Pingyin Confucian Temple

Pingyin Confucian Temple

Pingyin Confucian temple is located in the South East corner of the old county in Pingyin County, Jinan City, and the west end of chengfuqian street in Xinxian county. It is about 1km away from the county government in the East. It is the only county-level Confucian temple in the province. It was first built in the four years (1098-1110) from Yuanfu to Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty. After repair and expansion in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it formed a large-scale ancient architectural complex. Today, although the temple has collapsed, the scale of the main building and the garden has been preserved. It is still a complex of blue tiles, red walls, cornices and brackets, reasonable layout and strict structure.

Construction situation

The Confucian temple, located in the north and south, is 198 meters long from north to South and 80 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 1.3 hectares. The layout of the building is divided into three routes: from south to North on the central axis, there are Lingxing gate, Dacheng gate, Dacheng hall, Minglun hall, etc. On the east side, there are Zhongyi temple, Minghuan temple, Wenchang temple, three dynasties palace and Dongzhai. On the west side, there are Jiexiao temple and Xizhai. All around the brick wall, the front of the Berlin Wall, after the garden garden, stone, courtyard well. The main building, Dacheng hall, is 5 rooms wide, 22 meters long, 3 rooms deep, 11.8 meters wide and 11.8 meters high. It is a bucket arch building with heavy beams, a nine ridge roof of Xieshan style and covered with glazed tiles. On the front of the hall, there are six eight ridge high relief stone pillars with clouds, which are very exquisite. In the hall, there are 8 gold pillars (bright pillars) and 10 mud pillars (half in the wall), with tight structure. The layout of the whole complex is reasonable and magnificent. In 1983, the government allocated funds to renovate and repair the Dacheng hall, restoring its original appearance. Although Pingyin Confucian temple has been repaired for several times in the past thousand years, it still retains the architectural style of Song Dynasty.

In recent years, on the East and west sides of the main hall, stone tablets with cultural value, stone sheep, stone beast, stone man and other stone carvings from all over the county have been erected, adding new connotations to the Confucian temple.

On the east side of the Confucian temple, two rows of antique buildings with grey tiles and white walls were built on the original moat and the old site of the city wall. The Confucian temple became the center of this ancient building.

Repair and current situation

The maintenance of the Fuxue Confucian temple in Jinan has come to an end. People are looking forward to the early opening of the new Fuxue Confucian temple. Recently, the reporter came to Pingyin County, where there is a county Confucian temple built in the Northern Song Dynasty (1098-1100 A.D.). This is the only well preserved County Confucian temple in Jinan. The only existing county Confucian temple in Jinan (2010) on May 20, the reporter came to Pingyin County. The county Confucian temple is located at the west end of Fuqian street. You can see the Lingxing gate of the Confucian temple from a long distance. The Lingxing gate is a stone structure with six columns and a stone arch. It is five rooms wide and 18.8 meters wide from east to west. The two stone pillars in the middle are the highest and the two sides are slightly lower. The two pillars are connected by two parallel forehead squares, and the middle forehead square is engraved with relief of two dragons playing with pearls. There are stone lions carved on the head of each stone column and drum stones at the bottom of the column. The door opening between the stone pillars is provided with a wooden fence door. According to reports, the general Confucian temple has Lingxing gate. Lingxing was originally called Lingxing, which is Tiantian star. Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty once stipulated that the God should be worshipped first. In the sixth year of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (A.D. 1028), the outer wall of the suburban platform (the building for sacrificing heaven and earth) was built, and the Lingxing gate was set. Later, it was placed in the Confucius Temple to respect Confucius with the ritual of offering sacrifices to heaven, which means that respecting Confucius is like respecting heaven. When you enter the Lingxing gate, you are faced with a row of buildings, with Dacheng gate in the middle. Dachengmen is not only the main gate to sacrifice Confucius, but also one of the main buildings of Confucian temple. In ancient times, the emperors respected Confucius as a great master of sages and sages, and dachengmen got its name from this. Dacheng facade is three rooms wide and one room deep. It is a single eaves hard mountaintop building with green glazed tube roof tiles. The main ridge of the roof is the flower ridge, the vertical ridge is the rolled grass ridge, the two ends of the main ridge have the positive kiss, and the vertical ridge has the vertical ridge beast and the running beast. To the east of dachengmen is the famous official Temple. The temple is three rooms wide and one room deep, with a front porch. It is a single eaves hard peak building. The main ridge is composed of three sections of flower ridge and two sections of tile ridge. The vertical ridge is rolled grass ridge. The two ends of the main ridge are raised, and the two ends are provided with a front kiss. The vertical ridge is provided with a vertical beast, and there is no running beast. The exterior wall is painted with red paint, the interior wall is painted with white ash, and there are two vertical lattice windows with panel doors in the middle. On the west side of dachengmen is the Xiangxian temple. Its structure is similar to that of Minghuan temple. It is three rooms wide and one room deep. It has a front corridor, a single eaves hard mountaintop building, a black tube tile roof, a flower ridge at the main ridge and a kiss at both ends. Minghuan temple and Xiangxian temple are also the common buildings of many Confucian temples. The ancestral hall of famous officials refers to the ancestral hall of sacrificing famous officials. In the Qing Dynasty, all the officials who had merit and virtue in their native land entered the ancestral temple after death. Local officials organized worship twice a year in the spring and Autumn period. Xiangxian ancestral hall refers to the ancestral hall dedicated to the late local sages. In the Qing Dynasty, all prefectures and counties had ancestral halls for the local sages. After death, all the local people with high moral standing entered the ancestral hall and were worshipped by the local people in the spring and autumn every year. Between dachengmen, Minghuan temple and Xiangxian temple is Yemen. Yemen is also called jinshengyuzhenmen. In the past, Dacheng gate was generally closed, and only the side door could be used. It's called "Jin Sheng" in the East and "Yu Zhen" in the West. Jin refers to the bell and Yu refers to the chime, which means that Confucius thought is like playing music, making sounds with the bell and receiving rhymes with the chime. There are two Yemen, which are located between dachengmen, Xiangxian temple and Minghuan Temple respectively. They are Erlang Danshan style vertical flower gate, single bay tube tile roof and suspended mountain style building. Dachengmen, Xiangxian temple, Minghuan temple and lingxingmen constitute the first courtyard of the Confucian temple. Behind this row of buildings is the central building of the Confucian temple, Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall, located in the north of Dacheng gate, is a single eaves stone structure building. The main hall is five rooms wide and three rooms deep. On the green glazed tile roof, the front side of the main ridge is Dragon Ridge, and the back side is peony ridge. There are two sides of the main ridge, and the two sides of the main ridge are rolled grass ridge. On the two sides of the main ridge are vertical beasts, and the two sides of the main ridge are running beasts. On the front side are six front eaves columns, all of which are cloud dragon relief octagonal stone columns, and under the columns are inverted lotus column foundations, There are six in the middle and four on both sides. Entering the hall, there are eight thick wooden gold pillars, more than 5 meters high, under which are square stone pillars with drum diameter; the gold pillars bear five beams, and the eaves around them have huge heavy and colorful gold-plated arches. The wood frame and partition are painted with red paint. There are eaves walls on the East, West and north sides of the hall. The walls are painted with red ash, and the floor of the hall is paved with square bricks. There is a square platform in front of the hall. There are five steps on the East, West and south sides of the platform. Dacheng hall is the main building in the Confucian temple, the main hall for worshiping Confucius' throne, and also an important place for worshiping Confucius. Although the whole hall is old, it is magnificent and simple. In addition, there are Zhongyi temple, Wenchang temple, three dynasties palace, Minglun hall and other buildings in the Confucian temple. Although some buildings are in disrepair for a long time, the overall layout still exists. It is the best preserved and the only county Confucian temple in Jinan. The Confucian temple used to be the highest institution of learning in Pingyin County. Now it's in Pingyin County. Qiao Xiugang, the director of the museum, introduced the situation of the Confucian temple in Pingyin County to the reporter. Confucian temple was formerly known as "Xuegong". According to the records of Pingyin County annals (Guangxu edition of the Qing Dynasty), "Xuegong was located in the northwest corner of the city in the old days, and Yu Qin, the county magistrate, moved to the southeast corner (the present position) because of the depression." After the yuan, Ming, Qing and the Republic of China dynasties maintenance, formed a large-scale ancient buildings. According to the Guangxu edition of Pingyin County annals, the Confucian temple is a courtyard building with a rectangular plane. Its layout is rigorous and neat, the main and subordinate are clear, the key points are prominent, and the architecture is exquisite. Through the traditional methods of plane layout, volume change, shape transformation, external intermediary space sequence organization, it forms an ancient architectural complex with Chinese characteristics. From front to back, the central axis of the whole Confucian temple is Zhaobi, lingxingmen, panchi Yueya bridge (also known as Zhuangyuan bridge), dachengmen, dachengdian and Minglun hall; on the right side of the central axis are kuixinglou, Zhongyi temple, Minghuan temple, Wenchang temple, three dynasties palace, Five Dynasties palace, Dongwei and Dongzhai; on the left side are jiexiaofang, Jiexiao temple, Xianghuan temple, Xiwan, Xizhai and Xiyuan. Qiao Xiugang said that before the "Cultural Revolution", there were still dozens of ancient pines and cypresses in the Confucian temple, as well as flower beds and stone inscriptions. A wall is set around the screen wall, and the head door is below. The head gate is located at the East and West ends of the front wall. The forehead of the gate is inscribed with "virtue matches heaven and earth", "Daoguan ancient and modern" and so on. In 1983, the Pingyin County Government issued a document to transfer the Confucian temple to the cultural department for management and use. In the same year, he won the financial support from the Provincial Department of culture to renovate the dilapidated Dacheng hall. In 1984, the Cultural Bureau of Pingyin County set up a museum preparation office in the Confucian temple, which directly put the work of the cultural relics section of the cultural museum under the management of the Cultural Bureau. In 1990, it again won the financial support from the Provincial Department of culture and the county government, repaired the Lingxing gate and Dacheng gate, and rebuilt the Xiangxian temple. In 2002, it raised funds to renovate the collapsed Wenchang temple. In the long history of nearly a thousand years, the function and users of Xuewen temple in Pingyin County have changed constantly. From its early construction to the early years of the Republic of China, the Confucian temple has always been a place for local Confucius worship, the seat of the county education administrative department, and also the county school, which is the highest school in Pingyin County. However, during the period of the Republic of China, the function of Confucian temple gradually weakened due to the rise of new cultural movements such as overthrowing "Kongdian" and establishing new learning. Especially after the founding of new China, the Confucian temple was once unmanaged and used by Pingyin distillery, Pingyin County Chengguan commune, Pingyin County Cultural Center, army and other units.

protect

In 1981, the Confucian temple was announced by the people's Government of Pingyin County as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Pingyin County. In 1995, Jinan municipal government announced that it was the second batch of key cultural relics protection units in Jinan City. At the end of 2006, the provincial people's Government announced that it was the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Pingyin County

Chinese PinYin : Ping Yin Wen Miao