Tang fan alliance stele

Tang fan alliance stele

According to Wang Yao's "explanation of Tang fan alliance stele", the western side (Beiyang) recorded the Chinese inscription on the western side: Emperor Wenwu Xiaode of the Tang Dynasty and uncle and nephew of the great fan holy God Zanpu discussed the unity of the country and formed a great peace treaty, which will never be replaced. The gods and men all know it, and they praise it from generation to generation.

brief introduction

In 821 ad (the first year of emperor Mu Zong's Changqing in Tang Dynasty and the seventh year of Yi Tai in Tubo), envoys from Tang Dynasty and Tubo made an oath in Chang'an, the capital of Tang Dynasty. The next year, they reunited in Lhasa.

In 823 A.D., the inscriptions of the League were carved and erected in front of the gate of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. It is also known as Tang fan alliance monument or Changqing alliance monument.

It is a historical witness of the unity and friendship between the Han and Tibetan Nationalities.

Contents on the tablet

The Tang fan alliance stele is about 4.83 meters high, 0.96 meters wide and 0.51 meters thick, in the shape of a square column. Tibetan inscriptions are made of natural stones, which are composed of three parts: the head, the body and the base. Han steles are exquisitely carved, with tortoise shaped patterns on the base and decorative patterns on both sides of the stele; Tibetan steles are often simple in shape, with stone caps on the top, forming the unique style of Tibetan steles. The Changqing alliance steles of Tang and Tibet are famous for their rooftop stone caps.

Emperor Wenwu Xiaode and his holiness Zanpu liezan's second nephew, Junzhe Hongbei, have a deep feeling of benevolence and benevolence. They discuss with Ye Tong to ensure that Wan's surname is peaceful and peaceful. They are very happy for a long time. They continue to show their kindness to their relatives and reiterate the meaning of good neighborhoods.

Today, the two countries, the Han and the fan, are in charge of their own territory. They know that the territory of the Tang Dynasty lies to the East, and the territory of the Da Fan kingdom lies to the West. They are not enemies, they are not soldiers, and they are not invading each other.

The frontier may be blocked by guessing to catch the living, and the food and clothing will be released when the matter is settled. Today, the country and the leaves are the same, so it is Dahe.

However, the friendship between my uncle and nephew should be passed on every time. Once they arrived, they learned to follow the old road. In the Tang Dynasty, it was only in Qingshui County, but in the west, it was in Dafo. It was necessary to offer the gifts of being close to my uncle and nephew, so that the smoke and dust of the two circles would not be released, the name of bandits and thieves would not be heard, and there would be no fear. The people would be removed, and the country would be in peace.

This is in line with the great cause of the Han Dynasty.

According to this pledge, you will never be able to change. However, please know the three treasures and the sun, moon and stars of the sages. Such a covenant, their respective contract Chen, Xing Xing for the league, set this about.

If you do not take this oath, either of the monarchs and ministers of the Han Dynasty will have to avenge the misfortune first, and the conspirators will not break the alliance.

The emperor and his ministers of the Han Dynasty took an oath,

Zhou Xi wrote the text, and the verification of the two kings was based on the official seal of the minister who ascended the altar, who signed his name in person. As he swore, the text was hidden in Yufu Yan.

Note: Wang Yao, the interpretation of Tang fan alliance stele, historical research, No.4, 1980

East (Beiyin)

The eastern inscriptions are all in Tibetan. The Chinese translation is as follows:

Zanpu Keli, the holy God of Tibet, was united with emperor Wenwu Xiaode and ye sheji of the Tang Dynasty to establish a treaty of Dahe. This is to describe the whole story of the treaty between his uncle and nephew and the program of the treaty. The inscription is as follows:

The holy God, zanpuhuti, was the leader of Dafo. In the middle of the towering snow mountains, the source of the running river, the high country and clean land, the God of heaven is the master of human beings, great and great achievements, and the foundation of the world. Wang Zengli was good at teaching, good at law, widely praised for his kindness, enlightened in internal affairs, skillful in strategy, awed and subdued by foreign enemies, opened up territory, increased power and never declined.

The king of Yongzhong is extremely powerful. So, although the south is like menbatianzhu, the west is like Dashi, and the north is like Tujue, bashimi, etc., they can all win in the battlefield, they are not afraid to bow down to the power and justice of the holy God Zanpu, and they are happy with each other. The East is called Tang Dynasty. It is the extreme sea. When the sun comes out, this king is quite different from other countries. He is good at teaching, deep in morality and abundant in classics, which is enough to compete with Tubo.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the Li family won the kingdom. In the 23rd year of the founding of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Tongfang passed on that the holy God Zanpu abandoned Zong Zan was the same as Emperor Taizong Wenwu and ye sheji. At the age of Zhenguan, he married Princess Wencheng to Zanpu Ya tent. Since then, the holy God Zanpu abandoned Li and contracted Zan. He and Emperor Sanlang Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty joined together again and continued their marriage. At the age of Jinglong, he married Princess Jincheng and descended to the Yamen of Zanpu, and became a happy uncle and nephew.

However, in the middle of each other will quarrel, abandon marriage good, instead of fighting, although they are so, but when the domestic political situation is urgent, they still send reinforcements to help (beg for thieves), although there is a gap between each other, the ceremony of asking for employment has never stopped, and there is also a continuation, so close marriage, nephew uncle idea is the same, and then alliance oath.

The father, the holy God, Zanpu, abandoned his majesty Songzan, and made great efforts to promote politics. Those who receive the king's kindness, no matter inside or outside, are all over the world. All departments in the four regions, come to league and enjoy.

Not to mention with Tang's good husband, his friendship is close, close to his neighbors, and he is willing to unite with Ye sheji, and his nephew's thoughts are harmonious. He made a great peace treaty with emperor Wenwu, the Holy Spirit of the Tang Dynasty.

Since then, the nephew of Zanpu and the uncle of Tang Dynasty passed on Sanye. My dear emissary, I have passed on many books, treasures and beautiful goods. However, I have not yet concluded the Treaty of peace. The alliance that my nephew discussed was not established, and the resentment gap arose. Because of their old troubles and doubts, the alliance was delayed again and again. In a short time, the feud and enmity came into being. At this critical moment, the holy God zampuli could meet his majesty. He was as wise and wise as the God of heaven. He knew that he was in harmony with the heaven, benefaction inside and outside, and had a strong foundation He had a long friendship with the uncle and nephew of emperor Wenwu Xiaode and ye sheji, the master of Tang Dynasty.

On October 10, the first year of Changqing in the Tang Dynasty, namely, the year of Yin tie Niu (xinchou), the two sides ascended the altar and the Tang Court ruled the alliance; on May 6, the second year of Changqing in the Tang Dynasty, namely, the year of Yang Shui Hu (renyin), the second year of Changqing in the eighth year of Yitai in the Tubo, the alliance was also held in the eastern zhedui garden in luoxie. The two sides ascended the altar, and Tubo ruled the alliance. The stone inscriptions on the stele were made in the ninth year of Yitai in Dafo and the third year of Changqing in Tang Dynasty, that is, on February 14th of spring in Yinshui rabbit year (guimao). On the day of setting up the monument, the observation envoy was the ceremony for the participation of Du Zai, the censor of the Tang Dynasty, and Gao Koukou, the praise doctor. The same stele of Meng Wen was also built in the capital of Tang Dynasty.

The significance of stone tablet

Since the oath, the dispute between Tang Dynasty and Tubo has basically ended.

It shows that he Meng meets the needs of the development of the Tang and Tibetan society, conforms to the wishes of the Han and Tibetan people at that time, reflects the further strengthening of the friendly relations between the two ethnic groups, and conforms to the trend of history.

The words of the covenant are simple, simple and fluent. Even if they are read more than a thousand years later, they are still catchy.

The style of writing is vigorous and vigorous, the structure is meticulous and rigorous, and repeatedly emphasizes that "he Ye sheji is as one", which expresses the urgent mood and sincere will, and embodies a high degree of expression skills, which is a strong proof of the highly developed Tibetan culture.

The inscriptions on the alliance of niece and uncle have great political significance, high ideological quality and simple and beautiful literary grace.

It's no wonder that the steles bearing Meng Wen have been carved for more than a thousand years. Standing in front of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, it is admired by the people and has become a historical witness of the unity and friendship between the Han and Tibetan people.

Address: in front of Dazhao temple, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region

Longitude: 91.133958703416

Latitude: 29.649950924026

Chinese PinYin : Tang Fan Hui Meng Bei