National Central University

National Central University

National Central University, founded in Nanjing, is the highest institution of learning in China during the period of the Republic of China. It is also the largest university with the most complete department and the largest scale in the National University of the Republic of China.

The modern history of National Central University began in Sanjiang normal school in 1902. In 1921, Guo Bingwen, a famous modern educator, advocated the establishment of "National Southeast University" on the basis of Nanjing Normal University, which became the only two comprehensive universities in China at that time. On May 16, 1928, "Jiangsu University" was renamed "National Central University". In 1937, it moved to Chongqing, Chengdu and other places to run a school, which was historically known as "Chongqing Central University". On November 1, 1946, the demobilized Central University opened in Nanjing, with 7 colleges, 43 departments and 26 research institutes of science, engineering, medicine, agriculture, arts, law and normal education.

On August 8, 1949, the National Central University was renamed "National Nanjing University" upon the notice of the Nanjing Military Regulatory Commission. On October 10, 1950, according to the notice of the Ministry of education in East China, the name of the University was changed from "national" to "Nanjing University". In 1952, during the adjustment of colleges and departments in the whole country, the Institute of technology remained in the former four archways of National Central University and merged with other schools to establish Nanjing Institute of technology, which is now Southeast University; the College of Arts and science moved to the Drum Tower of Jinling University and merged with the College of Arts and science of Jinling University, which is still named Nanjing University, inheriting the archives of the former National Central University and its predecessor As the main body, the relevant departments established or participated in the establishment of more than 10 colleges and universities, and developed into today's Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Normal University, Hehai University, Nanjing Forestry University, Northwest University of technology, Fourth Military Medical University, East China University of political science and law, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Nanjing University of technology, Shanghai Institute of physical education, etc.

In 1962, the Institute of Geophysics of Central University was established in Taiwan in the name of "restoration"; in 1968, it was renamed the school of science of Central University; in July 1979, it was renamed the Central University

.

School profile

National Central University was founded in Nanjing in the late Qing Dynasty. Its name and evolution have changed several times. After the government of the Republic of China established its capital in Nanjing in 1928, it was named National Central University.

The National Central University originated from Sanjiang normal school, which was established in 1902. In 1905, it was renamed Liangjiang superior normal school, which was closed after the 1911 Revolution. In 1914, Nanjing Higher Normal School was built at the original site of Liangjiang excellent normal school, and the school began in 1915. In 1921, the Southeast University was founded by the specialized subject groups of Nanjing Normal University. In 1923, Nanjing Normal University was incorporated into the University. In 1927, the National Southeast University and other nine colleges in Jiangsu Province merged into the national fourth Sun Yat sen University. In 1928, it was renamed Jiangsu University and the National Central University in the same year. "National Central University" is the most important institution of higher learning in China during the period of the Republic of China. It is also the largest university with the most complete departments and disciplines in the National University of the Republic of China.

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, the National Central University moved westward to Chongqing. In 1946, it was also located in Nanjing. On November 1, 1946, the demobilized Central University began its classes. After the liberation of Nanjing in 1949, the Central University changed its name to Nanjing University. In 1952, in the process of the adjustment of colleges and departments across the country, Nanjing University merged with Jinling University, which was founded in 1888. It was still named Nanjing University (carrying the archives of the former Central University to the former Drum Tower of Jinling University). The independent colleges and departments that were set up one after another developed into Southeast University (located in the former four archways of Central University) Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Normal University, Hehai University, Nanjing Forestry University, Northwest University of technology, Fourth Military Medical University, East China University of political science and law, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu University, Nanjing University of technology, Shanghai Institute of physical education, etc.

In 1962, with the approval of the Taiwan authorities, the Institute of Geophysics of Central University was established in Taiwan in the name of "restoration"; in 1968, it was renamed the school of science of Central University; in July 1979, it was renamed the Central University.

Historical evolution

Ancient part

According to the history of Central University, the school was founded in 1915. Its predecessor can be traced back to the school founded in the period of the Three Kingdoms. According to the evolution history of "National Central University" before Nanjing University was renamed, the ancient history of Central University began in 258 ad (the first year of Yongan in the east of the Three Kingdoms) when Dr. Sun Xiu Zhaoli established the school of five classics. It passed through the Imperial College of Nanjing in Jin Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were five subjects, namely literature, history, Confucianism, metaphysics and Yin Yang In the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing was the highest institution of learning in the world. It was set up in the vicinity of Confucius Temple on the Bank of Qinhuai River and at the foot of qintian mountain. In the non capital period of Jinling, it was changed from the central imperial college to the local institution of learning in Nanjing, such as the county school, the road school or the government school. In 1650, it was changed into the Ningfu school in Qingjiang. (see Nanjing Taixue for details)

Sanjiang normal school, Liangjiang Normal School

In May 1902 (the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, and Liu Kun, governor of Liangjiang, always played the book "book of preparing schools" by the Qing government, and petitioned the governor of Liangjiang to prepare the normal school in Jiangning (Nanjing). In the same year, Sanjiang normal school began to prepare for the construction, which opened the precedent of Nanjing's modern higher education. On February 5, 1903, Zhang Zhidong published the book "creating Sanjiang normal school". He planned to "set up a large normal school first, which is the overall program of school affairs". He recruited students from Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces to train teachers in primary and secondary schools. In March, Sanjiang normal school was set up by Jiangning government office. It began to hire teachers and build school buildings, with Yang Jinggui, Jiangsu Province as its supervisor. In the same month, Wei Guangtao succeeded the governor of Liangjiang, Sanjiang normal school was successfully completed in his term, and the source of funding was implemented. On November 26, 1904, Sanjiang normal school officially opened. The school is located in the south of the Arctic Pavilion. In addition to enrolling 32 three-year junior Normal Undergraduates and 187 two-year accelerated subjects to cultivate primary school teaching, the school also enrolls 172 four-year Higher Normal Undergraduates to prepare for the selection of teachers in secondary schools. The disciplines include physical and chemical department (later renamed as physical and chemical Mathematics Department), natural history department (later renamed as natural history and Agriculture Department) and history and geography department (later renamed as national literature, history and Geography Department), teaching history and geography, literature, mathematics, physics, chemistry, natural history, physiology, agriculture, education and other courses.

In 1906, Sanjiang normal school changed its name to Liangjiang Normal School. Li Ruiqing served as the supervisor (president) of Liangjiang Normal School. The Department of drawing and handicraft was added. The Junior Normal School was suspended, the superior normal school was set up, and the Classification Department was added.

With the motto of "chew root, do great things", we vigorously advocated science, Sinology and art education, created the art department in Colleges and universities, and cultivated the first generation of modern art teachers and art talents for China. After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Liangjiang Normal School was closed, occupied by warlords, and changed into a military camp, which was continued in 1914.

Nanjing Normal University

On August 30, 1914, Han Guojun, the governor of Jiangsu Province, appointed president Jiang Qian to organize Nanjing Higher Normal School. "The former Liangjiang Normal School in Jiangsu Province dropped out because of the rise of the army, but now the overall situation has been decided, and it is urgent for the province to continue to run it to reserve teachers." the Liangjiang Normal School was reformed and became Nanjing Higher Normal School.

On September 10, 1915, Nanjing Normal University officially opened and established China's first physical education department, which was the beginning of China's higher physical education and created China's modern physical education. In 1916, a special department of technology was set up. In 1917, the first English major was set up in China, and agricultural major and commercial major were added. In 1918, a special education department was established. In October 1918, the Chinese Science Society was established in the South Normal University, which is known as "the base of modern science in China" and "the birthplace of Natural Science in China". In the early days of modern science in China, more than half of the Chinese scientists who published their research results in the world's top scientific journals were teachers or graduates of Nanjing Normal University. English Department was established in 1920, which is one of the earliest English departments in Chinese universities. In 1921, the business department moved to Shanghai and expanded into a Business University. It is the first business school in China and has trained the earliest senior business and financial talents for China.

In 1920, Nanjing Normal University "planned to build Nanjing University on the site of Nanjing Normal University and the former site of Nanyang Business Association, so as to build a great university"; since then, the normal university has been transformed into a university, named "National Southeast University", and the four specialized subjects of Education, agriculture, industry and Commerce of Nanjing Normal University have been transferred to Dongda, while other undergraduate courses are still handled by Nanjing Normal University. Guo Bingwen is the president of National Nanjing Normal University and National Southeast University at the same time. Liu Boming is the director of Arts and science and deputy director of the president's office.

(see "Nanjing Normal University" for details)

national southeastern university

In 1921, the famous modern educator Guo Bingwen initiated the establishment of "National Southeast University" on the basis of Nanjing Normal University, which became the only two comprehensive universities in China at that time. After the establishment of National Southeast University, Dongda enrolled students, but Nangao no longer enrolled students

Chinese PinYin : Guo Li Zhong Yang Da Xue