Guanghua temple in Nanshan

Nanshan Guanghua is located at the foot of Fenghuang mountain, three kilometers south of Putian City. Guanghua temple was founded in the second year of Chen Yongding in the Southern Dynasty. It was originally a lecture Center for the three brothers of Zheng Lu, a famous local scholar. Later, it was offered to Zen master Jinxian, named Jinxian temple. There are many cultural relics in the temple. On the east side of the temple is the Sakyamuni Buddha pagoda, which was built in the first year of Qiandao in Song Dynasty. The pagoda is about 36 meters high. It is a five story octagonal wooden pavilion like building built of stone. It is a cultural relic protection unit in Fujian Province. The two stone Scripture buildings in front of Tianwang hall were built in 1065, the second year of Zhiping of Song Dynasty. They are octagonal in five layers. One of them has no inscription, and the other is engraved with the mantra of Buddha's Canon and the name of the donor. They are valuable material for studying the relationship between Sanskrit Chinese translation and Putian dialect.

Guanghua temple in Nanshan

Nanshan Guanghua temple, also known as Putian Guanghua temple, is located at the foot of Fenghuang mountain, three kilometers south of Putian City, Fujian Province. In 1983, Guanghua temple in Putian was designated by the State Council as the national key Buddhist temple in the Han nationality area. In 1990, Guanghua temple in Putian was listed as the top of three national model temples by China Buddhist Association.

Guanghua temple in Nanshan was founded in 558, the second year of Chen Yongding in the Southern Dynasty. It was originally the lecture place of three brothers of Zheng Lu, a famous local scholar (known as "Mr. Nanhu San"), and later presented it to Zen master Jinxian (founder of the mountain), named Jinxian temple. In the ninth year of kaihuang (589) of Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Jinxian temple after the fundraising and construction of Wuji Zen master from Tiantai Mountain.

In 1983, Nanshan Guanghua temple was designated by the State Council as a national key Buddhist temple in the Han nationality area.

Brief introduction to temples

Nanshan Guanghua Temple (Fujian Guanghua temple, Putian Guanghua Temple) is located at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain (also known as Nanshan) three kilometers south of Putian City, Fujian Province. It was founded in 558, the second year of Chen Yongding in the Southern Dynasty. Guanghua temple is a famous ancient temple with a history of one thousand years. Together with Gushan Temple in Fuzhou, Nanputuo temple in Xiamen and Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, Guanghua temple is known as the four largest jungles in Fujian. In 1983, it was designated by the State Council as a national key Buddhist temple in the Han nationality area.

Honorary title

Guanghua temple in Nanshan is one of the top ten scenic spots in Fujian Province in 1986. In 1990, Guanghua temple was listed as the top of three national model temples by China Buddhist Association.

Guanghua temple covers an area of more than 32000 square meters, with a construction area of 17000 square meters. The central axis is 385 meters long, with a total length of 385 meters, including Zhaobi, Paifang, Shanmen, fangshengchi, Tianwang Hall (Maitreya Hall), Daxiong hall, Fatang Hall (the upper is the Sutra Pavilion), WOFO Hall (the lower is the ancestral hall), etc. Among them, Sakyamuni pagoda, forged bell and 500 arhat hall are known as the "three treasures" of Guanghua temple.

Guanghua temple in Nanshan, built on a 2.7-meter-high platform, is 22 meters high and covers an area of 837 square meters. It is majestic and solemn. It is the most famous temple in Fujian.

In the history of Guanghua temple in Nanshan, it has been well-known both at home and abroad. The temple now has Fujian Buddhist College.

The origin of temples

In the middle of the 6th century, China belonged to two separate empires. Zheng Lu's three brothers came to Nanshan from Yongtai and built a house by the lake at the foot of the mountain to guard the tomb of Zheng Jiazu. Zheng Lu's three brothers were originally Confucian scholars, so it was their duty to recite poetry and read books. The sound of "Mr. Nanhu three" broke through the ancient silent sky and ended the wild age of Puyang. The sound of Nanshan calligraphy not only ended an era, but also created another era, which was the glorious era of "ten rooms and nine books hall, Longmen half the world" that belonged to Putian people.

One night in the autumn of 558, the bright moon and the sea and the sky were in the same color, and the pines and the tides were symphonic. Zheng Lu had a strange dream in the Hushan library. He dreamt of the God Man - the golden immortal of the West. Jin Xian, who is more than Zhang tall, has crane hair and hemp clothes. He is compassionate. He implores him to give up the Shutang as a Buddhist temple in order to measure all living beings. After waking up from his dream, Zheng Lu fulfilled his promise and offered the Shutang as the golden fairy house, which changed the place where Confucianism preached and became the door for the Buddhism.

Related allusions

To unravel the Jinxian identity in Zheng Lu's dream, we need to investigate another dream that happened 500 years ago, which is an emperor's dream. In 65 A.D., Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty "dreamed that God and man, with sunlight, flew in front of the temple and happily enjoyed it.". The next day, the master Bo Yi told the emperor that the god man was the Buddha.

Therefore, the golden immortal in Zheng Lu's dream is the Buddha, with sunlight and glittering. The emperor's dream of the Han and Ming Dynasties made Luoyang, Kyoto, own the first temple of Han Buddhism, Baima temple; the scholar's dream of Zheng Lu made Nanshan own the first temple in Putian, which was also the first important temple in Fujian south of Putian at that time. The distance between the two dreams is basically the time difference between the spread of Buddhism from Luoyang to Putian.

Although the founder of Jinxian academy is not Jinxian himself, he is of course a disciple of Jinxian. This great monk, who lost his name in the examination of Buddhism, brought a profound Buddhism culture, and did the ideological work of Zheng Lu, a Confucian, to establish a cultural base for spreading Buddhism in Nanshan. Since then, Nanshan has become not only the Confucian culture in Puyang, but also the context of the Buddhist culture in Puyang.

At that time, Putian was not yet Chenghai, Nanshan and Hugong across the sea. Nanshan Mountain is deep and beautiful. It is like a phoenix flying on the vast expanse of blue waves, so it is also called Fenghuang mountain. On the mountain, the stone is thin, the forest is deep, the spring is urgent, and the stream is cold.

Jinxianyuan is located in the beautiful land of Nanshan. It soon became the spiritual home of Puyang believers. In 589, Jinxian temple was upgraded to Jinxian temple with the approval of the imperial court. The seven halls of Jialan temple are complete and grand in scale. On the left side of the temple, there are winding cold streams, flowing water and flying pearls; on the right side of the temple, there are many dangerous rocks, pine waves and banyan trees.

Since then, Jinxian temple, after more than 100 years of tempering, has finally become a temple with national influence. Buddhism is the education of Buddhism, and temples are the important places of education. In the final analysis, the reason why temples have national influence is that there are national influential masters in temples. In the second year of Tang Jingyun (711), the lawyer of the law school in Jinxian temple, who was one of the eight major schools of Mahayana Buddhism in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, could only be called a lawyer if he was a monk with profound knowledge of law and good at explaining the precepts.

Folklore

Tang Ruizong and Li Dan were deeply satisfied after listening to this barrister's lecture, and gave Zhiyan the title of "smart". Zhiyan said that he was smart and naturally had the ability to show himself randomly. In a harmonious atmosphere, he talked to the emperor about the history of Jinxian temple. He mentioned that in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was a boundless monk of Tiantai Sect in Jinxian temple. He sat on a stone outside the temple every day to chant the Lotus Sutra, which moved the stubborn stone gushing out of the spring. After the boundless monk passed away, the spring became clearer and clearer.

Li Dan then changed the name of Jinxian temple to Lingyan temple. Later, Liu Gongquan inscribed a plaque on the temple. Most of the later literati thought that Liu Gongquan was inscribed "Fengchi". The sages were not lack of knowledge, they just took it for granted. Liu Gongquan was born in 778 A.D., which is more than half a century different from the name of the temple changed by Emperor Ruizong of Tang Dynasty. There are several emperors in the middle, so the word Fengchi is not credible.

Liu Gongquan inscribed two temple plaques for Putian, and the other is "Kongji Temple" (missing examination). Zheng Qiao's "Jinshi Lue" recorded: "Liu Gongquan wrote about Lingyan temple and Kongji temple, and the title is Xinghua army." In fact, Liu Gongquan's inscription on Lingyan temple is not so much a royal edict as a trustee. The biggest possibility is to be entrusted by Lin Zao.

At the same time as Liu Gongquan, there were three and a half Putian officials: Lin Zao, Lin Yun, Xu Ji, and Ouyang Zhan, Putian's son-in-law. Among them, Lin Zao was the only well-known calligrapher at that time. He was a sincere admirer of Yan Zhenqing. Shen Wei tie was handed down to the world and included in Xuan he Shu Pu by song Huizong.

Like Lin Zao, Liu Gongquan was greatly influenced by Yan Zhenqing and formed a unique willow body. Later, he was known as "Yan Jin Liu Gu" and "Yan Liu". Secondly, both Lin Zao and Liu Gongquan adore Buddhism, and Lin Zao's running script is derived from Wang Xizhi's Seventh Sun monk Zhiyong.

Liu Gongquan, on the other hand, handed down the stele of Jingang and xuanmi pagoda. Finally, and most importantly, during the Dali Period of the Tang Dynasty (766-780), Lin Zao, Lin Yun and Ouyang Zhan studied hard for 10 years at the Lingyan temple, built the Lingyan house, and formed an indissoluble bond with Lingyan temple.

Inscribed plaque in the temple

Later, Lin Zao and the other three joined hands in Beijing to take the exam, and they all gained fame. In the fourth year of Zhenyuan (788), Lin Yunming became the first Jinshi in Quanzhou. In the seventh year of Zhenyuan, Lin Zao became the second Jinshi in Quanzhou. But Lin Yun worked in the local government for a long time, Ouyang Zhan died early, and Lin Zao was a capital official for a long time before he was released to the local government. He moved to the palace to serve the censor. Therefore, only Lin Zao is most likely to ask Liu Gongquan to inscribe a plaque for Lingyan temple.

The author tries to explore the hidden, but hopes that the merits of the sages will not be obliterated by history. Of course, this conjecture is only a possibility. It may praise Lin Zao, or aggrieve some sage or great virtue who really asked for Liu Gongquan's plaque for Lingyan temple. However, it is not selfishness, but limited reading.

During the Dali period, the sound of books written by Lin Zao and others in Lingyan jingshe is not only a unique echo of Hushan academy more than 200 years ago

Chinese PinYin : Nan Shan Guang Hua Si