Quxian Confucian Temple

Confucious'Temple

synonym

Quxian Confucian temple generally refers to Confucian Temple (Quxian Confucian temple, Sichuan Province)

Confucian temple, located in Quxian County, Dazhou City, Sichuan Province, was announced as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council in 2013. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Confucian temple was built several times and opened up as the people's Cultural Palace in Quxian County, which is a place for people to watch, rest, entertainment and carry out various cultural activities.

Historical evolution

Quxian, an ancient state of Cong, was established in Qin Dynasty. In 1376 (the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), it was renamed Qu county. Over the years, the style of writing is very prosperous, and Confucius is highly respected.

Quxian Confucian temple was built before Jiading of Song Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1297-1307 (Dade period of Yuan Dynasty). In 1368-1398 (Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty), the Marquis Liang Congyi moved to the west side of the county. In 1621 (the first year of Ming Dynasty), the Marquis's residence Juzheng moved the Confucian temple back to its original site in the southern suburbs. In 1643 (the 16th year of Ming Dynasty), the Marquis Liang Congyi moved to the west side of the county On the ninth day of September, the Confucian temple was burned by the peasant uprising.

Related allusions

"Qu county annals" states: "at the turn of Guiwei's heavy pill," thieves "entered from the battlements destroyed in the West City, and the Academy burned." Twenty years later, it was rebuilt in 1663 (the second year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty). Kangyong, Qianlong and Jiaqing were also repaired one after another. The later Confucian temple was rebuilt in 1820 (the 25th year of Jiaqing). The whole project was completed in the autumn of 1821 (the first year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty). It took 158 years for the Emperor Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing to complete.

Cultural relics protection

In May 2013, Quxian Confucian temple, as an ancient architectural complex of Qing Dynasty, was listed in the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In accordance with relevant regulations, the cultural relics department of the county is conscientiously doing a good job in the planning, protection and maintenance, publicity and display, safety protection and other work of the Confucian temple.

Architectural features

The Confucian temple is magnificent, ingenious and unique in design, exquisite in construction technology, rich in cultural atmosphere, rigorous and orderly in layout, and basically well preserved. It can be called one of the best in Bashu.

The gate of the Confucian temple is magnificent, and the wall is bright red. It is said that the four gold-plated regular script characters of "palace wall Wanren" in the north are hand written by Emperor Kangxi. On both sides of the palace wall, there are plaques hanging on the gates, with "holy land" on the left and "Xian Guan" on the right, which means that sages can reach.

Four treasures of study, flowers, birds, insects and fish, auspicious clouds and monsters are carved on the bridge guardrail. Both ends of the bridge are carved dragons. Only the number one scholar can cross the bridge when he returns to his hometown. It means that he is the best in the world. On both sides of the second bridge, only successful scholars are qualified to pass through it, which is called "You Pan", and a certain ceremony must be held, that is, the so-called "Pan Shui Sheng Xiang".

Layout structure

After panchi, it is the "Lingxing gate" archway made of green sand and fine stones, which is tall and magnificent, and exquisite. The relief patterns on the archway, such as "two dragons playing with pearls", "two phoenix rising sun", "crane auspicious clouds", "five bats returning to the truth", "Qilin sending books" and "fish jumping over the dragon's gate", are all exquisitely carved from high-quality stone, and are known as the first archway in Bashu. The "Baozhu mountain" built by skillful craftsmen, the seven small octagonal pavilions and the rippling river like a jade belt give you a panoramic view, which makes you feel relaxed and happy.

Activity Center

Later, the Confucian temple, maintained by the local government, not only maintained its simple and elegant style, but also became the center of all kinds of cultural and entertainment activities for the people of the county.

Walking into the Confucian temple, the most eye-catching is the magnificent Zhu Hongyong wall. On both sides of the front and back are gold-plated characters "palace wall Wanren", and on the front are four characters, which are said to be written by Emperor Kangxi. The palace wall was built in 1794 (the 59th year of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty). The word "palace wall Wanren" comes from the Analects of Confucius, which says "the wall of Confucius is several Ren; you can't enter it without the beauty of the ancestral temple..." In ancient times, people took seven or eight feet as one Ren, and "ten thousand Ren" means high. On the left side of the gate on both sides of the palace wall is the word "holy land". On the right side is the word "Xian Guan", which is the place where the sages are located. In front of the gate is a stone well, there was a stone tablet carved with the running script "civil and military officials dismount here".

The scale

After entering the gate is the pan pool, which is half moon shaped. There are three bridges and nine holes on the pool, and the scales on the downstream of the bridge are splashing with water, with green waves. Qiaotou in the middle is a carved dragon. In feudal society, only the number one scholar returned to his hometown in rich clothes, which is a special honor of "taking the lead". It's the two bridges on both sides, and only those who have gained "fame" can make a trip. It's called "You Pan", and there is a certain ceremony, that is, the so-called "Pan Shui Sheng Xiang". Panchi was built in 1783 (48th year of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty).

After panchi, there are three couplets on the side of the green sandstone "lingxingmen archway", which are tall and magnificent, and exquisite. The memorial archway was built in 1794 (the 59th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty). The stone materials are collected from xiaoshanxia of Sanjiang in Quxian county and transported by big ships from Qujiang River. At that time, there were no large lifting appliances, which seemed to be erected by the "base earth method"; the stone strips were all made of mortise and tenon, and the ink method was accurate. Although they had been exposed to the sun and rain for nearly two hundred years, they are basically in good condition and have no walking ability. At the top of the archway are six flat dragons, head high, eager to enter the clouds, lifelike, carved in the middle of the "Lingxing gate" three words. The stone carvings of the memorial archway are all hollow out carvings, which have a strong three-dimensional sense, such as "two dragons playing with pearls", "two phoenixes rising in the morning", "crane passing through the clouds", "five bats returning to the truth", "Qilin sending books", "fish Leaping over the dragon's gate" and other patterns. They are lively, dignified and harmonious, and were once known as "the head of memorial archway in Sichuan". According to Qu county annals, "the selected stones of Lingxing gate are beautiful and huge, and the carvings are exquisite There is nothing in it. In 1926 (the 15th year of the Republic of China), Oriental Magazine of the Commercial Press published a special article and pictures to introduce it.

look south

The building community of Confucian temple is in the shape of a ladder. The project is huge. The wing rooms, pavilions and pavilions are integrated. Facing south, it is resplendent and magnificent. The main building of Confucian temple is Dacheng hall, which is high and solemn. On the top of the ridge are two wolongs fired in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. The top of the hall is covered with pure golden glazed tiles. The hall is dedicated to the master of Confucius in the Central Plains. On the master there is a relief of Nine Dragons holding saints. In the middle of the hall, "the throne of Confucius, the supreme sage of Dacheng" is written in red ink on a gold background. Under the eight trigrams caisson, there is a flat forehead of "Wanshi Shibiao". On the East and west sides, there are also tablets of "Si Pei" and "Yan Shizhe".

Under the carved stone platform of Dacheng hall, there are two ancestral halls, the East and the west, dedicated to 79 so-called "sages" and 75 "Confucians". The East and the West were originally covered with green glazed tiles, with four treasures of the study and auspicious clouds and monsters on the walls. The wood carvings wear flowers, and the windows and doors are elegant and solemn. The next few stone steps are halberd gate, with 24 halberds (ancient weapons), which make people hold their breath and send a dignified momentum. There are four ancestral halls under the gate: the so-called famous official ancestral hall where "the king is the Tao and the common people are worshipped", the Xiangxian ancestral hall where "the dignified are worshipped", the Zhaozhong ancestral hall where "the loyal and righteous are worshipped", and the Jiexiao ancestral hall where "the chaste daughter and the filial son are worshipped", all of which are dedicated to the representatives of "loyalty, filial piety, chastity and righteousness" regarded by some feudal ruling class. Unfortunately, these four temples and halberd gates were destroyed during the cultural revolution.

Great significance

After Dacheng hall, there is Chongsheng Temple (also known as Chongsheng Temple), which is a place dedicated to Confucius' parents and ancestors. Standing at the gate of Dacheng hall, you can look down at the ancestral halls, memorial archways, panchi and palace walls. Looking up at the front, you can see the "jewelry mountain" and the small octagonal pavilion on the mountain, which are built by hand 100 meters away from the Confucian temple. In the East, the blue Qujiang River is expected to flow for thousands of miles, and in the west, the qingdaise Ma'anshan mountain is expected to occupy a vast position.

Address: Quxian County, Sichuan Province

Longitude: 107.10189087241

Latitude: 30.6183923068

Chinese PinYin : Qu Xian Wen Miao