Huzhong Nature Reserve

Heilongjiang huzhongguo National Nature Reserve

synonym

Huzhong nature reserve generally refers to Huzhong National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province

Heilongjiang Huzhong National Nature Reserve is located in Huzhong District, Daxing'anling region, Heilongjiang Province. The reserve is 63 km long from north to South and 32 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 167213 hectares. It is adjacent to the construction area of Huzhong Forestry Bureau in the East, South and North, bounded by the main ridge of Daxing'anling mountains in the west, and adjacent to Hanma National Nature Reserve of Daxing'anling mountains in Inner Mongolia.

The main protected objects are cold temperate coniferous forest and rare animals and plants. The nature reserve is one of the most typical and complete cold temperate coniferous forest ecosystems in China.

There are 248 species of plants and 178 species of wild animals (vertebrates) in the nature reserve. It is a national protected sample and species gene bank of bright coniferous forest ecosystem in cold temperate zone of China.

In May 1988, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council.

Historical evolution

In 1958, the Ministry of forestry organized the formulation of the "general plan for the development and construction of Daxing'anling Forest Region", planning to determine and establish Huzhong nature reserve.

In May 1979, the Revolutionary Committee of Heilongjiang Province officially confirmed Hanma Huzhong as Daxing'anling nature reserve by the document No. 25 of Longge office, and began to prepare for its construction. Due to the change of administrative divisions in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, Daxinganling nature reserve is divided into two parts (Hanma nature reserve and Huzhong nature reserve).

In May 1984, it was promoted to provincial nature reserve with the approval of Heilongjiang Provincial People's government.

In May 1988, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council.

In February 1992, the World Wide Fund for nature (WWF) of the Ministry of forestry held a "seminar on priority areas of China's natural protection" in Beijing. It was agreed that Huzhong National Nature Reserve has international protection significance (Grade A). It ranks fifth among China's 40 nature reserves of international significance.

In October 2015, it won the title of the first batch of "China forest oxygen bar".

geographical environment

position

Huzhong National Nature Reserve is located in Huzhong District, Daxing'anling area, Heilongjiang Province. It is located on the northeast slope of the main vein of Daxing'anling mountain and yilehuli mountain. It is adjacent to the construction area of Huzhong Forestry Bureau in the East, South and North, and adjacent to Hanma National Nature Reserve in Daxing'anling mountain in Inner Mongolia with the main ridge of Daxing'anling mountain in the West. The geographical coordinates are 122 ° 42 ′ 14 ″ - 123 ° 18 ′ 05 ″ E and 51 ° 17 ′ 42 ″ - 51 ° 56 ′ 31 ″ n.

landforms

The landform of the Reserve belongs to the periglacial (or frozen) landform of the middle and low mountains. The terrain keeps the basic outline since Mesozoic era. Granite, quartz trachyte, basalt and quartz porphyry are the main rocks of the mountain. The general trend of the terrain is high in the West and low in the East, with continuous mountains and undulating terrain. The altitude is mostly between 800 and 1200 meters.

climate

The Nature Reserve belongs to the continental monsoon climate of cold temperate zone, with large seasonal temperature difference, long and cold winter and a large amount of snow, short warm summer and rainy surface, and obvious in spring and autumn, showing a sudden rise in spring and a sudden drop in autumn. The temperature difference between the four seasons and day and night is large. The annual average temperature is - 4 ℃. The extreme minimum temperature is - 47.4 ℃ and the extreme maximum temperature is 32.0 ℃. The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of - 35.8 ℃; the hottest month is July, with an average temperature of 24.5 ℃; the annual temperature range is 60 ℃, with an average annual precipitation of 458.3 mm. The average annual relative humidity is 71%. The average annual evaporation is 911 mm. In winter, westerlies or northwesterlies are common in the reserve, while in summer, Southwesterlies or southeasterly winds are common. In spring and autumn, northwesterlies and Southwesterlies are common. The frost free period of Huzhong National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province is generally 80-100 days. The early frost occurs in the first ten days of September, the late frost in the last ten days of May, and the plant growth period is about 100 days.

soil

The soil in the reserve can be divided into four types: brown coniferous forest soil, meadow soil, swamp soil and rocky soil.

hydrology

The river in the Reserve belongs to Heilongjiang river system, which is the birthplace of Huma River. There are many rivers and streams in the area. Humar River, jiazhanduolamalu River, sanuohangnahuomalou River and shanluohangnahuomalou River originate in the northwest and southwest of the reserve respectively. In the middle, they converge into Huma River and flow to the northeast to Heilongjiang. The water quantity in this area is abundant and dry, and the variation of water level varies with seasons. Generally, the water level is the lowest in winter and the highest in mid summer. Because the forest vegetation and its litter layer hinder the evaporation of surface runoff and rainwater, the water resources above and under the frozen layer of groundwater can be preserved.

Area

The nature reserve is the largest comprehensive nature reserve of forest and wildlife in the northernmost part of China. It is 63 km long from north to South and 32 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 167213 hectares. Among them, the core area is 54087 hectares, and the experimental area is 67633 hectares. The buffer area is 45493 hectares.

Protected objects

animal

According to the national zoogeographical division, the wildlife in the Reserve belongs to the Palaearctic, Northeast Asian, northeast and Daxinganling sub regions. According to the survey, there are 178 species of wild animals (vertebrates) in 50 families in the reserve, including 131 species of birds, 33 species of mammals, 14 species of amphibians, reptiles and fishes. Among them, there are 6 species of national first-class protected animals, such as grouse, Golden Eagle, mink bear, musk deer and sable, and 37 species of second-class protected animals, such as goose, swallow falcon, hazel grouse, brown bear, lynx, red deer, moose and otter.

Insect resources

After investigation, the insects belong to Coleoptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, a total of 4 orders, 24 families, more than 100 kinds of insects. Among them, there are 24 species of natural enemies and 76 species of them, including 39 species of stem borers (mainly Cerambycidae, accounting for 25 species), 33 species of leaf eating pests (mainly Lepidoptera), and 4 species of cone pests. The main tree species in the reserve are Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, followed by Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Betula platyphylla, Populus davidiana, willow and Pinus pumila. These different tree species all have insect pests, and their species and damage degree are large. The insect pests live on the leaves, branches and fruits of trees and cause damage.

stock of fish

The climate of Huzhong nature reserve is characterized by long and cold winter, with ice and snow covering for seven months. Due to the impact of the special ecological environment, the fish in the reserve are cold tolerant species, not many species, but a large number. There are hucho taimen (Pallas), brachymatax lenok cpallas, Abbottina rivularis basiteuskg, carasius auratus gibelis (Bloch), phorinus phorinus (Linnaeus), Misgurnus mohoity (dybouski), Lota Lota chinnaeu c s and Silurus asotus.

Reptile Resources

Due to the influence of the special ecological environment, the crawling species in the nature reserve are cold resistant species, not many species, but a large number. There are Heilongjiang grass lizard, Agkistrodon halys and so on.

Animal resources

The basic characteristics of the mammal fauna in the reserve are determined by the undulating mountains, cold and wet, crisscross rivers, vast forest and sea, and unique ecological environment. There are 33 species of mammals belonging to 14 families and 6 orders in the reserve, including 32 species of Palaearctic realm and 1 species of widespread species. In terms of species distribution, Carnivora is the best, with 13 species, accounting for 40% of the total number of mammals, followed by Rodentia, with 10 species, accounting for 30% of the total number of mammals. Among them, there are 9 species of mammals under state protection. Mink bear and sable belong to the first class protection, while brown bear, lynx, musk deer, red deer, moose, snow rabbit and otter belong to the second class protection.

Bird Resources

Due to long-term protection and management, primitive cold temperate forest ecological environment and high cold humid climate characteristics, the reserve provides a good environment for the distribution, survival and reproduction of birds. There are 131 species of birds in the reserve, belonging to 14 orders and 29 families. According to the floristic composition, there are 111 typical Palaearctic species, 19 widespread species and 1 Oriental species, accounting for 85% and 14% of the total birds respectively According to the classification, there are 69 species of Passeriformes, accounting for 53% of the total number of birds, 62 species of non Passeriformes, accounting for 47% of the total number of birds, 84 species of migratory birds, accounting for 64% of the total number of birds, 35 species of resident birds, accounting for 27% of the total number of birds, and 12 species of migratory birds, accounting for 9% of the total number of birds.

Botany

In terms of phytogeographical division, the Nature Reserve belongs to the pan North longitude flora, Eurasian forest flora subregion and Greater Xing'an Mountains.

Chinese PinYin : Hu Zhong Bao Hu Qu