The Jialing River

The Jialing River

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

to examine

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Jialing River, a tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, is named after the Jialing Valley in the northeast of Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province.

(the first theory comes from the 20th (Yangshui) of shuijingzhu: "the Han River flows into Jialing Road in the South and becomes Jialing water."

）It originates from Daiwang mountain in Fengxian County of Shaanxi Province at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. The main stream flows through Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Sichuan Province and Chongqing City, and joins the Yangtze River at Chaotianmen, Chongqing city. The main tributaries are: Badu River, Xihanshui River, Bailong River, Qujiang River, Fujiang River, etc. The total length is 1345 km

The main stream basin area is 39200 square kilometers, and the basin area is 160000 square kilometers

）It is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River,

The length is second only to Yalong River and the flow is second only to Minjiang River.

General situation of main stream

The main stream of Jialing River originates from Qinling Mountains, starts from Fengxian County, and flows into the Yangtze River through Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Sichuan Province and Chongqing city. The main stream is 1345 km long,

The main stream basin covers an area of 39200 square kilometers.

Above Zhaohua District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, is the upper reaches, from Zhaohua to Hechuan District, Chongqing is the middle reaches, and from Hechuan to the estuary of Chongqing is the lower reaches.

Heyuan

Traditionally, there are two sources of Jialing River: Dongyu River in Daiwang mountain, Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province and water in Western Han Dynasty in Qishou mountain, Qinzhou District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province. Some experts believe that Bailong River originated from Ruoergai grassland, Langmusi Town, Luqu County, Gannan. In October 2011, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission confirmed Daiwang mountain in Qinling Mountain, Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province as the main source.

Dongyu river originates from dafengou, the south side of Daiwang mountain, 2598 meters above sea level, which is the main ridge of Qinling Mountains in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province. The upper source is called Danangou. It flows from southeast to northwest, parallel to the upper source of Qingjiang River, a tributary of Weihe River, which originates in the north of Qinling ridge. After reaching jianchaping, Dongyu River and Qingjiang River flow in the southwest and northeast respectively, opposite to each other. According to the records of Fengxian county annals, the reach of Jialing River in Shaanxi Province is called "Gudao River", and it is only when it flows into Sichuan basin that it is called Jialing River. In modern times, Jialing River generally refers to all the river sections below Donghe bridge in Fengxian County.

Shaanxi section

In Shaanxi Province, Jialing River flows through Fengxian County, into Gansu Province, then back to Shaanxi Province, and out of Shaanxi Province through Lueyang county and Ningqiang County. In Shaanxi Province, it belongs to the upper reaches of the river, with a length of 244 km, accounting for about 30% of the total river length; in Shaanxi Province, the drainage area is 9930 square kilometers, and the average annual runoff is 5.66 billion cubic meters.

In Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province, it was called Gudao River and Donghe River in ancient times, also known as Xianhe river. It originated from Daiwang mountain in the north foot of Qinling Mountains, and flowed from southeast to northwest along dongyugou, and turned southwest near dongheqiao old street. The 23 villages flowing through the towns of huangniupu, Longkou, Fengzhou and shuangshipu enter Liangdang County of Gansu Province. The county is 72 kilometers long, with 52 primary tributaries, 69 secondary tributaries and 19 tertiary tributaries. The annual runoff is 581 million cubic meters, the inflow is 244 million cubic meters, and the average flow is 18.28 cubic meters. The River belongs to the mountain gorge type bundle River, showing the beaded shape of wide gorge alternating. The riverbed gradient is 6.6 ‰, and the sediment sorting is poor. Due to the influence of the neotectonic movement, the valley slope is steep and the meander is deep. The relative height between the riverbed and the valley top is between 200 and 400 meters. There are no continuous terraces along the river. There are large meandering terraces such as caoliangyi, Longkou, Fengzhou and shuangshipu in the broad valley, which are important economic zones along the river.

In Lueyang County, Jialing River enters the county from Yuguan stone earth temple in Hui County, Gansu Province. The riverbed is more than 60 meters wide, passing through Baishuijiang, Xujiaping, Lueyang County, lesuhe and other towns from north to south. Confluence ganxigou, Xiaohe, qingnihe, maliutang, qiaojinggou, shuishuigou, zhoujiashan, Shijiazhuang, Xishui, Shigou, qinjiaba, jinjiahe, shizhuanggou, Badu and Dongdu rivers. The river bed in the urban section is more than 150 meters wide and the bank is more than 200 meters wide. It also flows into jiamenzigou, yiligou, qingbaishi River, xiancaogou, lesu River, zhongbazi River, shiwengzi River and other main rivers. The downstream bank is more than 200 meters wide and flows into Ningqiang at dengdengdengya, shiwengzi township. In the county, the flow is 86.75 km, and the catchment area is 2014.6 km2, accounting for 71% of the total area of 2831 km2. The average gradient of the main stream is 1.35 ‰, the measured maximum discharge is 8630 second cubic meters (August 1981 at Lueyang station), and the flood level is 644.96 meters. The minimum flow is 11.5 second cubic meters (Lueyang station, January 3, 1973). The total annual runoff is 4.436 billion cubic meters, of which the average annual runoff is 3.992 billion cubic meters, the dry annual runoff is 2.795 billion cubic meters, and the dry annual runoff is 1.73 billion cubic meters. The water energy reserve is 119000 kW. The annual average sediment discharge is 32.2 million tons, the annual average sediment concentration is 8.57 kg / m, and the annual average erosion modulus is 1680 tons per square kilometer.

In Ningqiang County, Jialing River flows into the county from shigunping, zengjiahe Township, from north to south, to Yangping pass, to southwest, to daowan, and then to Qingtan temple. The county has a flow length of 65 kilometers and a drainage area of 445 square kilometers.

Gansu Section

In Gansu Province, it was called the water of the Western Han Dynasty in ancient times. It entered Gansu Province from Xifeng County in Shaanxi Province at the mouth of the two rivers, then flowed southwest, passed through Liangdang county and Hui County, and returned from the province in Wuwang city to Lueyang County in Shaanxi Province.

Among them, in Liangdang County, Hongya River and Liangdang river flow into the mainstream of Jialing River. In Huixian County, it runs through the eastern part of the county, with a total length of 165 kilometers from wuwangcheng in the county, 40.2 kilometers from mingdongkou in Dashan Village of Jialing township to wuwangcheng in Yuguan Township, with a drainage area of 6925.0 square kilometers. The average gradient of the river is 5 ‰. It covers an area of 289 square kilometers, with an average annual flow of 46.4 cubic meters per second and a total annual runoff of 1.46327 billion cubic meters. The domestic self-produced water is 6875 million cubic meters, the inbound water is 8449 million cubic meters, and the total surface water resources is 913 million cubic meters. The annual average sediment discharge is 3.8 million tons, and the water resources reserve is 37900 kW.

Sichuan section

In Sichuan Province, the main stream of Jialing River flows southward from Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province, converging with the water of Western Han Dynasty, and then flows into Sichuan through Lueyang county and Yangpingguan. After passing Guangyuan City, it receives Bailong River in Zhaohua District, flows southward to Langzhong City, East River flows from left bank, West River flows from Nanbu county and Pengan county to Hechuan District, Qujiang River and Fujiang River flow into the left bank and right bank respectively, and flows into the Yangtze River in Chaotianmen, Chongqing City, with a river length of 796 km in the province.

In Nanchong City (prefecture level city), Jialing River flows from shuangnushi in the north to Wufeng Township, urban district, Xinjian Township, spark Township, Wenfeng Township and zaiyaoziyan in the south to Nanchong county. The territory is 26 kilometers long, and it successively receives branches of Jingxi, Luoxi, Xihe, Nixi, qingshuixi, etc., with winding rivers. The maximum velocity in flood season is 4.09 M / s, and the minimum velocity in dry season is 0.38 M / S. in flood and dry season, the channel width is 250-2500 m, and the difference of flood and dry water level is 7.19 M. The annual average minimum discharge is 115 second cubic meters, and the peak discharge is 13500 second cubic meters. The difference between flood and drought is 117 times. There are many rivers in the center of the river, with leaky harbors and crossroads, and the river is stable.

In the former Nanchong County, Jialing River flows to zhenyuanchang of Peng'an county and enters into the county. It flows through 18 townships (towns), including Yuxi, Jiangling, Fengshan, Tiaodeng, Longmen, Xiaolong, Jingxi, Gaoping, Yong'an, Qushui, Qingju, Hexi, Xitou, Yangkou, Xinchang, Lidu, Tumen, Linjiang, and 36 villages. The county has a flow length of 121 kilometers, a drainage area of 788.2 square kilometers, and an average annual flow of 878 cubic meters M / s, the maximum flow is 327.4 million cubic meters / s. From 1965 to 1982, the average sand content in 22 years was 2.61 kg / m3, and the weighted average gradient was 0.377, 0.416 above the county level and 0.27 below the county level. The most prominent section of Qingju street is 17.1 kilometers upstream and downstream, and the land road is only 370 meters apart. Therefore, it is said among the masses that "the daughter of Qingju married Qushui, and she came and went by boat.".

In Yuechi County, Guang'an City, the Jialing River enters from shigu Township in the west of the county, flows out from Pingtan town in the southwest of the county through Zhenyu town and Jialing Township, with a length of 17.70 km. 43. The average annual discharge is 891 m3 / s, and the total annual runoff is 27.8 billion m3.

Chongqing Section

In Chongqing, Jialing River was called "Yushui" in ancient times, so Chongqing is also referred to as "Yu".

It flows through Hechuan District, joins Qujiang River and Fujiang River (the estuary is in Chongqing), naheishuitan River and Houhe River in Beibei District, passes through Yubei district and Jiangbei District, and joins the Yangtze River at Chaotianmen in Yuzhong District.

In Beibei District, Jialing River flows from northwest to Southeast. The length of Beibei section is 45.1 km, and its tributaries include Bibei River, heishuitan River, Longfeng River, Ma'an River, Mingjia River, etc. The highest flood level is 214 meters and the lowest dry water level is 176.61 meters.

In Yubei District, Jialing River is along the southwest of the district

Chinese PinYin : Jia Ling Jiang