Baima Lake

Baima Lake

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

to examine

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Malai lake, formerly known as Malai lake, is located in Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province. It is a water system lake on the left bank of the lower reaches of the Huaihe River. It looks like a wild white horse. It is located in the north of Gaoyou Lake and the south of Hongze Lake, covering an area of 113.4 square kilometers, including 92.1 square kilometers in Huai'an City. It is 17.8 km long from north to South and 6.4 km wide from east to west. It has a total length of 77.8 kilometers of levees around the lake, including 66 kilometers in Huai'an City. The lake is 6.5 meters above sea level and has a water storage capacity of 105 million cubic meters.

geographical environment

Huaian Baima Lake, a poetic dwelling, falls into the territory of Huai'an City, which is known as "Jin Wu leads Chu people to travel more, and the most magnificent southeast state". It is surrounded by four counties, namely Huai'an District, Hongze, Jinhu, and BAOYING. It is 18 kilometers away from the urban area, 23 kilometers away from Huai'an District, 16 kilometers away from Hongze County, 10 kilometers away from Jinhu County, and 18 kilometers away from Baoying County Located in the north of Gaoyou Lake and the south of Hongze Lake, it covers an area of 108 square kilometers, with an altitude of 6.5 meters and a water storage capacity of 105 million cubic meters. Today, the elevation of the lake bottom is 5.0-5.5 meters, and the lake area is 110 square kilometers, including 31 square kilometers in Huai'an City. It has the advantages of irrigation, shipping and aquatic products.

Baima Lake belongs to ancient lagoon accumulation and Huanghuai alluvial plain. It was originally connected with the river channel, Baoying Lake and Gaoyou Lake

Farmers along the lake often suffer from floods. In 1956, Baima Lake was separated from Baoying Lake and became an inner lake. The main rivers into Baima Lake are Wenshan River, Xinhe River, Yongji River, Xunhe River, Caoze River, Shanyang River, Taoyuan River, Xiangliang River, Huahe River, etc. the rivers out of Baima Lake are Xinhe River, Yunxi River, Baima Lake diversion River, Ruanqiao River, etc. the water is drained out through Huaian No.1 station, Huaian No.2 station, beiyunxi sluice, Baima Lake crossing ground culvert, Zhenhu sluice and Ruanqiao sluice

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Baima Lake in Huai'an City is located in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River Basin, on the southeast edge of Huai'an City, about 30 kilometers away from the main urban area of Huai'an City. Baima Lake is located in the north subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, abundant rainfall, short frost period and other characteristics. The general trend of topography is higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast. The ground elevation is generally 5-10m. The resources in the area are unique, the ecological background conditions are good, the water level in the lake area changes slightly, and the aquatic animal and plant resources are rich

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Historical evolution

Baima Lake has always been an important waterway connecting north and south. In 486 B.C., when Fu Chai, the king of Wu, was in charge of the expedition, he called migrant workers to dig Hangou to connect the Yangtze River with the Huaihe River. Baima Lake is a part of the ancient road of Hangou.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chen Deng was the prefect of Guangling. Out of military need, he also organized migrant workers to dig a Malai ditch between Jinhu (Jieshou Lake) and Baima Lake, so that Jinhu can reach Baima Lake directly. At that time, it was the West Road of Hangou.

In 1194, the Yellow River moved southward and gradually became a lake.

In 1855, the Yellow River moved northward, and the water from Huaihe River no longer flowed into Baima Lake, so the water level of Baima Lake became stable.

In 1957, Baima Lake was divided into Baoying Lake and Baima Lake.

Cultural legend

Human history

Liu Yuxi, a famous poet of Tang Dynasty, once went boating here, leaving his poem "a journey of picking water from the water" in praise of Baima Lake. Sadula, a great poet of Yuan Dynasty, visited Baima Lake, and wrote "spring water is full of reeds, carp is blowing waves, and wind is fishy.". In the late Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhengzhong, a gifted scholar of Baoying, wrote the poem "Baima Lake:" in Baima Lake, the frost and the moon spread, and the fishing boat was leaning on Jialu. Net to cancer fat as jade, is willing to beg the king this lake.

Myths and legends

Baima Lake and Hangou ancient road -- speaking of Baima Lake, there is a beautiful legend here. It is said that one year, among the Jade Emperor's 30 magic horses, one white horse went down to the earth without permission and became a delicate scholar. He named Ma Congxian and came to the small market town where the White Horse Lake is located. Ma Congxian is intelligent, erudite and helpful. He is admired by the residents of the small town. He married the lotus fairy who came down from the white horse. He loved each other and had a good talk in the small town. Later, when the imperial court counted the royal horses, it found that a white horse was missing. The imperial envoy went to the world to find the whereabouts of the white horse. When the jade emperor heard of his anger, he ordered Lei Gongshan to catch him. Ma Congxian was hit by lightning, and he was so hurt that he rolled all over the ground. The lotus fairy was also captured by the queen mother. She saw the strong wind and the torrential rain, and the ground became a land of water. The kind-hearted lotus fairy couldn't bear to see it. She threw down the 100 lotus seeds in the lotus seed pod, which saved her life. As a result, 99 of them fell into the lake and turned into 99 islands. The people climbed up the islands and avoided being submerged by the lake. Only then did the local villagers know that this kind-hearted scholar came down from heaven. In order to thank Baima and his wife for their kindness, the villagers of ninety-nine villages joined hands to pray for the Jade Emperor's forgiveness. The Jade Emperor was not moved by the righteous deeds of the villagers. However, the smoke from the 99 villages was so thick that Lei Gong was fascinated by it. Ma Congxian took the opportunity to escape and turned into a lake of autumn water, and remained in the world forever (99 of the 100 lotus seeds left by the lotus fairy turned into islands, and the other one remained in the World). In memory of Baima, people call this lake "Baima Lake".

There are ninety-nine islands on Baima Lake, named ninety-nine piers. Ninety nine piers seem to be connected but not connected. They seem to be broken but not broken. From a distance, they look like fish. From a close view, they look like mountains. On the island, the cooking smoke curls and the reeds are swaying, just like a quiet water town painting. If you go to a small island and live a fisherman's life, it will be very interesting to fish with fishermen in loose nets, catch shrimps in cages, pick water chestnut and chicken head, listen to Fisherman's songs, watch fisherman's dance and eat a hot fisherman's meal.

The water quality of Baima Lake is pure and there is almost no industrial pollution, so the fish, shrimp and crabs produced here are delicious, especially the yellow feet and tender meat of crabs. There is a well-known "Fisherman's Feast" here. All the dishes come out of the lake. The lake water is very delicious. After tasting, it makes you feel fragrant and unforgettable. Gu Fuhai, a famous poet and Deputy Secretary of the Party group of the China Federation of literary and art circles, once came here to collect wind and taste the "Fisherman's Feast". After tasting the "Fisherman's Feast", he wrote a poem praising: "the fisherman's feast is full of freshness, which really opens the eyes of the city people who come from afar." Braised black carp with soy sauce, stewed silver carp with eggs, white fish with fish balls, black fish with fish fillets, turtle stewed in a pot, prawns filled the bowl. A table full of dishes out of the lake, needless to say eat, smell also fragrant through the liver and gall If you eat a fisherman's feast once in your life, you will no longer be greedy.

The origin of the name

About the origin of the name of Baima Lake, there is a popular myth in the Baima Lake Basin

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According to legend, long ago, Baima Lake was not called Baima Lake, but guangdai lake. Once upon a time, a geographer passed by guangdai lake and saw that the water was white. He pointed out that there was a white horse at the bottom of the lake. If he wanted to get the white horse, he had to have a comb passed down to three generations. One day at noon, Mr. geography was tired and thirsty, so he asked a family by the road for water. As he drank and looked, he saw a comb on the table. He recognized it as a treasure comb and offered a high price for it. The owner said, "this comb has been handed down to my family for several generations. Our ancestors once said that it will not be sold no matter how much money we pay. We won't sell it to you. " So the husband told the master that the comb could lead the white horse up at the bottom of the lake. However, my husband only talked about how to lead the white horse, but he didn't tell him what to do after the white horse was led up. Later, the owner of the family went to lead the white horse according to the way the husband said. The master rowed the boat, tied the comb with silk thread and put it into the water. After a while, there was a big spray on the lake. Then a white horse came running to the boat on the waves and held on to the comb. The owner of the house was so scared that he didn't know what to do now. The horse got closer and closer to the boat, and the waves got bigger and bigger. The boat bumped on the crest of the waves. The owner was afraid that the boat would turn over. He dropped the silk thread and comb and rowed for his life. Then the white horse sank to the bottom of the lake. From then on, the white horse never came up again. Later, people renamed guangdai Lake Baima Lake.

The significance of protection

Conservation planning

Baima Lake has been selected into the national key rivers and lakes protection plan, and is the only one in Jiangsu Province. In the next three years, the state will allocate 5 billion yuan of special funds every year to support the final 15 key lakes. The success of Baima Lake indicates that the protection and development of Baima Lake has officially entered the strategic support of the state.

Environment is the most scarce resource, and ecology is the most precious wealth. Baima Lake is one of the top ten lakes in Jiangsu Province. It is an important transit Lake in the upper reaches of the East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. It is also the second drinking water source in the central area of Huai'an City.

According to the spatial development plan of the area around Baima Lake in Huai'an City, the functional orientation of the area around Baima Lake is: the famous lakeside eco-tourism and leisure resort base in the Yangtze River Delta, the important ecological protection and conservation area in the province, the emerging functional area in the south of Huai'an metropolitan area, and the demonstration area of urban-rural integration development. The plan focuses on the cultivation of high-end leisure vacation, high-level business exhibition, high-end production services, ecological tourism, wetland science education, sports and recreation, large-scale self driving tour base, water sports base, cultural R & D and creativity

Chinese PinYin : Bai Ma Hu