Pangtong ancestral temple

Pangtong ancestral temple

Pangtong ancestral temple is the place to bury and commemorate pangtong, Liu Bei's military adviser during the Three Kingdoms period. It is located at baimaguan, lutoushan, Luojiang County, Deyang City, 5 kilometers east of the county. Pang Tong, a native of Xiangyang (now Xiangyang City, Hubei Province), is a scholar of Yuan Dynasty. He was born in the first year of Guanghe (178). At that time, Pang Tong was as famous as Zhuge Liang, and there was a word of mouth that "Wolong, fengxiao, one person can make the world safe". In the summer of 214, the 18th year of Jian'an, Pang Tong followed Liu Bei to attack Luo County (today's Guanghan City). Pang Tong led the people to attack the city. He was shot to death by the soldiers guarding the city. He was 36 years old. Liu Bei was very sorry and buried Pang tonghou here. In 2006, pangtong's ancestral temple became a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Geography

Pangtong ancestral temple is located five kilometers west of Luojiang county. It is the last pass from Qin Dynasty to Shu capital in ancient times. It is a bright pearl on the tourism line of the Three Kingdoms. "Yizhou opens thousands of miles of fertile fields to the south, Qinling Mountains to the north, Tongchuan to the East, and Minshan to the West.".

The ancestral temple was built by Liu Bei, Emperor zhaolie of Shu Han Dynasty, after Pang Tong's death in 214 A.D. Three into four in layout, stone wood structure (stone wall, stone pillar, stone man, stone pillar Gallery, stone window), simple and honest, solemn. The gate, the second division Hall of dragon and Phoenix, the Qifeng hall and pangtong mausoleum are arranged in turn. There are a large number of precious cultural relics in the temple, such as sculptures of Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang, plaques and couplets, inscriptions, calligraphy and paintings, etc. Pangtong's ancestral temple is also called "luofengpo", which is also called "Baima Temple" locally. The name of Baima Town, where pangtong is located, also gets its name from this temple. Because pangtong was as famous as Zhuge Liang in that year, Zhuge Liang was called "Wolong", pangtong was called "fengxiao". At that time, both of them had worked for Liu Bei.

Wang Pingfan was in chaos in Shu, and his tombs and ancestral temples were destroyed. It was restored in 1691, the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. The existing gate, main hall, pavilions on both sides, Qifeng hall, and pangtong tomb temple are outside the temple. There are thousands of pines and cypresses around the tomb, which are lush and picturesque. There are two big cypresses in the courtyard of the temple. It is said that they were planted by Zhang Fei. The front door and the side door are all engraved with couplets and plaques, one of which says: "knowing that Luofeng was the emperor, I would like Wolong to be an old minister." On the stone wall behind the main hall, there is a biography of Pang Jinghou written by Chen Shou of Jin Dynasty. Two horse pavilions are built on both sides, one is white horse pavilions, the other is Rouzhi pavilions. The two pavilions symbolize the exchange of horses between Liu Bei and Pang Tong.

The ancient cypresses around the ancestral temple are towering, lush and self-contained, like a huge emerald inlaid on the ancient Shu Road. Beside the ancestral temple, there are ancient post roads with deep ruts and full of moss, the loyal generals of Zhuge Zhan, the eldest son of Zhuge Liang, and Deng AI, the Wei army, as well as the grotesque stone gullies and karst caves and springs, which can be regarded as one of the unique relics of the Shu Han Dynasty. It is a good place for nostalgia, sightseeing, entertainment and summer vacation.

On May 25, 2006, pangtong's ancestral tomb, as an ancient building of the Qing Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical reasons

The origin of tombs

Pang Tong ancestral hall and tomb, formerly known as Han Jinghou ancestral hall, are recorded in historical materials: "in the postscript of Qin Shu Yi Cheng, there is the Pang Jing ancestral hall of Zhuge Gong, the temple of the second master of dragon and Phoenix in Han Dynasty, and the monument of ancient luofengpo, now known as baimaguan.".

In 208, the 13th year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, with less than 50000 troops, sun Liu united forces defeated hundreds of thousands of Cao troops in Chibi (now the east of Jiayu County in Hubei Province), and Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou. After the battle of Chibi, Pang Tong knew that Liu Bei couldn't succeed here, so he persuaded Liu Bei to expand westward and seize Yizhou as the foundation of his country. In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Pang Tong entered Shu with Liu Bei and presided over military affairs. At the beginning of entering Shu, Liu Bei and Liu Zhang, the herdsman of Yizhou, fought openly and secretly. Pang Tong tried his best to help Liu Bei with his strategy. Liu Bei was once asked to make three strategies, the upper, the middle and the lower. In 213, when Liu Bei attacked Liu Zhang, "when he attacked Luocheng, Pang Tong led others to attack the city. He was hit by liuya and died at the age of 36" (Biography of Pang Tong in Shu annals of the Three Kingdoms). Liu Bei lamented that after he became emperor of Chengdu, he granted pangtong the title of "Marquis of Guannei" and his posthumous title of "Jing", so he called it "Marquis of Jing". He also built a temple to offer sacrifices at the place where pangtong was buried.

Pang Tong's deeds are respected by later generations. Since Liu Bei built pangtong's ancestral temple, pangtong's ancestral tomb has been abandoned several times. The existing ancestral tombs were rebuilt on the basis of the original ancestral tombs destroyed by Wang Pingfan in 1682 in 1708. Since ancient times, many military strategists, politicians and scholars have come here to pay homage to their loyalists and left their impressionistic poems. The poem "passing Pang Shiyuan's tomb" written by Lu You, a poet of Southern Song Dynasty, has "Shi Yuan died for thousands of years When my father was old, he thought The chant of love.

The ancient cypresses set off around pangtong's ancestral temple are tall and strong, green and lush. It is said that Zhang Fei himself planted them. From afar, the ancient Berlin looks like green clouds, and its momentum is spectacular; from a close look, the branches and leaves are covered with frost and rain, and its dark color is towering. According to the survey, there are two ancient cypresses in the temple, which are more than 1700 years ago.

In 1951, the people's Government of Luojiang County repaired pangtong's ancestral tomb and listed it as a cultural relic for protection. In 1979, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit at the county level; in 1980, it was approved as a cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level by the people's Government of Sichuan Province; in 1992, it successively built a stone wall, built a "fengxiao stele corridor" inscribed by a famous calligrapher, and added a south gate. It is also listed as an important stop on the Three Kingdoms trail tourism line from Guangyuan to Chengdu.

The annual pangtong temple fair is said to be a traditional folk sacrificial activity to commemorate pangtong's birthday (the 26th day of the first lunar month). Up to now, it has become a multi-functional grand gathering for people's nostalgia, cultural entertainment, tourism and material exchange. When the spring is beautiful, visitors are full of interest, either walking on the ancient post road, or climbing high, or wandering under the shade of ancient cypresses, or wandering in pangtong temple.

Related allusions of tomb side

Luofengpo ancient post road passes by the ancestral temple. It is all made of stone slabs, mottled with ruts and covered with moss. It is an ancient road from Qin to Shu, about 4.7 km in Luojiang county.

Pang Tong's blood tomb is located at the ancient post road 3 km north of Pang Tong's ancestral temple. The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes that Pang Tong was killed by an arrow on this slope on the way to Luocheng. Later generations renamed it luofengpo. Pang Tong's blood clothes were collected and buried on the spot, and a "blood tomb" was built. Besides, three characters of "luofengpo" were inscribed on the post road to show the sign.

Zhang Fei's dianjiangtai is located in the west of pangtong's ancestral temple. It's a natural stone platform. It's said that the dianjiangtai was built by Zhang Fei missing pangtong and chasing stones with mountain whip in his night dream. In fact, he was the eldest son of Zhuge Liang. Standing on the platform of Dianjiang, you can have a panoramic view of the mountains and waters within a radius of tens of miles.

internal structure

The main structure of pangtong's ancestral temple is divided into four parts: Hall of entrance, second division hall, Qifeng hall and tomb. The whole building style is elegant, simple and solemn. Around the ancestral temple, there are hundreds of green ancient cypresses, towering to block out the sun and lush. If it's quiet, it's silent; if it's moving, it's Lin Tao's whistling. From a distance, it looks like a castle of black color; from a close view, it looks like a towering green screen; from a side view, it looks like a square array of soldiers. It's a wonder.

There are two thousand year old cypresses in front of the second division hall. It is said that they were planted by Zhang Fei to mourn Pang Tong, so they are called Zhang feibai. Their crowns are dragon shaped on the left and Phoenix shaped on the right. The second division hall is a hall dedicated to Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang. The background of the statue reproduces the war scenes in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Behind the second division hall is the Qifeng hall. The statue of Pang Tong standing on the side and on the front shows Pang Tu yuan's resourceful and resolute manner.

Stepping out of the ear doors on both sides of the back wall of Qifeng hall, Pang Tong's cemetery appears in front of you. The top of the tomb is carved with stone, and the octagonal phoenix tail is pressed down; the body of the tomb is a solid stone hoop cylinder, which is like a huge general helmet. The appearance of Pang Tong's tomb is very consistent with his identity, which is a unique one among the famous ancient tombs. It is said that visitors to pingdiao will touch the corner eaves of the stone carvings on the top of the tomb for three times, then touch their own head and circle the tomb for three times, so as to avoid disasters and diseases, and make vows.

Master of ancestral temple

Pang Tong, counselor of Liu Bei. The word Shi Yuan, Xiangyang (now Xiangyang, Hubei Province) people. Mr. Feng Xiao is as famous as Zhuge Liang. Pang Tong was a talented person who could be met but not sought in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the early Three Kingdoms. Pang Tong was highly elegant and was called "the crown of Nanzhou scholars" by Sima Hui. He is good friends with Sima Hui, Zhuge Liang, Cui Zhouping, Shi Guangyuan, Meng Gongwei and Xu Shu. Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang are outstanding talents among these friends. The world said: "Fu Long, Feng Xiao, two people get one, can settle the world.". When Liu Bei led Jingzhou, he served as the magistrate of Leiyang county and ignored the county affairs. Later, he was recommended by Zhuge Liang and Lu Su again and again and was appointed by Liu Bei as Zhonglang General of the Deputy military division. In the 19th year of Jian'an (A.D. 214), when Liu Bei was in the middle of Sichuan, he was hit by liuya when he led the army to attack Luocheng. He died at the age of 36. (in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is made up that Liu Zhang's famous general Zhang Ren killed luofengpo in Huixian county (now Guanghan north, Sichuan Province) by ambush and random arrow shooting, which has the suspicion of belittling Pang Tong.) After Pang Tong died in the war, he became the Marquis of Guannei. Later generations wrote poems about Pang Tong's death

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