Haifeng town site

Haifeng town site

Haifeng town site, located 25 kilometers east of Huanghua City, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, is an important coastal site and an important archaeological excavation project of Jin and Yuan Dynasties in China

.

Haifeng town site is about 1200 meters from north to South and 1900 meters from east to west, covering an area of 2.28 million square meters. From 2000 to 2017, archaeologists excavated Haifeng town site for four times, and unearthed a large number of complete and recoverable artifacts, most of which are porcelain

.

On May 25, 2006, Haifeng town site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

.

Historical evolution

In the Han Dynasty, the site of Haifeng town is the hometown of liuhou state

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During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the site of Haifeng town was called Piaoyu, also known as jiaofei city.

In Tang and Song Dynasties, the site of Haifeng town was called Tongshang town.

In Jin Dynasty, the site of Haifeng town was named Haifeng town

.

In 1986, when the original Huanghua County Museum conducted a general survey of cultural relics in the whole county, the Haifeng town site was discovered for the first time.

In 2000, in order to cooperate with the construction of Shuohuang Railway, the archaeological excavation of Haifeng town site was carried out. Not only the boiled salt site, but also the building base site was found

.

In 2003, in order to cooperate with the construction of Shuohuang Railway, the Haifeng town site was excavated twice

.

In June 2014, Hebei Huanghua Museum cooperated with the Frontier Archaeology Research Center of Jilin University to sort out and restore the cultural relics unearthed from the Haifeng town site. According to the characteristics of the Haifeng town site, combined with the geographical location and historical records of Haifeng Town, the Haifeng town site should be the northern starting point of the "maritime Silk Road" in the song and Jin Dynasties, from which the porcelain was exported to Northeast Asia and South Korea China, Japan and beyond

.

In July 2016, The first initiative excavation of Haifeng town site was officially launched, which was approved by the State Administration of cultural relics, presided over by Hebei Institute of cultural relics, and jointly carried out by the national underwater cultural heritage protection center and Huanghua Museum. In November of the same year, the first phase of the work was completed, with an excavation area of 300 square meters. The excavation area is about 30 meters long from north to South and 10 meters wide from east to west Dry road, pottery, porcelain and other human activities remains, artifacts

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In March 2017, the second stage of the active excavation of the Haifeng town site was located in the southeast of the Haifeng town site, about 400 meters away from the exploration of the first stage, with an excavation area of 1000 square meters

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Site features

Haifeng town site is located 25 kilometers east of Huanghua City, covering an area of 2.28 million square meters. The cultural connotation of the site is rich, and the thickest cultural layer can reach 4 meters

. There are many sites around the site of Haifeng town. These sites together form a large settlement group in Haifeng Town, which shared the responsibility of the starting point of maritime trade at that time

.

Cultural relics

From 2000 to 2017, archaeologists excavated the Haifeng town site for four times, and found a large number of artifacts from the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Most of them were porcelain, which came from different kilns in the north and south, such as Ding kiln, Cizhou kiln, Longquan kiln, Jingdezhen kiln, etc Products, such as white porcelain pumpkin seeds, glaze color white porcelain, black porcelain, sauce porcelain, celadon, two-color porcelain, hanging porcelain, decorative techniques such as printing, flower carving, flower picking, decorative patterns such as mandarin duck, fish, peony, lotus, stone, etc

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Research value

In Jin Dynasty, Haifeng town site was a trade center and an important transportation port with water and land transportation as a whole and porcelain as the main part. It should be the northern starting point of "maritime Silk Road" in song and Jin Dynasties. A considerable part of song and Jin porcelain unearthed abroad, especially in East Asian countries, should be transported from Haifeng town. Haifeng Town, together with the sites of Ningbo, Yangzhou and other places in China, has built the geographical framework of ancient Chinese porcelain trade, which is of great significance to the study of ancient porcelain trade in East Asia. The Haifeng town site provides an important basis for judging the nature and historical changes of the Haifeng town site, and stores a large amount of social life information for the important material materials of ancient social life. These information can be completely preserved, providing rare material materials for the observation and study of the history and social life at that time, which plays an important role in supplementing history and proving history

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protective measures

On May 25, 2006, Haifeng town site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

.

In July 2015, the development and Reform Commission of Hebei Province issued the construction project plan of Haifeng town site protection facilities, in which the central budget investment is 3.1 million yuan and the local supporting fund is 2.12 million yuan. The project fund will be used for the construction of Haifeng town site protection facilities, including 6200 square meters of protection net and guardrail, 8000 square meters of walking road, 1000 square meters of road renovation, 2000 square meters of green plants Laying 1000m water supply pipeline, adding 200 garbage cans, installing 1 set of security monitoring facilities, 1 set of sewage filtering facilities and 1 set of distribution box, and 1000 m2 nursing management exhibition and research room

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History and culture

The beginning of salt industry

In the spring and Autumn period, Guan Zhong, the Minister of Qi, suggested that Duke Huan of Qi should "cook the sea for salt" to develop salt industry in order to enrich the country and strengthen the army

. At that time, Huanghua was located in the northern part of Qi, and salt industry was flourishing.

During the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, Liuxian county was set up because of its abundant fish and salt

.

In the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (110 years), sang Hongyang was appointed as the commander of Su administration. He invited 37 ministers of the Ministry of agriculture to be stationed in counties where there was a large amount of salt in the country. Zhangwu County, Bohai prefecture (the county governs the north of Guxian village in today's Huanghua city), was the first county to set up salt officials. Salt people cooked salt on a small scale, and salt transportation was mainly by waterway

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During the period of Wang Mang (14-23 years), the sea immersion occurred on the west coast of the Bohai Sea. "The weather is rainy, the northeast wind is blowing, the sea is overflowing, the southwest comes out, and the sleeping area is hundreds of miles away. The Jiuhe river has been gradually covered by the sea.". The Jiuhe area includes the present-day Tianjin, Ninghe and Huanghua belt. It was immersed in seawater for about 100 years, and salt industry and agriculture were destroyed

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At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Bohai county was a hundred miles northeast of Gaocheng. It was near Haifeng town of Huanghua city in the north and Juhai in the East

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In 318, the first year of Jianxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Shu was sent by shile to cook salt in jiaofei city. The range of cooking range is equivalent to that of Huanghua coastal salt farm and Haixing County

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In the third year of Yongxi reign of Emperor Wu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (534), salt was boiled by the sea in Cangzhou, Yingzhou, Qingzhou and Youzhou. Cangzhou was the most prosperous, with 1484 cooking stoves. Most of the cooking stoves in Cangzhou were near Haifeng Town, Huanghua city. Liuhe (Haifeng town in the North) was the main waterway for salt transportation. Pass jiaofei town (Haifeng town), pass yangerzhuang in the southwest, reach Zhangwu County Administrative Office (Guxian village, Huanghua city) in the west, pass Gaocheng county administrative office in the North (Zhaocun village, the ancient city of Yanshan Mountain), then go west to Cangzhou Jiedi, pass Changlu (Cangzhou City), connect Zhangzhou and Hengshui. By land from yangerzhuang through Cangzhou, and the confluence of Yingzhou (Hejian) for transshipment, westbound marketing around

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Heyday

According to the new Annals of Yanshan, "Cang salt flourished in the Jin and Liao dynasties of the Five Dynasties, and the salt in Nanchang was even more concentrated in Quanzhou in the North (haifengchang belonged to Nanchang at that time). In the Jin Dynasty, the salt industry in Haifeng town was more prosperous. " In Tang, song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, Haifeng salt industry was prosperous. Before the Tang Dynasty, salt people in Haifeng town fried salt for one stove or several stoves, and the government sent officials to supervise the collection of taxes. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the monopoly of salt and iron was restored; a transfer envoy of salt and iron was set up, and Liu Yan, an expert in financial management, rectified the law of salt transportation. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, Wudi river was dredged again. Salt transportation was very busy in Haifeng Town, and the river was often blocked by ships going to and from business. At that time, it was named "Tongshang town". During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Cangzhou set up nine salt farms, and Jin offered 16 prefectures for the benefit of boiling salt between rivers, so the northern states ate Cang salt

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Decline of salt industry

In the late Ming Dynasty, Beisi (Beisi) was formerly known as Beichang. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhuangzong took the army of Lutai, Zhao Dejun Town, as the starting point of Beichang, which was called Xincang because of the establishment of Yanchang. After Liao and Jin Dynasties, the salt industry was prosperous in the north and declined in the south. According to the records of new records of Yanshan, in 1593, Yao siren and the northern printing office exchanged notes, saying that the northern printing office produced more and more things, and they knew that the laws were easy to carry out; the southern printing office produced less and the matters were simple, and the printing office of the two departments had been urged to do so. So he moved to Changlu for more than ten years and thirty-nine years. In the early Ming Dynasty, nansuo was Yuntong, while beisuo was Yundan, which meant that the South was more important than the north. At the time of Wanli intermodulation, the prosperity of the north and the decline of the South can be seen. Since then, only one ambassador was stationed in Haifeng, and the source of its prosperity and decline was the transportation, which was not produced in the past but now exhausted. In 1944, there were only 10 private scattered beaches in Huanghua

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Revival of salt industry

In 1945, after the liberation of Huanghua County, the county government organized large-scale salt drying, and opened more than 200 beaches in Zuozhuang and xinlizhao, the former Haifeng farm. In 1947, Huanghua was once again under control

Chinese PinYin : Hai Feng Zhen Yi Zhi