Shiquan River

Shiquan river is called Senge Zangbu in Tibetan. The upper source of the Indus River is one of the major rivers in the Western Tibet Autonomous Region. The glacier lake, which originates from the north of Gangrenboqi peak, the main peak of Gangdise mountain, flows from south to north to the vicinity of bangba, turns to the west, converges with garzangbu near zhaxigang by Geji, turns to the northwest and flows into Kashmir.

Shiquan River

Shiquan River: the Chinese transliteration of sengezangbu in Tibetan area is sengezangbu, and the free translation is Shiquan river or Shikou river. It is the source of the Indus River and one of the major rivers in the Western Tibet Autonomous Region. The glacier lake, which originates from the north of Gangrenboqi peak, the main peak of Gangdise mountain, flows from south to north to the vicinity of bangba, turns to the west, passes Geji Town, reaches Shiquanhe basin, and then flows into the garzangbu area near zhaxigang Township, turns to the northwest and flows into Ladakh area.

The west is like a spring river.

Name problem: free translation gives the animals in the desolate Ali plateau the impression of people all over the country. It is also convenient to remember and becomes a kind of customary name.

geographical position

Shiquan River: the Chinese transliteration of sengezangbu in Tibetan area is sengezangbu, which means Shikou river or Shiquan river. It is 405 km long in China, with a drainage area of 2745 square kilometers.

The upstream section from the source to Geji town is about 152 km long with a drop of 646 M. it flows through sengkaba and is supplied by the spring river which flows all the year round on the right bank. Because the mountain where the spring water is located looks like a lion, it is called Shiquan river.

Geji town to zhaxigang township is located in the middle reaches, about 173 km long. The middle reaches is kuangu, with Shiquanhe basin.

Below zhaxigang is the downstream section, which is about 87 km long, and the downstream section has about 10 km long rapids.

Shiquan river has seven main tributaries, the largest of which is garzangbo, about 155 km long. Shiquan river basin is located in semi desert and desert area, with dry climate and less rain. Mainly animal husbandry. Shiquanhe Town, located at the intersection of Shiquanhe and garzangbo, is the residence of the administrative office of Ali Region.

River flow direction

From Geji to zhaxigang is the middle reach with a length of about 173 km, a drop of 299 m and an average gradient of 1.9%. The middle reach is a wide valley with a width of 30-50 m and a water depth of 0.5-1 M. below zhaxigang is the lower reach with a length of about 87 km, a drop of 319 m and an average gradient of 3.7%. There is a surge beach with a length of about 10 km in the lower reach with an average gradient of 14% and 42% in some sections. Shiquan river has seven main tributaries, the largest of which is garzangbo, about 155 km long. The flood season occurs in August, with the characteristics of steep rise and steep fall. The average flow in August accounted for 32% of the whole year, with an average annual runoff of 300 million cubic meters. Shiquan river basin is located in semi desert and desert area, with dry climate and less rain. The precipitation in August accounted for 40% of the whole year. From November to May of the next year is the windy season. From March to may, there are strong winds and short frost free period. The river is dominated by animal husbandry. In addition to receiving rainwater and ice melt water, the groundwater recharge accounts for a large proportion, accounting for about 67% of the annual runoff. The annual distribution and interannual variation of runoff are relatively stable. The average annual water temperature of the river is 3 ℃, and the river has a long freezing period. Generally, the bank ice appears at the end of October, and it will melt completely in the middle and late April of the next year, and the river will freeze from December to February of the next year.

Shiquan river flows from southeast to northwest and joins another important tributary from the northern foot of Himalayas near zhaxigang border station in China, resulting in a great increase in water volume. When it enters India controlled Kashmir, it is the Indus River, the longest river in South Asia. The Indus River is 3180 km long and about 500 km long in China. It flows through India and Pakistan and then into the Indian Ocean. In the journey to the west, Shiquan river is called Tongtian River.

The origin of the name

Shiquanhe Town, the administrative office of Ali Prefecture in Tibet, is located at the intersection of Guoshi highway and Xinzang highway. In 1964, with the opening of Xinzang highway, the town with the highest altitude in China rose on Hongliutan in the basin with an altitude of more than 4300 meters. As the Shiquan River, which originated in the Gangdise mountains, flows along the Hongliutan, the beautiful and loud name of Shiquan River becomes the name of this new town.

Sengezangbu in Tibetan area is transliterated as sengezangbu in Chinese, which means Shiquan river or Shikou River in free translation. From 1951 to February 1979, Ali area was entrusted by Xinjiang (returned to Tibet on March 7, 1979). Some names are translated freely, which gives people the impression of animals in the desolate Ali plateau (some areas are hundreds of miles desolate and uninhabited) in the whole country, and also gives them the memory (such as Shiquanhe, xiangquanhe, Kongquehe, maquanhe and Daban) have their own advantages in transliteration and free translation.

Water quality of water system

The snowy water of Gangdise mountain and Himalaya mountain in quanhehui basin has a large flow. It passes through high mountains and deep valleys with narrow riverbed and cliffs on both sides, forming many rapids and dangerous shoals. When it flows between Shiquanhe town and zhaxigang Township, it enters the Shiquanhe basin. The terrain becomes relatively flat and the water flow slows down gradually, which forms the alluvial plain near Shiquanhe River and the plateau between the western Himalayas and the Western Gangdise The last lush red willow beach is a special gift from nature to Ali. Most of the places where Shiquan river flows are no man's land, and the river is not polluted, so the water is clear to the bottom. Even in the water depth of four or five meters, the fish in the water and the stones at the bottom of the river can be seen clearly on the bank.

environmental problems

But before long, the residential area of Shiquanhe basin has a new pronoun - "desert city". The vast red willows that used to "submerge" the sheep have disappeared. Instead, they are the sandstorms that "submerge" the city buildings. The terrible sandstorms are like demons. They not only disturb and destroy the communication and power equipment here, but also almost bury and move The office building of Gar county government in Shiquan river has seriously affected the production and life of residents.

"These are all stupid mistakes we made at that time," said Bu Qiong, a 53 year old retired cadre who has experienced the urban construction of Shiquanhe. He said that when Shiquan river was built in the early 1960s, people only paid attention to production and construction, and did not pay attention to ecological and environmental protection at all. They even cut down almost all the red willows here.

After all, human beings did not escape the punishment of nature when they cut down red willows crazily. Later, there were sandstorms all over Shiquan river. In order to deal with the sandstorm, the local people had to wear military caps and face masks, and all of them were "armed".

Ali prefectural Party committee and administrative office began to pay attention to the ecological and environmental protection construction of Shiquanhe. They invited experts from Lanzhou Desert Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences to inspect the sand control work of Shiquanhe town twice, and the experts completed the sand control plan and planning.

Since 1998, Ali Region has invested 24 million yuan to harness the desert, planted 2100 mu of Xinjiang jujube, Bangong willow and other trees in the suburb of Shiquanhe Town, planted more than 1.4 million trees, and planted 13000 mu of forage, effectively improving the local harsh natural environment.

local customs and practices

It is located at the intersection of Shiquan River and Xinjiang Tibet highway. Although the permanent population of the town is only over 10000, Ali is the most prosperous place in the sparsely populated area. Shiqu Ziren said: "more than 30 years ago, it was still a barren beach. Only the red willows along the river banks were dotted with vitality. In winter and spring, some herdsmen came to collect their herds and became the earliest floating population." In 1964, with the opening of the Xinzang highway, China's highest city rose in this wasteland with an altitude of more than 4300 meters. To travel, it is suggested to bring anti altitude reaction products.

Walking along the streets of Shiquan River, various shops and restaurants are lined up, and the "national live phone" sign with white background and red letter is often seen. People with mobile phones are everywhere. The red Xiali taxi runs through the main street. It costs 5 yuan to get on the taxi. The drivers said that Xiali were all brought in by trucks, otherwise they could not get in or out of Shiquanhe town by their own wheels. Although Shiquanhe town is a lonely grassland Town, people have begun to bid farewell to the lifestyle of "working at sunrise and resting at sunset". With the opening of the cable TV network aided by Shaanxi and Hebei provinces, people in today's towns can choose to watch more than 20 TV programs at 7 pm. At night, the streets of Shiquan River are brightly lit, and songs come from various Tibetan bars and nightclubs. People can have delicious supper in the town at any time.

Once upon a time, "it's hard to eat vegetables" was a big problem for the cadres and masses in Shiquanhe. However, with the development of market economy, vegetables from Yecheng and Lhasa in Xinjiang continue to enter, which greatly changes the situation of Shiquanhe. In the newly built Shiquanhe comprehensive vegetable market, there are more than 40 kinds of fruits and vegetables in more than 90 stalls. In order to improve the life of the residents, Ali has invested 760000 yuan since 1998 to build 120 mu of open-air vegetable fields and more than 500 square meters of glass greenhouses in Shiquanhe Town, with an annual output of more than 280000 kg of vegetables. Shiquanhe has invested 3.5 million yuan to build 32 glass greenhouses with an area of 200 square meters. After completion, the output of vegetables will increase by 1.38 million kg, which can fundamentally solve the problem of eating vegetables in the air city.

Chinese PinYin : Shi Quan He