Tuoluojing building

Tuoluojing building, Zhaozhou

synonym

Tuoluojing building (in Zhaoxian County of Hebei Province) generally refers to Zhaozhou tuoluojing building

Zhaozhou tuoluojing building is located at the intersection of South Street and Shita road in Zhaoxian County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. The original name of Zhaozhou tuoluojing building is Buddha top Zunsheng Tuoluoni building. It is named as tuoluojing building because it is engraved with "tuoluojing". It is also made of granite and stone carving. It looks like a tower. Local people commonly call it stone tower. Built in the fifth year of Jingyou (1038) of the Northern Song Dynasty, it is the highest Shijing building in China.

Located in the north and facing south, the tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou is composed of a base, a building body and a jewel on the top of the building. It is a multi-layer structure with eight edges and seven levels in total. Each section is carved and built with a single boulder. The building is 16.44 meters high. There are octagonal canopy or eaves between each section of the building. The whole stone building is composed of various relief carvings, and the upper short columns are all carvings. It is a good example of the combination of Chinese architecture and carving art, and a rare object for the study of Buddhism and carving art in the Northern Song Dynasty. It has important historical and artistic value.

On March 4, 1961, the State Council announced that the tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou was the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

The original name of the tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou is fo Ding Zunsheng Tuoluoni building. It is located in the city of Zhao county, Hebei Province, on the former site of Kaiyuan Temple in Tang Dynasty. Because there is a complete text of the toronic Scripture on the body of the building, it is also called "the toronic Scripture building". The building is made of granite and stone carving. It looks like a tower. It is commonly known as "stone tower" locally.

In the fifth year of Jingyou (1038) of the Northern Song Dynasty, the tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou was built under the supervision of Wang Decheng, Vice Minister of protocol and Zhizhao state. It has seven levels and each floor is carved with huge stones.

In September of the fifth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty (1571), the Sutra building of Tuoluoni in Zhaozhou was rebuilt.

On March 8 and 22, 1966, the tongzhuangsha of tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou was tilted by the Xingtai earthquake and righted in 1973.

In 1984, Zhao county renovated the Sutra building in Tuoluoni, Zhaozhou, with an accurate height of 16.44 meters measured.

On August 27, 1983, the third, fourth and fifth floor of tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou was struck by lightning. The huge canopy of Prince Youmen was struck in two with cracks of 1-3cm, and more than 50 pieces of gravel were shot down.

In March 1990, with the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, Zhao county restored the tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou, which was completed in December of the same year.

Architectural features

Located in the north and facing south, the tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou is composed of a base, a building body and a jewel on the top of the building. It is a multi-layer structure with eight edges and seven levels in total. Each section is carved and built with a single boulder. There are eight prismatic shaped canopy or eaves between each section of the building, each with different layers, each with its own characteristics, carved with tassel, vertical cover, gods and animals, and Buddhist stories.

There are three floors at the base of the tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou. The bottom floor is a low flat xumizuo with a square plane, which is composed of lotus, waist and two layers. Each side of the waist is divided into three rooms with lotus pillars, carved with Vajra, Rex and flame arch. The second floor is the octagonal xumizuo, with three layers of upper and lower layers. The waist is tied with corner pillars, and the relief of Bodhisattva and Jiyue are carved between the corner pillars. The third floor is also octagonal in shape, with lotus on the bottom and a circle of corridors carved on the top. Each side is divided into three rooms, with steps carved in the Ming Dynasty. Each room is engraved with a relief of the story of Buddha Bensheng.

On Xumi mountain, there is the main body of the Sutra building, which is divided into six sections, all of which are octagonal. In the first section, 18 characters are engraved on the front of the building, namely "reverence for the earth, water and land, reverence for the Buddha's top, reverence for the Buddha's top, reverence for the Buddha's top", and regular script scriptures are engraved on the other seven sides and the second and third sections of the building, with strong strokes and strict structure, which is an excellent calligraphy work. 4、 Wujiezhuang is full of Buddhist figures and stories of economic changes. In the sixth section, there is an octagonal pavilion on the top of the building, on which a peach shaped copper flame pagoda is placed.

The tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou is constructed in multi-storey form, with reasonable design, symmetrical proportion and progressive shrinkage from bottom to top. Originally, the stone building was mainly based on carving scriptures, but this stone building has changed into a stone carving art, in which the Scriptures are not prominent. It is recognized as a masterpiece of stone carving art in the academic and artistic circles. The sculpture of the whole Sutra building is rich in connotation and exquisite in workmanship.

Cultural relics

overview

Located in the north and facing south, the tuoluojing building in Zhaozhou is composed of a base, a building body and a jewel on the top of the building. It is a multi-layer structure with eight edges and seven levels in total. Each section is carved and built with a single boulder.

Pedestal

The bottom platform is 1.9 meters high, the bottom side is about 7.35 meters long, and the top side is about 6.1 meters long. Han white jade lotus stone pillars support the platform base. Around the platform base are carved Lotus Garden pillars, various flowers, Buddha statues and local human scenes.

On the base is the octagonal waist xumizuo, which is divided into two layers: on the first layer, there are eight Lotus Garden pillars carved on each of the eight corners of the waist, and the waist is divided into eight rectangular lattices, in which there are three lotus seated Bodhisattvas; on the second layer, each side of the waist is divided into three stone garden pillars, with a total of 24 rooms on eight sides The Buddha statues in different quantities are carved with fairy mountains, pagodas and corridors in several halls in the north. On the second floor of xumizuo, there are carved Panlong. On the top of Panlong, there are eight Xumishan mountains, holding the first section of buildings. On Xumishan, there are carved temples, pagodas, clouds, trees, animals and so on. The climbing path is looming. Believers and believers are trying to climb the mountain to worship the Buddhas.

Building body

The body of the building is octagonal stone column, the bottom is Baoshan, engraved with dragon and palace. Three octagonal pillars full of the toronic scriptures are superimposed on them. Then there are octagonal niches, Panlong short pillars and plain short pillars, which have six layers. The upper part of each floor is a circle of carved ornaments: the lower two floors are octagonal wreaths with lotus on the top; the third floor is octagonal City que with four stories of Sakyamuni's journey; the fourth floor is the eaves with Dougong, which forms an octagonal hall with its Buddhist niche; the fifth floor is octagonal ornaments; the sixth floor is roof ornaments. The diameter and height of the pillars of each floor decrease upward, and the carving belts of each floor decrease gradually. The carving becomes simple from complex to simple, forming the building body.

In the first section, on the front (south side) of the building, 18 characters of seal script are engraved on the first part of the building, including "reverence for the earth, water and land, reverence for the Buddha's top, reverence for the tuoroni building", and the second part is engraved with the preface of the tuoroni Sutra. The title and congratulatory speech are all in the original script. The first section of the carving is divided into three layers: the first layer is the eaves, also known as Huayi. Huayi has eight sides, with dragon head, Tassels and hanging curtains. On each side of the hanging curtain, there are two flying Buddha statues riding on birds and animals. Eight flying Apsaras are carved on the bottom of the eaves. Eight lotus flowers are engraved on the eight corners; on the second floor, four elephant heads and four epidemic features are engraved on the eight corners of the canopy (legendary beast, also known as lion, this refers to stone lion), which hang in the air and stretch out in all directions. According to the seventh volume of the great wisdom theory, "the Buddha is a lion in man. Besides the Buddha, if the bed is like the ground, it is called Leo". Later, the king also sits in Leo. The lion is fearless among the quadrupeds and can conquer everything. So is the Buddha. Buddha in 96 kinds of Tao, subdue all fearless, hence the name: "lion in man". As a result, there are lion heads on the buildings, indicating the majesty of the Buddha. The third layer is the inverted rosette. Each lotus petal is engraved with a Buddha statue. The rosette holds the second section of the building.

The second section is divided into two layers. The upper layer is the lotus seat, and the lower layer is the canopy. Its carving decoration is basically similar to that of the canopy Yanglian above the first section, except that there is no Buddha statue on the petals of Yanglian. Just to the south of the building, there are thirty-six characters engraved with "the Buddha says that the Buddha's top Buddha shines, but how much divine power can take all the charms.".

In the third section, the title on the right side of the front: "the Buddha says that he can get the Dharani mantra of great freedom as soon as he asks for it.". The other faces were engraved with regular script scriptures. Ji engraved: "fundamental mantra, all Buddha's heart mantra, heart mantra, Ayu Buddha's God mantra Sutra", a total of four items, cover all big in the Buddha. It is an excellent calligraphy work with vigorous writing, natural and unrestrained fluency and well-organized structure. It carves an octagonal city with single eaves at each corner. It carves four patterns of horse riding tour in front of the four gates of East, West, South and North, which is the four gates of Prince's tour. The bottom of the eaves is carved with figures, flowers and other patterns.

The fourth section is the stone arch single eaves building with imitation wood structure. The octagonal stone pillars of the building are carved with doors and windows on the eight planes, and the doors and windows are engraved with Buddhist stories such as the goddess of sending children.

The fifth section of the eight sides of the building, each carved a big King Kong Li, with a stout figure, open chest and abdomen, hair, face full of ferocity, eyes wide open, some with one hand, some with both hands, some with the top of the head, and some with shoulder and back posture to support the upper eaves; for octagonal Huayi, carved eight series of patterns of Sakyamuni's cultivation and Buddhahood, there are Sakyamuni's teachings The pictures include: the picture of reclining Buddha (morbid picture), the picture of entering the coffin, the picture of burning the coffin (cremation), the picture of the soul ascending to heaven, the picture of welcoming the soul, the picture of worshiping the pagoda and the picture of becoming a Buddha. The most delicate carving is the picture of reclining Buddha, in which the Buddhist monk lay on his side on the bed with his disciples guarding him.

The sixth section is the octagonal pavilion on the first floor. Above the octagonal pavilion is a brake. The brake seat is a lotus pot. The body of the building is engraved with the words "September of Xinwei in the fifth year of Longqing", which is a record of the reconstruction in the Ming Dynasty.

Baoding

Baoding is composed of Yanglian, Fubo and tonghuozhu

Chinese PinYin : Tuo Luo Ni Jing Zhuang