Zengpiyan site

Zengpiyan site

Located at the southwest foot of Dushan mountain in the southern suburb of Guilin City, Guangxi, the Zengpiyan site, dating from 12000 to 7000 years ago, is a representative site of the early Neolithic Age in South China, a national archaeological site park, and a historical and cultural card of Guilin city to show the "wisdom of the Chinese nation" to the world.

Discovered in 1965, first excavated in 1973 and re excavated in 2001, covering a total area of more than 200 square meters, rich cultural relics have been found. In 1978, the exhibition hall of Zengpiyan cave site was established and opened to the public.

Zengpiyan site is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and other units have carried out special research on the first phase pottery of Zengpiyan, which shows that the first phase pottery of Zengpiyan is a special clay sculpture and also a special pottery; it is directly used to cook food without firing after being kneaded and shaped, and such pottery can be completely potted after being burned at a higher temperature. Therefore, the first pottery of Zengpiyan is the rudiment of pottery, which belongs to "the rudiment of pottery". The emergence of pottery rudiments reveals the demand of human development from barbecue food to cooking food, touches the pulse of the origin of zhenpiyan pottery, and finally promotes the emergence of pottery. Pottery more than ten thousand years ago has been found in zhenpiyan, miaoyan and Dayan sites in Guilin. The pottery found in other sites in Guilin has an obvious inheritance relationship with the prototype of zhenpiyan pottery and the double mixing technology, which fully proves that Guilin is one of the origins of Chinese pottery.

In June 2017, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences held a "seminar on prehistoric archaeology in southern China and excavation of father son rock site in Guilin", which showed the new achievements of Prehistoric Archaeology of Zengpiyan in recent years, and experts unanimously agreed to name Guilin as the "holy land of wisdom for ten thousand years".

The Zengpiyan site is one of the important origins of Chinese pottery making technology, one of the most important scales and databases of Prehistoric Archaeology in South China and Southeast Asia, one of the settlements of ancient ancestors of modern people in South China and Southeast Asia, and one of the most suitable places to live since 12000 years ago.

geographical position

Located at the southwest foot of Dushan mountain in the southern suburb of Guilin City, the Zengpiyan site, dating from 12000 to 7000 years ago, is a representative site of the early Neolithic Age in South China. The Zengpiyan site museum was completed and opened on December 11, 1978. It is the third site museum in China born in the spring breeze of reform and opening up. It has gone through 40 years of ups and downs by 2018.

By 2018, Zengpiyan has developed into an important national site. In particular, since 2010, the Zengpiyan site was announced as one of the first batch of national archaeological sites parks by the State Administration of cultural relics, the party committees and governments at all levels of the country, autonomous region and Guilin city have attached great importance to the protection and utilization of Zengpiyan site, increased investment, and built an important national archaeological sites Park in South China, which has become a historical and cultural name to show the "wisdom" of the Chinese nation to the world "Ten thousand years of wisdom" has become Guilin's heavyweight cultural card.

archaeological research

Located at the intersection of Kaifeng Road and Wanfu Road, Xiangshan District, Guilin City, Zengpiyan site is a typical example of Neolithic cave sites in South China and even Southeast Asia. The site dates from 12000 to 7000 years ago. All previous archaeological excavations have unearthed cultural relics such as stone tools, pottery, bone ware, clam ware, horn ware and a large number of animal and plant remains.

Archaeological studies show that the Zengpiyan site is one of the important origins of Chinese pottery making technology. The ancestors of Zengpiyan are one of the ancient ancestors of modern people in South China and Southeast Asia. The Zengpiyan culture represents the best way for ancient people to adapt to the subtropical and tropical regions from 12000 to 7000 years ago. On the one hand, the Zengpiyan site reflects the outstanding innovation ability and civilization of Zengpiyan ancestors One belt, one road, is also a historical and important information for the development of prehistoric culture exchanges between China and Southeast Asia.

In 2001, Zengpiyan site was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council. In 2013, it became 150 major sites in China and an important national archaeological site park in South China.

Academic significance

Zengpiyan has become a "holy land of wisdom for thousands of years"

From June 22 to 24, 2017, a three-day seminar on prehistoric archaeology in southern China and excavation of Guilin father son rock site was held in Guilin. At the meeting, the State Administration of cultural relics, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Department of culture of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region jointly unveiled the Zengpiyan site museum in Guilin as a "holy land of wisdom for thousands of years".

Unearthed pottery

In 2001, the first phase of the pottery at the Zengpiyan site was discovered, which lasted for 15 years. The special research on the first phase of the pottery was completed by the Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Guangxi Institute of cultural relics protection and archaeology, Guilin Zengpiyan site museum, Guilin Institute of cultural relics protection and archaeology, and the Economic Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee of China Democratic League The research results are summarized.

In this study, the "double mixing" technology used in the "pottery prototype" enabled the ancestors of zhenpiyan to present their wisdom of tens of thousands of years ago to the world. Experts agree that the first period pottery of Zengpiyan is a special clay sculpture and pottery; It is directly used to cook food without firing after being kneaded and shaped. In the process of cooking, it has experienced different degrees of fire refining and has a certain density. Although it has not been fired to the temperature of pottery, it has the basic characteristics of pottery and the corresponding practical functions. Such utensils can be completely potted after being fired at a higher temperature. Therefore, the first pottery of Zengpiyan is the rudiment of pottery, which belongs to "the rudiment of pottery".

The emergence of pottery rudiments reveals the demand of human development from barbecue food to cooking food, touches the pulse of the origin of zhenpiyan pottery, and finally promotes the emergence of pottery. Pottery more than ten thousand years ago has been found in zhenpiyan, miaoyan and Dayan sites in Guilin. The pottery found in other sites in Guilin has an obvious inheritance relationship with the prototype of zhenpiyan pottery and the double mixing technology, which fully proves that Guilin is one of the origins of Chinese pottery.

Cultural relics protection

In September 2016, the Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Guangxi Institute of cultural relics protection and archaeology, Guilin Zengpiyan site museum, Guilin Institute of cultural relics protection and archaeology, and the Economic Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee of China Democratic League jointly issued the comprehensive opinion. The Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and other five units unanimously believe that the ancestors of Zengpiyan are intelligent people with high intelligence, the double mixing technology was invented by human beings ten thousand years ago, and Guilin is the holy land of human wisdom ten thousand years ago.

From June 22 to 24, 2017, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences held a "seminar on prehistoric archaeology in southern China and excavation of Guilin father son rock site" in Guilin. The conference showed the new achievements of prehistoric archaeology carried out by Guilin City in cooperation with the construction of Zengpiyan National Archaeological site park in recent years. Experts unanimously agreed to name Guilin as the "holy land of wisdom for ten thousand years".

Historical evolution

Zengpiyan site is located in the southwest foot of Dushan mountain. It is a residence and cemetery of Guilin ancestors in Neolithic age. It was discovered in 1965 during the general survey of cultural relics. It was first excavated in 1973 and then excavated again in 2001.

Qi Zhaojin, an associate researcher of the museum, said that the Zengpiyan site was discovered in 1965 and first excavated in 1973. Due to the limited level of science and technology at that time, the excavation was not standardized, and the cultural accumulation level and age of the site were not clear enough, so it was generally defined as the late Neolithic period 5000 years ago - the earliest primitive human cultural site. From June to August 2001, with the approval of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, under the leadership of Fu Xianguo, leader of Guangxi working team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the district and municipal cultural relics working teams cooperated with the Zengpiyan museum to re excavate the original site by using high-tech means. The determination was divided into 32 natural layers and 5 cultural accumulation layers of different periods. It was determined that there was a primitive life between 12000 and 7000 years ago Living in Zengpiyan. In the re excavated site, there are more species of animals and plants than before (the number of animals alone has increased from 70 to 113), and a special bird is also named "Guilin Guangxi bird". According to the analysis of the unearthed pieces, Guilin is one of the birthplaces of Chinese pottery.

Zengpiyan museum began to hold a popular science exhibition of "Guilin people ten thousand years ago" to let the general public and primary and secondary school students understand the profound cultural heritage of our magical land.

Cultural relics

In all previous investigations and excavations, 29 human tombs, one stone processing site, fire ponds, ash pits and other living relics were found. Hundreds of beaten and ground stone tools, perforated stone tools, bone utensils, horn utensils and clam utensils were unearthed. Tens of thousands of pieces of sand and clay pottery were made and pasted with clay pieces. Bones of mammals, birds, fish, turtles, gastropods and Lamellibranchia were discarded after human eating 113 species. These relics can be divided into five periods according to the land layer and cultural characteristics, which can outline the development track of Guilin primitive culture from 10000 to 5000 BC.

In the fifth period, clay pottery was further made by using slow wheel technology, and the traditional rope was removed

Chinese PinYin : Zeng Pi Yan Yi Zhi