Nanyang magistrate yamen Museum

Nanyang government

synonym

Nanyang magistrate yamen Museum generally refers to Nanyang Yamen

Nanyang yamen is located in the famous historical and cultural city of China, north of the west of Minzhu street in Nanyang City, Henan Province. Founded in 1271 A.D. in the seventh year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty, it has experienced five historical periods: yuan, Ming, Qing, the Republic of China and the people's Republic of China. It has been a magistrate for 199 years. There are more than 100 buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, 300 meters in length from north to south, 240 meters in width from east to west, covering an area of 72000 square meters. The whole building complex has a rigorous layout, large scale and magnificent momentum. It is a complete county level specimen left by the feudal society.

Nanyang government office is not only the epitome of the Forbidden City in Beijing, but also a symbol of Nanyang as a famous historical and cultural city. It has high research value in history, art and science, and is the only government office office office in China that is completely preserved. " Words such as "father and mother", "calling Father and Du mother" and "yangxuxuanyu" originated from Nanyang government and are now one of the famous cultural attractions in Nanyang city

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In 2001, Nanyang government was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In 2009, it was listed as one of the first batch of national third-class museums.

In 2012, it was named as "clean government culture and education base of the whole province".

Brief introduction of Fuya

Brief introduction of Fuya

The existing buildings of Nanyang magistrate yamen Museum retain the architectural art of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Sit north to south, axis symmetry, master-slave orderly, central hall, two sides of the auxiliary, layout multiple, courtyard number into.

architectural style

On both sides of the central axis, left Wen and right Wu, left Zun and right Bei, front hall and back bedroom. Single eaves hard mountain architecture. It is the only one of 215 prefectural government offices in the Qing Dynasty, which is well preserved and well regulated by 2013. The screen wall of the Yamen is concave, 5 meters high and 22.5 meters wide. It is made of green bricks with brick inscriptions of "Nanyang Fucheng" and "Nanyang Fu".

On the left and right sides in front of Zhaobi, there are the sites of Zhaofu and dumufang, which are built to commemorate Zhao Xinchen and Dushi, the two great princes of Nanyang in the Han Dynasty. A parapet is built in front of the gate, with eight shaped walls on both sides, and four stone tablets are set in the wall. Entering the gate with three wide faces and two deep arches is the Yimen gate. The shape of the instrument gate is the same as that of the gate, except that the inner eaves of the front slope are made of wood structure.

The gate of ceremony is the gate of etiquette. When a new official arrives, he dismounts in front of the gate and is welcomed into the gate by the welcoming official. At the Jiaqing ceremony, the emperor was lucky enough to read out the imperial edict or hold major sacrificial activities, but also to open the ceremony door. Behind the gate is the lobby, which is 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep. It is the main building on the central axis and the third courtyard. Under the eaves, there is a Dougong, which is sparse and bright.

The hall is where the magistrate reads the imperial edict, receives officials and holds important ceremonies. There are official cases in the center of the hall, with "Silence", "evasion" and other honor guards on both sides. The second hall behind the hall is the place where the Yamen officer deals with general business, with a solemn and dignified atmosphere. 20 meters through the gate of the second hall, there is the third hall. It is the place where the magistrate receives senior officials, discusses political affairs, deals with official affairs and Yan's residence. At the back of the hall is the government garden, with clear water, green trees, rare flowers and beautiful flowers. It is a resting place for the magistrate and his family.

on a large scale

Nanyang office left North to south, by the Ming and Qing Dynasties continued to repair expansion, to the end of the Qing Dynasty Guangxu, large-scale. The main buildings are arranged on a central axis in turn, all of which are hard mountain brick and wood structures. The houses and courtyards on both sides are orderly distributed and strictly arranged. In front of the Department is Zhaobi, in the north is the gate, and there are two houses on the left and right. In front of the gate are Zhaofu house in the East, Dumu square in the west, qiaolou and Shishi. In the north of the gate is the gate of the instrument, on both sides of which are gonglu, and outside there are two East and West archways, corresponding to the gates on both sides of the gate of the instrument. Further north is the hall. Along the old forehead of Ming Dynasty, it is called "fair and honest", which means fair and honest. In front of the hall, a stone ring was erected. On the front, the inscription "gongshengming" was written. On the two sides, the inscription "Er Fenger, er Lu, Gao Minzhi" was written. There are chengfasi and yongpingku on the left and right sides of the hall. From the front of the hall to the Yimen, there are ten rows of rooms on each side. They are the Deacon's rooms, namely the six Cao's rooms for clerks, and the two gongs' rooms for the East and the West.

Layout structure

Behind the hall is the Yin Gong gate, behind the gate is the two halls. In the Ming Dynasty, it was called "Yan Si" and later "Si Bu Tang". In the late Qing Dynasty, it was changed to "Tui Si Tang", which means "Tui Si Tang". After the second hall, there is the warm Pavilion (Chuange), which enters the inner house (Fu ting). The inner house is a quadrangle courtyard, which is composed of the house gate, the left and right gatehouses, the left and right corridor rooms and the back hall (three halls), commonly known as shangfangyuan. On both sides of the gate and gatehouse were the official houses, but outside the Shangfang courtyard.

The size of the back hall is similar to that of the main hall. It is the place where the magistrate receives senior officials and discusses important political affairs. There is a courtyard in the east of houtang, which is the residence of the magistrate's family members. In the Southeast (East by south of Ertang), there is "xubaixuan"; in the north, there are dozens of peach and plum trees planted in the East, which is called "peach and plum hall".

There is a flower hall in the southwest of houtang (in the west of the second Hall). In the north of the hall, it is called "shizhuxuan". It is the place for the magistrate to judge, that is, the place where official documents, files and daily office work are signed. It is between the open-minded governance, so it is named. Turning to the west is "Ai RI Tang". In 1899, a pond was dug in front of the hall to plant lotus, and a Hongqiao bridge was built on it to connect with "Xiang Yue Xuan", which means that it is pure and straight. A plaque called "Ai Lian" was added, and a rockery was built beside it to provide a rest place for the government.

In the north of houtang, there is a quiet house in Huaiyin, and in the back of the house, there is a chrysanthemum garden. Every year, more than 1000 pots of chrysanthemum can be raised in Chongyang. In the southwest of houtang, a vegetable garden is set up to irrigate it with spring water. In the north of houtang is Houfu, in the west is Ma Hao, in the East is a side courtyard, in which there is "Guixiang room", and in the back is tuanlian Binxing hall. The northernmost part is the playground, which used to be the training ground for the regiment. In 1936, the office of the inspector general held the first martial arts conference here.

historical background

Nanyang magistrate yamen is a complete specimen of county level since the first emperor of Qin set up the county system. The existing building is a historical archives, which is not only the epitome of the Forbidden City in Beijing, but also the symbol of Nanyang as a national historical and cultural city, with high historical, artistic, scientific and cultural value. The magistrate yamen is a pearl of Nanyang, a famous historical and cultural city.

It is not known when Nanyang government office was founded. From the establishment of Nanyang County by King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, Nanyang had a governor (changed to the prefect during the reign of emperor Jingdi of the Western Han Dynasty), namely the Prefecture Office. In the third year of Jin Zhengda's reign (1226), Shenzhou was established in Nanyang. In 1271, it was promoted to Nanyang Prefecture as the government office. However, the construction and shape of the Yuan Dynasty can not be studied. The Ming Dynasty government office was built at the original site by Cheng Benchu, Tongzhi (Fu zuoguan) in 1370. In the fifth year of Zhengtong (1440), Tongzhi Wang Chongxiu rebuilt it. At that time, the government department had a main hall, a back hall, six rooms on the left and right, and a stone pavilion in front of it.

The organization of Nanyang Prefecture is unknown in the Yuan Dynasty, but it is basically the same in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It mainly includes: Tongzhi tongduan: both Tongzhi and tongduan are assistant officials of the magistrate. In yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were Tongzhi in Nanyang Prefecture. Tongzhi was called judge in Yuan Dynasty, and changed to Tongzhi in Ming Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty, Tongzhi and Tongzhi were in charge of patrol, grain transportation, river defense, irrigation and water conservancy, and tuntian. Military department and grain department: in the east of the prefecture, in 1659, the military department was merged into the grain capture department, and was set up in Xichuan County in 1683. Push official office: that is, Li Department (Li is the name of the ancient judge), later known as the Li Xing Department.

Reconstruction in the early Ming Dynasty

In the yuan and Ming Dynasties, Nanyang Prefecture had a Tui Guan, who was in charge of inquisition and assisted the magistrate in charge of criminal law and regulations. Experience Division: in the Ming Dynasty, it was originally in the east of the hall of Fu, but later moved out. Zhaomosuo: it was originally in the west of the hall of the mansion, later moved to Li chennan, and then abandoned. Secretary for prison: Qing Dynasty "Kangxi Fu Zhi" contains: "Secretary for prison in the west of Fu Yi gate, now abandoned.". Fu Confucianism: in 1271, Zhou Xue was changed into Fu Xue, which was destroyed by the war. It was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, and the former site of Ming and Tang Wangfu in the city, that is, today's Wangfu Hotel, was built in the early Qing Dynasty. Tax division: built in the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, he was willing to move to the government department after he was in the government department.

Wancheng post: it was built in the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (1439). Its former site is in Youyi street outside the east gate, which is now Xinsheng street. In addition, there are yin and Yang studies, medicine, monk Gang Si and so on.

Nanyang Government Office

Nanyang government office, usually called Fuya or Zhifu yamen, is the official office of Nanyang magistrate in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The former site is in the southwest corner of the old city, that is, the north side of the west end of today's democracy street. Nanyang government has a history of more than 700 years since Yuan Dynasty, which has a high cultural value. The decision of the municipal Party committee and the municipal government to repair the Nanyang government department is a popular move.

Jieshifang

After the Yamen of Nanyang Prefecture, the pavilion was transformed into a square (called Jieshi Square), with an instrument gate, a gate, an official house, and an official house in the East and West. Jinglishi (in charge of receiving documents) is in the east of the main hall; zhaomoting (in charge of the six room archives) is in the west of the main hall; siyusi (in charge of the prison prisoners) is in the west of Yimen; jiageku (in charge of collecting and managing documents) is in the back of the main hall; the two pavilions of affirming and Jingshan are in the East and west of the front of the government department, and yongpingku (in charge of the Treasury) is in the house.

During the reign of Chenghua (1465-1478), the magistrate Chen Yi rebuilt the hall（

Chinese PinYin : Nan Yang Zhi Fu Ya Men Bo Wu Guan