Trestle

Yantai trestle is located in the east of Zhifu district. The trestle is 624 meters long and 10 meters wide. It is composed of approach bridge, yacht wharf, main body of trestle and Yellow Sea pearl. It is the longest trestle in China.

Zhan Qiao

synonym

Trestle (Qingdao Qianhai) generally refers to Qingdao trestle

Qingdao trestle is one of the scenic spots in Qingdao seaside scenic area. It is one of the first national scenic spots announced by the State Council in 1982, and also one of the first national AAAA scenic spots

.

Qingdao trestle is located at the south end of Zhongshan Road in Qingdao, which is full of tourists. The bridge is for tourists to visit and stop at the tourist ship, from which you can see Qingdao on the sea.

Qingdao trestle was built in 1892. It is the earliest military Wharf in Qingdao. It is an important landmark and a famous scenic spot in Qingdao

.

Qingdao trestle is 440 meters long and 8 meters wide, with steel-concrete structure. A semicircular breakwater is built at the south end of the bridge. Inside the breakwater is a two-story octagonal building in the form of ethnic groups. It is called "Huilan Pavilion". Visitors stand beside the pavilion to enjoy the huge waves coming. Feige Huilan is known as one of the "ten sceneries of Qingdao". Along the North Bank of the bridge, there is a "trestle Park" with sparse flowers and trees, green pines and green grass, and stone chairs for visitors to sit and enjoy the sea and sky scenery

On April 12, 2019, it was selected as the "second batch of China's industrial heritage protection list" sponsored by the Publicity Department of China Association for science and technology and co sponsored by the Innovation Strategy Research Institute of China Association for science and technology and China Society of urban planning.

history

Qingdao trestle has a history of more than 100 years. In 1891, Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang, accompanied by Zhang Yao, governor of Shandong Province, visited jiaoao at that time. When he returned to Beijing, he proposed to the Qing government that the area near the mouth of Qingdao should be fortified. On June 14 of the same year, the cabinet issued an edict: "it is planned to build more fort in Haikou of Jiaozhou and Yantai, according to the request." At the same time, the chief yamen of Dengzhou town was required to move from Dengzhou (now Penglai) to Qingdao. Later, Zhang Gaoyuan, the chief soldier of Dengzhou Town, built a yamen at the mouth of Qingdao, which was the origin of the establishment of Qingdao

.

Qingdao trestle was built in 1892. In 1892, the Qing government sent Zhang Gaoyuan, the general of Dengzhou, to garrison Qingdao with four battalions. In order to facilitate the transportation of military supplies, two docks were built. One of them is the trestle, which was completed in 1893. It is 200 meters long and 10 meters wide with stone foundation and gray surface, and iron guardrails are installed on both sides of the bridge.

In the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (May 29, 1894), Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili, wrote a memorial: "Zhang Gaoyuan, commander-in-chief of Dengzhou, has already set up a base for each station. Gong Zhaoyu, a Taoist priest, has built a large railway Wharf in front of Qingdao. Now he plans to build a mine camp behind the railway wharf, which is close to the entrance. Now he is running the defense of Yantai and Jiaozhou. It is the same thing. It is appropriate to set up mine barracks and make a mine ship respectively."

From Li Hongzhang's Memorial, we can see that the military defense facilities in Qingdao were not carried out in isolation, but were part of the coastal defense system in northern China in the late Qing Dynasty. Each building built in jiaoao also has a clear purpose. The Datong railway wharf is a naval wharf specially built for the "thunder ship" to load and unload mines and coal and transport equipment. Trestle is the earliest military special artificial Wharf in Qingdao

. There are many original titles for this wharf, including naval trestle, Qianhai trestle, Nanhai trestle, Li Hongzhang trestle, grand wharf, etc. Another Yamen Bridge is 100 meters long and 6 meters wide, also known as snail bridge. These two wharves are designed by Chinese engineers themselves, and they are the earliest wharves in Qingdao.

Qingdao trestle was the only "arms supply line" on the sea at that time. That is to say, whoever controlled the trestle controlled Jiaozhou Bay. In 1897, in the name of exercises, the German army landed from the Qingdao Bay where the trestle was located and occupied Qingdao by force. The trestle became a witness of the German occupation of Qingdao. After the German occupation of Qingdao, the Qing government was forced to sign the "jiaoao lease treaty" with Germany. The authorities began to carry out new urban planning, and many materials were transported by sea. In order to facilitate transportation, the German also transformed the trestle, laying tracks on the bridge deck, on which the wheels and horses can run.

In May 1901, the north end of the original bridge was changed into stone foundation, paved with cement, and the iron guardrail was changed into cable guardrail. Wooden boards were laid on the steel bridge at the south end, and light rail was built. The bridge body was extended to 350 meters, and it was still a military wharf. On October 7, 1901, the small port wharf was built. The transportation of materials was undertaken by the small port wharf, and the transportation function of the trestle gradually weakened. After the completion of the first wharf of Dagang in 1904, the trestle gradually lost its historical mission as a wharf and began to open to tourists. Around 1905, the transportation of commercial goods moved to Qingdao port, and the trestle became a special wharf for ship quarantine and water diversion.

During the first World War, on August 27, 1914, the Japanese second fleet arrived at the sea area of Qingdao and sealed off the sea area of Qingdao. The Japanese attacked Qingdao by land and water. At that time, the water landing was completed from Laoshan Bay. However, after the final occupation of Qingdao, the Japanese army followed the example of the German army and held a military parade on the trestle to prove that they had "full sovereignty" over Qingdao

.

In December 1922, after Qingdao was taken back by China's Beiyang government, Chinese sailors paraded here to show the recovery of China's sovereignty.

In September 1931, the Qingdao municipal authority paid 258000 yuan for the expansion contracted by Germany Xinli company, and the bridge body was lengthened to 440 meters. The steel and wood structure of the original bridge is reconstructed into reinforced concrete, 34 rows of piles are transparent, the bridge deck is paved with cement, and the height of the bridge deck is increased by 0.5m. At the northern end of the trestle, a trestle Park was built along the coast to plant trees and flowers. At the south end of the bridge, an arrow shaped breakwater was added, and a Huilan pavilion with national style was built on the breakwater. In April 1933, the whole project was completed. Since then, the trestle has become an important landmark building and a famous scenic spot in Qingdao

.

On July 7, 1937, the Lugouqiao Incident was made by Japan, and the war of all-round aggression against China began. On January 10, 1938, a large number of Japanese troops landed from Shazikou and occupied Qingdao again. The next day, a group of Japanese troops began to land from the trestle again. For a time, the trestle was used as a military wharf, and the Chinese were not allowed to enter

.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the people's government has repeatedly allocated funds for the maintenance of the trestle. In 1985, Qingdao city carried out a large-scale comprehensive renovation of the trestle. The transparent part of the southern end of the bridge was demolished and rebuilt, from 34 rows of piles to 16 rows of piles, and a new observation platform was built. At the same time, six car blocking stone pillars at the entrance of the bridge were demolished, surrounded by iron wire fences on both sides, and 12 pairs of European style bridge lights stood facing each other, paved with granite Stone steps. From the end of 1998 to June 1999, the municipal government again allocated funds to carry out large-scale renovation of the trestle. The bridge body was reinforced according to the 50 year return period standard and the huilange foundation was reinforced according to the 100 year return period standard. The northern section of the trestle is demolished and rebuilt, the side wall is inlaid with mortar mushroom stone, and the whole bridge deck is paved with machine planed granite slab. The maintenance not only meets the requirements of wind wave protection, corrosion protection and original charm, but also matches with the revetment facilities on both sides, increasing the aesthetic effect

.

On the afternoon of May 26, 2013, Qingdao was hit by a rainstorm, with an average precipitation of 26mm. On the morning of May 27, a 30 meter long collapse occurred on the east side of the middle section of Qingdao trestle

. On November 2, 2013, the bridge body of Qingdao trestle in Shandong Province was closed

. On April 25, 2014, after 11 months of reinforcement and maintenance, the trestle was reopened

.

After several times of renovation and reconstruction, the bridge is 401.45 meters long, including 236.1 meters of approach bridge, 149.7 meters of Kongqiao bridge and 15.65 meters of triangle bridge head at huilange. At the south end of the trestle is a double-layer flying eaves octagonal pavilion called Huilan Pavilion. The top of the pavilion is covered with yellow glazed tiles, and there are 24 round Pavilion columns around it. The pavilion covers an area of 151 square meters, with a total construction area of 340 square meters. There are two ring-shaped pavilions in the pavilion, with 34 spiral stairs in the center. You can have a panoramic view of the Qianhai sea when you climb the tower. It is one of the ten sceneries in Qingdao

.

geographical environment

Qingdao is located in the north temperate monsoon region, belonging to the temperate monsoon climate. Because of the sea

The direct regulation of ocean environment is influenced by the southeast monsoon, ocean current and water mass on the ocean surface, so it has obvious marine climate characteristics. Humid air, moderate temperature, four distinct seasons. In spring, the temperature rises slowly, one month later than inland; in summer, it is hot and humid, but there is no severe heat; in autumn, the weather is clear and the precipitation is less; in winter, the wind is strong, the temperature is low, and the duration is long, but there is no severe cold.

Qingdao is located on the shore of the Yellow Sea. It is obviously affected by the marine climate. The annual average temperature is 12.3 ℃, and the hot weather with the daily average temperature higher than 30 ℃ rarely occurs. Therefore, there is no intense heat in Qingdao. However, the winter in Qingdao lasts for a long time, the temperature is low, and it is often accompanied by strong winds. The average temperature is - 0.9 ℃.

Main attractions

Huilan Pavilion

Huilan Pavilion is located on the seashore of Shinan District, Qingdao city. It is separated from little Qingdao by water, and its north end is connected with Zhongshan Road in a straight line. It is regarded as an important symbol of Qingdao. The pavilion is an octagonal pavilion on the second floor. The pavilion is covered with colored glazed tiles and supported by 24 red painted pillars. There are spiral stairs in the center of the pavilion. There are glass windows around the upper floor and "one window"

Chinese PinYin : Zhan Qiao