Nanyang Baihe

Shirakawa

synonym

Nanyang Baihe River generally refers to Baihe River (upper source of Tangbai River, a tributary of Hanjiang River)

Baihe River, known as jueshui in ancient times, is the mother river of Nanyang. It originates from gonglishan, Baihe Town, Henan Province, and flows through Song County, Nanzhao County, Fangcheng County, Wancheng District, Wolong District and Xinye county,

It flows into Xiangyang County in zhaiwan, Hubei Province. After the confluence of Lianghekou and Tanghe River, it is named Tangbai river. It flows southward to Zhangjiawan and flows into Han River. It has a total length of 264 kilometers and a drainage area of 12270 square kilometers,

There are many tributaries of Baihe River, including Huangya River, Liushan River, Yahe River, Baitiao River, Luanhe River, Tuanhe River and Diaohe River, among which Songhe River, Liaohe River, Tuanhe River and Diaohe River are the largest. Except Yanling River and Xizhao River, the other tributaries are short rivers. The flood of Baihe River occurs frequently. After the completion of Yahekou Reservoir, the flood has been controlled.

Current situation

Trend of main stream

In Henan Province, the main stream of Baihe River originates from gonglishan, Baihe Town, Songxian County, Henan Province, flows from northwest to Southeast, turns due south in huangludian Town, Nanzhao County, flows through Songxian County, Fangcheng County, Nanzhao County, Nanyang city and Xinye County, and leaves the province at lihekou, Xinye County. The river in the province is 302 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 12029 square kilometers.

In Nanyang City, Baihe is from mairendian in the north of Shiqiao Town and lijingzhuang in the south of Wadian town. It runs through Shiqiao, Xindian, Pushan, cha'an, Lihe, Liaohe, huangtaigang, Luying, yingzhuang, Wadian and other townships (towns), 53 village committee districts, with a length of 68.1 km.

In Hubei Province, the main stream of Baihe River flows into Xiangyang County at zhaiwan. After the confluence of Lianghekou and Tanghe River, it is named Tangbai river. It flows southward to Zhangjiawan and flows into Han River. Xiangyang County has a river length of 28 kilometers and a drainage area of 192 square kilometers. To the Lianghekou, the Baihe River has a total length of 264 kilometers and a drainage area of 12270 square kilometers.

Channel characteristics

Henan Province has a total length of 302 kilometers and a drainage area of 12029 square kilometers. From the source of Baihe River to Qiaotou River, it flows through the deep mountain area, with narrow channel, large gradient, serious riverbed erosion, steep slopes on both sides and good vegetation coverage. From qiaotuan to Yahekou, the river flows through the shallow mountain area, the valley becomes wider and smaller, the riverbed is piled up by coarse sand and gravel, the bank slope is mostly Zha slope, and the soil erosion is serious. The river is 1000-2000 meters wide and 3-10 meters deep, with a gradient of 1 / 1500-1 / 3300. There are many beaches in Baihe River, and the riverbed is very unstable. According to records, there have been four changes in history: the first was Gangtou's breach in the seventh year of Dade (1304) of the Yuan Dynasty to seize the Liaohe River in Xinye county and become the modern Baihe River; the second was the relocation from Gangtou to the West in the fourth year of Longqing (1570) of the Ming Dynasty; the third and fourth were Wadian's breach in 1749 and 1954.

Main tributaries

There are many tributaries in Baihe River, and there are 29 tributaries with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers, mainly distributed on the right bank. There are Huangya River, Liushan River, Yahe River, Baitiao River and Luanhe River on the left bank, Songhe River, Pailu River, maihe River, Youshui River, Yonghe River, Wenliang River, Meixi River, Shili River, Liaohe River, Tuanhe River and Diaohe River on the right bank, among which Songhe River, Liaohe River, Tuanhe River and Diaohe River are the largest. Except Yanling River and Xizhao River, the other tributaries are short rivers.

Tuanhe, in the southwest of Henan Province. In ancient times, it was named tuanshui because of its rapidity. Later it was called Tuanhe. Originating from the southern foot of liqingduo in the north of Neixiang County, it flows from northwest to Southeast, passes Neixiang County and Deng County, and flows into Baihe River near Tukou in Xinye county. The river is 216 kilometers long.

Diaohe, in the southwest of Henan Province. It was named Chaoshui in ancient times. In 797, Wu Shaocheng dredged the river and later called it Diaohe river. It was named after the river overflowed indefinitely and his temperament was cunning. It originates from ximiaogong Township, Neixiang County, flows from northwest to Southeast, passes Neixiang County, Xichuan County and Deng County, and flows into Baihe River near Zhangzhuang Township, xindianpu Township, Xinye county. The river is 133 kilometers long.

Meixi river originates from purple mountain. There are two sources of water: one is on the left side of the tomb of the former Ming Dynasty and the other is on the right side. All the sources are weak. The two sources flow about 2.5km southeast to meet, passing through the tomb of King Chengxiu of the Ming Dynasty, to the Yongdingmen gate of the western city, to the Chenghe River, around the city to the left, to the huiwenliang river of Liuliqiao, and to the Baihe River. Water from the mountains to the city. So it is also called wanwan river.

Liaohe River, located in the west of Nanyang City, originated from Qili mountain. There are two sources of water: one is the Xiliao River out of baicaoduo, which flows through Xinghua mountain in Zhenping in the southeast; the other is the Dongliao River out of guodading, which flows through angoo street in the South; the other is the confluence of Liuwan village in Wangcun Township, which is called the Liaohe River. It flows through liaohepo, angoo, Wangcun, Liaohe, Luying and yingzhuang, and leaves at Dongpo village, yingzhuang township. The city section is 76 km long and the river bed is 50-120 m wide. According to the records of Wangcun hydrological station, the maximum flow was 1800 m3 / s in 1969. In dry season, there is only a trickle. In 1959, the reservoir was built on the upper reaches of Dongliao River and penglikeng reservoir on the upper reaches of Xiliao River. The river is a high-quality building material with large grain, many edges and pure quality.

Sishui river is located in the north of Nanyang city. Also known as Erhui. It comes from the northern foot of wuduo mountain. Several sources gather together, southeast by Nanzhao County Shimen Township flow Nanyang territory. To Longwo with Wuquan mountains and waters, Hongye River, digiping water, mountain (Purple Mountain northwest) water confluence, called Sishui river. Then it flows through Shiqiao Town and Pushan Town, and injects into Baihe River in zhouwan village of Pushan town. The section is 13 kilometers long, the riverbed is about 120 meters wide, and the drainage area is 204 square kilometers. In 1959, zhonggangmiao reservoir was built on the North Branch of Sishui River in Longwo. In the same year, longwanggou reservoir was built 2 kilometers west of Longwo. The river bed is shallow and flat, the sand particles are large, the quality is pure and many shuttle, so it is a high-quality building material.

Baitao River, also known as Baijiao river. It originates from the west of Shimen in Fangcheng County, and flows through Nanyang in the east of Bowang town in the southwest. After that, it flows through Yinshan, xialiupu south, Xindian Street North, also known as Guanqu, to shabazhuang and into Baihe River.

Huangqu river originates from the east foot of Zishan mountain. At the beginning of the water is very small, to Dushan, the flow gradually increased, known as yonger river. Turn east, cross Diaoyutai and pour into Baihe River.

Xilihe is located in the south of Nanyang. According to the annals of Nanyang Prefecture written by Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, "the Lihe River is the first river to receive water at the north of Lihe River Bridge in East Bali of Nanyang, at the famous Madu weir." It flows southward through Lihe and huangtaigang townships and flows into Zihe from Fangzhai village of huangtaigang township. The river is 20.5 km long, about 10 m wide, with a drainage area of 41.9 square kilometers. The river is an ancient man-made river, and many weirs are set up along the river to plant rice. In 1956, a stone tablet was found in Yuhuangmiao street during the Yuan Dynasty. The inscription describes "spring rain, mulberry and hemp, thousands of green families, autumn wind, rice, thousands of hectares of fragrance". It can be seen that the irrigation on both sides of the river was prosperous at that time. In the winter of 1957, the dredging was changed into Yuejin three canals. After the regulation in 1966 and 1967, the effective irrigation area was about 50000 mu.

Dongli river is called Jishui in ancient times and Lihe River after Ming Dynasty. Originated from lingjiaochi and QiangYing, it belongs to Baihe River system. The main stream is 18.9 km long and covers an area of 210.9 square kilometers. It flows through six townships (towns) including Xindian, Lihe, Jinhua, huangtaigang and Wadian. Due to the narrow river bend, summer and autumn floods, often overflow for disaster. In 1964, an artificial river was dug from the West Bank South of Yanqiao village to connect with Baihe River to regulate the flow and avoid flood.

hydrographic features

The runoff of Baihe River is mainly supplied by precipitation, followed by groundwater. The annual average runoff is 2.088 billion cubic meters, mainly concentrated in July to August, accounting for about 50% of the annual runoff. The runoff in autumn is significantly larger than that in spring and autumn. The river is rich in water, with an average annual flow of 70.71 m3 / s, ranking first among all rivers in the region, with a maximum flow of 8400 m3 / S (Nanyang station, July 15, 1957). Baihe River is one of the flood prone rivers, which mainly occurs from July to August. Before the construction of the Yahekou Reservoir, the flood with a flow of more than 5000 m3 / s occurred frequently, generally once every 1-2 years; after the completion of the Yahekou Reservoir, the flood was controlled, generally once every 6-12 years. The average annual sediment concentration of Baihe River is 1.68 kg / m3, the erosion modulus is 352.16 T / km2, the maximum sediment concentration is 7.86 kg / m3, and the maximum erosion modulus is 1800 T / km2. The average annual temperature of Baihe River is 14.8-16.7 ℃, the first glacial period is from November 30 to January 27, and the last glacial period is from January 2 to March 3. The water quality of the river is good, with salinity below 120 mg / L and hardness below 2 mg equivalent / L. the river is colorless, tasteless and sweet.

Development management

Regulation of main stream

In the Ming Dynasty, embankments were built on both sides of the Baihe River to prevent disasters. In the 1930s, BIE Tingfang planted willows to control rivers, changed beaches to make land, and built weirs and canals in 13 counties of Wan, but the flood control capacity was very low. After 1950, the people's government managed the main and tributaries for many times and built flood diversion and detention areas. By 1987, there were 1196 kilometers of dykes and 851 kilometers of greening.

In 1953, a flood peak of 7090 m3 / s occurred in the section of < I (now Nanyang) < / I in Nanyang County, and 477000 mu of cultivated land was flooded. Wadian street in Nanyang County was seriously collapsed and flooded. In the winter of that year, 75 kilometers of Baihe levees were built in Nanyang County and 25 kilometers in Xinye County, with a state investment of 400000 yuan. nineteen

Chinese PinYin : Nan Yang Bai He