The great wall beyond the Great Wall

The great wall beyond the Great Wall

The Great Wall is about 4 km west of zhenbianbao in Yanggao County, and enters the boundary of Yuandun village in Datong City. The basic direction of the Great Wall in Datong City is: from Yuandun to the west, through zhenchuankou to hongcikou. Then divided into two roads, Datong City jurisdiction of the north and south two great wall, a total of about 105 km.

Basic trend

According to Hua Xiazi's research on the great wall of Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall is about 4 kilometers west from zhenbianbao, Yanggao County, and enters the boundary of Yuandun village, Datong City. The basic direction of the Great Wall in Datong City is: from Yuandun to the west, through zhenchuankou to hongcikou. Then the main great wall turns northward from hongcibao, passes hedongyao, crosses Yinmahe River, and turns to Zhenqiang fort in the West. Then it goes from Zhenqiang fort to shisanbian by jujuqiang pass, jumenkou and zhumakou, turns southward from shisanbian Great Wall to zhuanlougou, and continues southward, leaving Datong City and entering Zuoyun County. The other is from hongcibao to Zuoyun, passing Xinrong and Bolu to wushiyao and entering Zuoyun.

Architectural features

As a defensive military building, the Great Wall is inextricably linked with nature and war. Looking at the outer Great Wall of Shanxi today, it is the provincial boundary with Inner Mongolia. This boundary shows the difference between the agricultural people and the nomadic people. As long as you open the map of the Ming Dynasty, you can see that this foreign minister's city is the "border" at that time. The rise and fall of the Great Wall represents the rise and fall of the Ming Dynasty for 300 years. In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to fight against the remaining branches of Mongolia, the Ming army attacked many times and built the Great Wall along the front line. The important parts of the city are packed with rammed earth and stones, and equipped with enemy platforms, fortresses, and passes. At the same time, the system of garrison stations for long-term hereditary military service is established along the border, which enables them to guard the border for generations. After Chengzu of Ming Dynasty moved to Beijing, the emperors built the inner Great Wall as the second line of defense to protect their own safety.

Main attractions

Yanmen: Six scenes of the great wall beyond the great wall of Shanxi

Yanmenguan, also known as yanmengsai and xixingguan, is located on the throat of Guangwu city in Shanyin county. After taking a bus to Shanyin county and driving southeast for about half an hour, you will see the undulating and Ravine Gouzhu mountains. At the foot of the mountain, there are hundreds of mounds of mound like tombs of the Han Dynasty, about 15 meters high and about 4 meters low, winding and scattered in the wilderness. In these tombs, the remains of Yanmen guards of Han Dynasty are buried. Out of Guangwu City, go along the Tongtai highway and enter a gorge, which is called Yanmen pass dangerous road. There are many peaks on both sides of the road, and the strange masters are dangerous in the air. Over a steep ridge, Yanmen pass appears in front of you.

Yanmen pass is adjacent to Xingling mountain and Yanmen mountain in the East and Xingshan mountain in the West. The two mountains face each other and form a quemen gate. Geese fly there every year, so it is called Yanmen pass. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, King Wuling of Zhao set up Yanmen County here. In the Tang Dynasty, he set up the pass, which was called Xixing pass, also known as Yanmen pass. The former site is on the Yanmen mountain to the west of Yanmen pass. In 1374 A.D., Lu Ting, Marquis of Ji'an, moved Guancheng here and rebuilt it.

Yanmenguan city has a perimeter of 2 li, a wall height of 1 Zhang and 8 feet, a stone base, and three gates. On the east gate, there is a building called Yanlou, which is inlaid with a stone plaque on the front of the gate. The book says "natural danger". Yang LIULANG temple is built on the west gate. The stone plaque on the front of the gate says "good location". The north gate has no roof. The stone plaque on the front of the gate reads "Yanmen pass", and the brick couplet is inlaid on the left and right, "the three passes are unparalleled, and Jiuzhai respects the first pass". There are barracks in the north of Guancheng and Jingbian temple in the East. The stone tablet in the temple records the great achievements of Li Mu, a famous general of Zhao state, who led his troops to defeat Xiongnu repeatedly. There is a training school in the southeast.

Yanmen pass, Ningwu pass and Piantou pass are the "outer three passes" of the inner Great Wall. There are overlapping peaks, steep cliffs, dense battlements and beacon posts. The East and west sides connect 18 passes, such as laoyingkou, shenchikou, yangfangkou, Dongxing pass, Xixing pass, beiloukou, dashikou, xiaoshikou, malankou, Ruyue pass and huyukou. The terrain is very dangerous and has a long history It's a place where military strategists fight. Li Mu in the Warring States period, Li Guang and Huo Qubing in the Han Dynasty, Yang Guang in the Sui Dynasty, Xue Rengui in the Tang Dynasty, and Yang Ye in the Northern Song Dynasty all fought with Xiongnu, Turk or Liao soldiers here. Their heroic achievements are numerous and vivid. They are well known.

Six scenes of the great wall outside the great wall of Shanxi Province

Guangwu garrison castle is located at the foot of Yanmenguan Great Wall in the south of Shanyin county. It is the throat inside and outside Yanmenguan. According to Gouzhu mountain danger, the tiger is far from the north of the inner Great Wall, so it is called "the key to the North Gate".

There are two old castles in Guangwu. The old one is located in Xixing of Gouzhu, which was built in the Western Han Dynasty and rebuilt in Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty. The new one is located in Dongxing of Gouzhu, which was built in the early Ming Dynasty and called Guangwu city. It was originally used as a garrison residence and later became a folk residence. The two castles guard the East and West xingkou. The situation is very dangerous.

The predecessor of Guangwu castle was the "gouzhusai" built by King Wuling of Zhao in the Warring States period. Guangwu was changed into Yanmen County in Sui Dynasty. During the confrontation between Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty, Song Dynasty occupied Yanmen pass and Liao Dynasty occupied Guangwu city. Guangwu was a Dai County in the Qing Dynasty. During the period of the Republic of China, it was under the jurisdiction of Shanyin county.

Because of its dangerous location, Guangwu garrison Fort controlled 18 important passes. In history, Guangwu garrison fort was an important place for garrison in wars such as Zhao to Loufan, han to Xiongnu, Northern Wei to song, Tang to Turk, song to Liao, song to Jin, Mongolia to Jin and Ming to Mongolia. After defeating Xiongnu in Han Dynasty, Liu Bang went north to Pingcheng to perform "battle of Baideng"; Li Mu in Warring States period, Meng Tian in Qin Dynasty, Li Weihuo in Han Dynasty, Yang Ye in Song Dynasty and Yu Qian in Ming Dynasty all garrisoned here and defeated the enemy by surprise. Therefore, it can be said that Guangwu garrison fort has great historical and military value.

Six scenes of the great wall outside the great wall of Shanxi

Feihu county was called feihukou in ancient times. It is adjacent to Taihang Mountain in the west, the inner Great Wall in the north and Yanshan Mountain in the East. The mountain is steep and the canyon is deep. The gorge is 140 Li long, reaching Yuzhou in the north and Laiyuan in the south. In ancient times, it was called Feihu road. Because it passed Lingqiu, it was also called Lingqiu dangerous road. It is the only main road from the northern Shanxi Plateau to the North China Plain. In this dangerous road, there are many peaks, gorges and ravines, bare bedrock, boulders flying in the air, high mountains and dangerous waters, and it is difficult for people and horses to walk. It's the haunting place of wolves, insects, tigers and leopards. It's said that gods and ghosts will be surprised here, and heroes will worry here. Foxes in the wilderness are too scared to act alone, and they have to rush by in groups, so it's called feihukou. In the mouth, there are also natural passes, cliffs and dangerous mountains. When Yang LIULANG arrived here, he could only ride his horse upside down, so he was named "upside down horse pass". Yang LIULANG fought against the Liao Dynasty at the border, where he built fortresses, barrier walls and beacon posts. In order to encourage the troops stationed at that time, the Ming Court built a "LIULANG stele" on the Maquan mountain in the west of the city, which read "where Yang LIULANG was rejected by the song Dynasty". The mountains of daomaguan are divided into two wings, dark purple and red in color, ancient iron in appearance, strange peaks and rocks in the palm of one's hand, and swords drawn by thousands of people. The green pines and cypresses stand tall and upright, and the mountains are full of flowers. As far back as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was already a tourist attraction.

Six scenes of the great wall outside the Great Wall in Shanxi

Langer village is located 25 kilometers southwest of Shuozhou, also known as chenjiayu or chenjiagu. The gorge is more than 10 Li long, with steep cliffs and rocks. It is used by military strategists since ancient times. Yang Ye, a famous general of the Northern Song Dynasty who fought against Liao Dynasty, died here.

According to folklore, the death of Yang Ye was framed by Pan Hong. It is said that while praising Yang laolinggong's loyalty to his country, it also describes pan Mei as a complete villain. By investigating the history of Song Dynasty, we found that Pan Mei was also a tiger general in the Northern Song Dynasty's war against Liao. Like Yang Ye, pan Mei was promoted to a high position by his military achievements. Pan Mei failed to effectively restrain his subordinates and keep his promise to Yang Ye before the war, so that he was defeated and captured, and died in another country. Therefore, pan Mei really had an unshirkable responsibility for Yang Ye's death. But whether he intentionally framed Yang linggong or not, there is no conclusive evidence in the history of the Song Dynasty. Later generations can not judge what kind of mentality pan Mei was at that time. Perhaps, there will be other reliable historical materials to prove that he was deliberately framed. Otherwise, Yang linggong died unjustly, and some people in Liao state paid for his death, but pan Mei always had to bear the black pot of setting up Zhongliang.

After Yang Ye died for his country, Empress Dowager Xiao of the Liao state built a "Yang linggong Temple" outside the north gate of Gubeikou old city to show his respect (Yang linggong had not been to Gubeikou before he died). There are statues of famous generals of the Yang family in the ancestral hall. The order of their arrangement is different from that of official history, novels and operas.

Six scenes of the great wall outside the Great Wall in Shanxi Province

Shuozhou Han tombs are located in the administrative living area of Pingshuo open-air coal company, 10 miles north of Shuozhou City. In 1983, the National Bureau of cultural relics organized human excavation. There are more than 1500 tombs and more than 15000 cultural relics unearthed, which is the largest Han Tombs group in China.

According to the research, the size of the mound, the depth of the tomb and the shape and scale of the tomb are all determined according to the size of the deceased's official position and the difference between the rich and the poor. Most of the dead were soldiers who were killed in the battle with Xiongnu. Their bodies were covered with iron armor, arrows were clustered in the ribs, their bodies were covered with scars, their tendons were broken, and their burial objects were mainly weapons. Shuozhou, known as Mayi in ancient times, is located between the inner and outer Great Wall, remote control of the outer three fortresses. Han Gaozu fought against Xiongnu in Guangwu and Loufan, Emperor Wendi stationed troops in Guangwu to prepare for Xiongnu, Emperor Wudi sent three generals Li, Wei and Huo to defeat Xiongnu, as well as the famous "battle of Mayi" in history. As a result of the war, there must be a large number of casualties, so there are more Han tombs.

Six views of the great wall outside the Great Wall in Shanxi Province

Pingxingguan is located in the southwest of Lingqiu County and the northeast of Fanshi county. It controls the Zijingguan pass in the East and Yanmenguan pass in the west, which is a part of the inner Great Wall

Chinese PinYin : Sai Wai Zhang Cheng