Yanxia three caves

Yanxia three caves

Yanxia three caves, namely Shiwu cave, shuile cave and Yanxia cave, is a famous scenic spot in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. It is located on Yanxia ridge under the south peak. On the side of the road near Hupao, there was a well with four holes, called four wells. On the other side, there was a path with osmanthus trees on both sides. About 500 meters away, there was the stone house cave. The cave was open and its top was like a house, so it got its name. The original 500 arhat stone carvings on the cave wall have been destroyed. On the side of the main cave, there is another cave called "bieshiyuan". At the back of the cave, it is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and looks like a floating snail. It is named "Canghai floating snail". The plan of the stone house cave has been renovated and planted with flowers and trees.

Geological origin

(welcome teachers, students and researchers)

Introduction to scenic spots

Stone house cave

On the side of the road near Hupao, there is an old well. There are four wells on it, which are called four wells. On the other side, there is a small road with osmanthus trees on both sides. About 500 meters away, there is a stone house cave. Its height is open and its top is like a house, so it gets its name. The original 500 arhat stone carvings on the cave wall have been destroyed. On the side of the main cave, there is another cave called "bieshiyuan". At the back of the cave, it is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and looks like a floating snail. It is named "Canghai floating snail". The plan of the stone house cave has been renovated and planted with flowers and trees.

Shuile cave

About 1000 meters in front of Shiwu cave is shuile cave. Outside the cave, there are many osmanthus trees on the roadside. In the Mid Autumn Festival, golden osmanthus is fragrant. Visitors can enjoy tea beside the osmanthus trees. Shuile cave is more than 60 meters deep. There is a clear spring flowing out of the cave. The sound is as beautiful as gold and stone. There are stone carvings on both sides of the stone wall, such as "the sound of natural zither", "listening to stringless zither" and so on. The sound of water can be heard everywhere in the cave, but no water can be seen until the entrance of the cave. At the bottom of the cave, there are two stone statues of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai. Another stone, with a stick hit, sound like guqin, is very wonderful.

Yanxia cave

About 500 meters outside shuile cave is Yanxia cave. The grotto statues on the inner wall of Yanxia cave are the works of the Five Dynasties. They are vivid, natural and fluent. In particular, the Avalokitesvara and dashizhi Bodhisattva at the entrance of the cave are the most exquisite and ready to come out. There is a stone on the left side of the cave, which looks like an elephant. Under the belly of the stone elephant, there is another stone, which looks like a small elephant. Nearby, there is a beautiful view of bergamot rock. Bergamot rock in the "Lianfeng" giant rock cave, there is a hand shaped stone pillar drooping, lifelike, known as "Bergamot". From the front of the mountain path, you can see the "Husong Pavilion". From the top, you can have a panoramic view of the mountain.

Interior landscape

Stone house cave

Located at the foot of Shiwu ridge, the cave is called "Shiwu cave" because it is shaped like a house. More than 500 small Arhats are engraved on the wall of the cave. Among them, there are statues of Sakyamuni Buddha and Bodhisattvas carved in the middle. Among them, the most ancient is the work of Jin Tianfu in the Five Dynasties. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, all the heads of Luohan were destroyed, and the statues now no longer exist. The cave is open, empty and bright. It looks like a pavilion. It can be used for several banquets. It is said that the people once escaped from the war here.

Shuile cave

Located at the foot of yanxialing, it used to be Qian's Xiguan purification hospital. Before the Song Dynasty, it had a great reputation, but it was blocked for a long time. Later, it was repaired by Jia Sidao of the Song Dynasty, and then it was revived and abandoned again and again. There is a spring flowing out of the cave. The flow is very fast, and it collides with the rock into droplets, like water mist. The sound of the water is like playing music. As Su Dongpo's "notes on shuile cave" wrote: "in the spring and rock, there are natural palace merchants." In the second year of Xining of Song Dynasty, Zheng Yu, the governor of Hangzhou Prefecture, named shuile cave. At the entrance of the cave, there is the word "Qingxiang" written by sun Kehong. There is shuile temple in front of the cave, which does not exist today. Yanxia cave is located on the southwest slope of nangaofeng mountain, which is a limestone cave. Stalactites of different sizes at the top of the cave look like a piece of haze. Six Arhats were originally carved in the cave. According to historical records, mihong, a monk, built an nunnery here in 944 A.D. (the first year of the later Jin Dynasty). It is said that after his death, mihong entrusted his dream to King Wusu of Wu Yue Qian. "There are 18 brothers, and now there are six kings to gather together." after the king of Wu woke up from his dream, he carved eighteen Arhats. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Maitreya Buddha, Guanyin and other statues were added. There are many celebrity inscriptions on the side of the cave. The cave is very spacious and is the first of all the caves in shiwuling.

The difference between this cave and other karst caves is that the depth of the cave is only more than 30 meters. The cave gradually shrinks from the outside to the inside, and the height of the cave bottom is only about 1 meter. Raise your hand to touch the top of the cave. The caves are not dominated by stalactites and stalagmites, but by grotto statues carved from natural caves. There are 38 larger ones, as well as some small support statues and reliefs. The statues can be roughly divided into three periods: zhengbi III Buddha, waishi statue, 16 Arhats and Peacock King Ming are works of the Five Dynasties; Sakyamuni and Maitreya were added in the Song Dynasty; the statue of Su Dongpo, which was changed from the God of wealth, was transformed in the Qing Dynasty. Among them, Guanyin and dashizhi Bodhisattva carved on both sides of the cave in the early Song Dynasty are the most exquisite. The Bodhisattva looks down and his hands are crossed and drooping, solemn and compassionate; his face, chest and wrist are full of muscles. The expression of Guanyin is sincere and gentle. The face is rich and beautiful. The thin folds on the shoulders are natural and smooth, showing the curve of the body. These two statues are still there today. Matching with the cave are Hutong Pavilion, Shuxiao Pavilion, crouching lion Pavilion (now no longer exist), river suction Pavilion, elephant trunk rock, bergamot rock, Xiayuan and other pavilions and courtyards.

Yanxia cave

Yanxia cave was famous in Tongzhi and Guangxu years of Qing Dynasty. At that time, Ming Xuexin, a monk from Fujian Province, was not only outstanding in literature, but also good at cooking. Under his leadership, scholars such as Chen Hao and Yu Quyuan were willing to make friends with him. And more visitors are attracted to the vegetarian dishes and noodles here. Whenever the guests come to dinner, Xuexin cooks the noodles himself. After his death, his apprentice Jin Fushan, known as "golden monk", was also good at vegetables. Until the end of the 1930s, the vegetables in Yanxia cave were famous in the West Lake.

Celebrity activities

Hu Shi's love

According to Hu Shizhi's diary, "on September 14, 1923, he went to the mountain with Peisheng and sat in a pavilion to tell her about the legacy of Maupassant's novels. It's here in the morning and afternoon. " "On September 19, I went out with Peisheng and sat on the stone under the tree. I told her a story about Maupassant. When the moon was bad at night, I played chess with Peisheng." Peisheng, recorded in the diary, is Hu's cousin. When Hu came to Hangzhou for recuperation, she studied in Hangzhou women's normal school and often went to Hu Shi's residence. Their relationship became more and more intense. However, Hu Shi's traditional concept is very strong. He never gave up his old-fashioned marriage, even if he has a side in his heart. Until his death, it was his first wife Jiang Dongxiu who mourned for him.

Hu Shi had a special affection for Hangzhou because of his love affair. At that time, Hu Shi and his nephew came to Hangzhou to study and recuperate at the same time. The residence for self-cultivation was in Yanxia Temple beside Yanxia cave. The temple was built in the Five Dynasties and gradually became unknown after the late Qing Dynasty. The so-called "one corner of the ancient cave is hidden in the setting sun, and the surrounding lancui is connected with the remote village". After passing the round cave gate of "the beautiful scenery of the haze", the temple in those days, the tea room today, and the old and simple style are still the same, and the main hall and the Zen room can be identified. There is a stone path in the backyard, winding through the south peak. The sound of morning bell and evening drum is no longer audible!

In today's teahouse, tea and rice are sold for 20 yuan per person. Food, tea, homely simplicity, appetite, here can not be fully enjoyed, it gives the world, but also a pile of cloud haze, a few wisps of osmanthus, empty valley sound, quiet like a peach garden. Especially in the autumn, osmanthus flowers everywhere, no need to try to sell flowers, osmanthus fragrance intoxicating. The cultural significance here is very strong. It is also comparable to the fragrance of Osmanthus in August. Couplets and plaques are everywhere. You can easily find a pair of them: "the empty Pavilion in the middle of the sky has rosy clouds, and the deep pines in June have no summer." It's remarkable, fresh and pleasant.

Back to Hu Shizhi. Mr. Shi Zhi's hometown, Jixi, Anhui Province, was used to the local life since he was a child. Although he had a large income as an adult, his life was simple. Besides three meals of "old man", he didn't eat snacks and ate little fruit. His hometown dishes, such as Siniperca chuatsi, and Sanshi: grouper with stone chicken and stone ear; Sanshan: shanjishanniushangui, are still very distinctive, and the taste is inseparable from the word "soil". In yanxialing, Hangzhou, if you want a farm food, you still have to go to the farmer's home. There is no trick, no posture, just for a true color. At this time, the early fall of autumn, the climate is slightly cold, listen to the autumn rain beat osmanthus, stone steps above, has been paved with bits of broken gold. On the Yanxia mountain, you can see the flowers with wine. The mountain is quiet and the day is long. You can feel the world.

Related newspaper clippings

2008

May 08

Hangzhou Yanxia Cave Scenic area plans to build Wangjiang Pavilion

On the east side of the largest and tallest two-story building in Yanxia cave, the Qianjiang management office is building a two-story Pavilion. When it is finished, you can see the invincible view of Qiantang River. In this way, Hangzhou people can return to the old habit of "looking at the river from the Yanxia cave".

"At present, the second phase renovation project of Yanxia cave is under way. After these two-story pavilions are built, come to the pavilion and enjoy the river view! " Huang Feiyan, chief of the infrastructure section of Qianjiang management office, told reporters yesterday that the pavilion stands at the top of Yanxia Cave Scenic Area. It has two floors, about 8 meters high, and each floor is about 30 square meters in size. The lower floor has white walls and round openings. The walls are decorated with falling and hanging styles. The upper floor is full of wood structure with windows on East, West and south sides.

The construction of these two-story pavilions began in April last year.

Raise the sunken pillars, replace the rafters and beams eroded by termites, set up a camera in front of Shuiyue Guanyin, the "best stone statue of Guanyin in China", and create a bright night scene with unique street lamps From April to September last year, the first phase of renovation project of Yanxia cave was carried out.

The first stage project selects a new large terrace for the largest and tallest two-story building of Yanxia cave

Chinese PinYin : Yan Xia San Dong