, the builders creatively use the traditional wood structure technology of Chinese architecture, and form the unique architectural form of earth building.

 

Out of eaves

The eaves on the roof surface of Chengqi building is also different from traditional dwellings. The eaves on the outer wall of huanwailou is about two meters away, which can ensure that the wall is not eroded by rain. The outer ring building is covered with waist eaves on the inner corridor. The function of waist eaves is the same as that of outer wall eaves, which plays the role of protecting wood members.

 

Beam column and window lattice

The basic style of the beam column structure of Chengqi building is the common walking frame structure in traditional dwellings, but there are some innovations on the basis of the walking frame structure. The inner corridor of the outer ring building adopts the column structure of non landing cantilevered, the cantilevered column of the inner corridor is connected with the purlin at the cornice, the cantilevered column is combined with the middle and lower beams of the guardrail, and forms a solid frame system with the rear walking frame structure. The purlin, which is close to the outer ring column, is supported on the thick mud wall. This structure of Chengqi building reflects the construction wisdom of the people in southwest Fujian.

The most distinctive window lattice of Chengqi building is reflected in the wooden vertical lattice window of the kitchen on the first floor of the outer ring building (the kitchen here refers to the kitchen before the change of use). The kitchen window adopts the wooden vertical lattice window, which has no window sash. The wooden vertical lattice window ensures the good ventilation and lighting of the room. The lower space of the mullion window is used as a cupboard, forming a combination with function.

 

floor covering

Most of the roadways in each ring of Chengqi building are paved with cobbles. 2、 The passage between the houses in the third and fourth ring roads and the lanes in each ring road form a T-shaped laying pattern. The horizontal direction of the T-shaped road is the lane. The T-shaped longitudinal road is divided into three parts: the left, the middle and the right. The middle road is slightly wider and is inlaid with relatively small pebbles to form the dividing line of the road. At the junction of the lane and each ring, there are strip stone edge. The second, third and fourth ring roads of Chengqi building gradually rise from the outer ring road to the inner ring road with the terrain, and the ground pavement of each ring road is also slightly higher in the middle. Therefore, this kind of pavement combined with the characteristics of local precipitation is conducive to the drainage and infiltration of rainwater, so as to avoid water accumulation in the building.

Outside the building is a stone gate. Behind the building is a 2-level stone retaining wall, 5 meters high. The retaining wall platform is a village road in east-west direction. The school is located in the northeast of the back of the building, about 20 meters away from the outer ring of the building. It is two stories high, rectangular, civil structure, covering an area of about 300 square meters.

 

decorate

The decoration of the facade of the outer ring building of Chengqi building fully reflects the simple and natural aesthetics of the people in southwest Fujian, thus forming a typical external decoration characteristics of earth buildings.

Wall body

The main wall body of the outer ring building of Chengqi building is made of the deep soil from the local surface as the building material. The plate wall technology is used to build a solid and wide wall. After the baptism of time, the appearance of the existing Chengqi building shows the traces of construction at that time, the texture and subtle cracks of the plate wall building, showing the simple image of integrating into the nature.

 

footing of wall

The lower part of the plate wall is a solid wall base made of large pebbles. The pebble wall base protects the plate wall from rain, and shows the contrast between square and round texture in visual effect, which is a natural and simple beauty.

 

Framed wall

The main entrance gate and facade of Chengqi building have typical decorative characteristics of earth building. The gate and its surrounding decoration are composed of two levels. The first level is the huge external soft pericardial frame wall. The soft pericardial frame wall is about three stories high and three bays wide. The first level of the soft pericardial frame wall is made of flat bricks and the color is dark red; The dark red brick wall is a rectangular white wall with light collection. The upper two corners of the rectangular white wall are decorated with mutually symmetrical curling grass patterns. The vertical size of curling grass patterns accounts for more than one third of the longitudinal long side of the white wall, which is close to the golden ratio. The upper part of the pink white rectangular wall is made of dark red nesting, and the nesting is yellow. The black words of the building name "Chengqi building" are written from right to left. The center of the lower part of the pink wall is the main entrance gate to the Chengqi building.

 

Door pocket

The door pocket of the gate is made of thick strip stone, and has two layers of grading treatment. The grading of the outer layer is rectangular, and the upper part of the inner layer is semicircular. Its form has a simple and powerful aesthetic feeling. Couplets are written on the left and right sides of the stone door pocket of the gate. On the right side, it is written "inherit the ancestors' virtue, diligence and Thrift", and on the left side, it is written "Qi Hou Sun Mou read Yu Geng". The window openings on the exterior form of Chengqi building are mainly concentrated on the third and fourth floors of the outer ring building. The window openings are arranged in a simple repetitive form. The outer frame of the window openings has white light receiving edges, and each window opening corresponds to a room. The overall form of the window openings reflects the inherent characteristics of the structure and form of the earth building, forming a natural decorative effect, and transmitting the composition rules of regional architecture and a kind of architectural style A close sense of rhythm.

The appearance of Chengqi building is rich, and the connotation of the combination of nature and humanity expressed in the decoration shows a kind of rough and fine artistic effect combined with the natural environment.

 

site selection

Chengqi building is located in Guanyin Mountain

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Qi Lou