Cao Kun's former residence

Cao Kun's former residence is the private garden of Cao Kun, the direct leader of the Northern Warlords. He has three other residences in Tianjin.

This Chinese and Western style garden is not only small and chic of traditional Chinese architecture, but also has the style of Western villa architecture.

Now it is used as a kindergarten instead of open to the public.

Cao Kun's former residence

Cao Kun, a native of Tianjin, was born in 1862. He was the last president of the Beiyang government. He had four luxurious houses in Tianjin. First, it is called "caojia garden" on Wuma road and Huangwei road in Hebei Province. Second, it is called "Guangyuan" on No.19 road in the British concession. Third, it's on road 43 in the British concession. Fourth, care about the second road in the concession.

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Four old houses

First place

In Wuma road and Huangwei road of Hebei Province, it is called "caojia garden". This house was originally built by comprador sun Zhongying in 1903. In 1922, it was sold to Cao Kun, and then a large-scale construction project was carried out to add verandahs, pavilions, pools and island pavilions to build a luxurious garden villa. It covers an area of more than 200 mu, with more than 4000 square meters of buildings and bungalows.

Second place

It was built in 1922 at No. 19 Road (now No. 211 Hebei Road, Heping District) in the British concession. It has two courtyards. In the front yard, a two-story main building with basement is built, with brick and wood structure and high steps; in the back yard, three small two-story buildings are built, and a flower wall is built side by side to separate the front and back yards. Among the three small buildings, on the right side is the young master building; on the left side is the young lady building; and in the middle is the guest building. On both sides of the courtyard wall to build two strip with a basement building, is a maid's house. There is a basement with water prison (male prison) and dry prison (female prison). The whole house has 78 buildings and 27 bungalows, with a construction area of 2370 square meters. Cao Kun's former residence was named Guangyuan. In 1916, Cao Kun was appointed governor of Zhili, and transformed the former prison Department of Zhili into a hotel. Cao Kun Mu's famous general Qi Jiguang renamed the hotel "Guangyuan" as his official residence in 1917. The park was originally the site of the right health department and Duanshi Department of daningdu in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, this place was Zhili XUNDAO prison department. Guangyuan covers an area of 21 mu, the main building has 21 rooms, the original northwest corner and northeast corner are quadrangles, ordinary bungalows. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was the residence of the Provincial Department of finance, and the northeast corner courtyard was completed. The main architectural style of Guangyuan is unique and elegant, integrating the architectural style of the East and the West. The building structure is rigorous, and the materials are mainly brick concrete. The main entrance of the main building is built on a high platform, with arched stone carvings on the upper part and stone columns on both sides of the lower part. The East and West ends of the building are pointed cylindrical rooms with Western characteristics. The windows are long wooden lattice shutters, elegant and regular. The external eaves of the building adopt the style of rafters of Chinese roof, and add a row of stone edges, which is like carving and parapet. There are several stone pillars on the front porch of the west side, which are thin on the top and thick on the bottom, and are integrated with Western characteristics, with a three-dimensional sense. This is a garden of Chinese and Western style, with traditional Chinese architecture

It is small and chic, and has the style of Western villa architecture. This is a garden of Chinese and Western style, which is not only small and chic of traditional Chinese architecture, but also has the style of Western villa architecture. From 1917 to 1921, Cao Kun invited Mei Lanfang, Shang Xiaoyun and other famous pear garden actors to perform in Baobao and lived in the garden. In 1920 and 1922, Cao Kun, as the leader of the direct warlord, planned the Zhiwan war and Zhifeng war in Guangyuan. On October 10, 1923, Cao Kun took office as president of the Beijing government, and the headquarters of the warlords moved to Beijing. After that, wars continued year after year. From 1927 to 1933, Zhang Xueliang, Yan Xishan, Chiang Kai Shek and others lived here. After liberation, Hebei People's broadcasting station and Provincial Department of education moved here. After 1958, the provincial capital moved to Tianjin, where it was transferred to Baoding special office. During the cultural revolution, Baoding foreign trade bureau moved here. At present, the buildings, gardens and rockeries in front of "Guangyuan" have been demolished. In June 1984, it was listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit.

Third place

43 road in the British concession (now 45 Luoyang Road, Heping District). Built in 1923, it is a two-story brick and tile building of western style with basement. There are 42 buildings and bungalows, with a construction area of 1153 square meters. There are four reinforced concrete columns in the front eaves of the main building, with patterns. The exterior wall is inlaid with yellow tiles, the interior decoration is exquisite, and the whole building is magnificent. Cao Kun's former residence, called Cao mansion, is a new western style building built by Cao Kun for his fourth wife Liu Fengwei after he left the country. It is a two-story brick and tile building with basement. There are 42 buildings and bungalows with a construction area of 1153 square meters. There are four reinforced concrete columns in the front eaves of the main building, with patterns. The exterior wall is inlaid with yellow tiles, the interior decoration is exquisite, and the patterns of flowers and animals are carved. The whole building is magnificent and well preserved. The former residence is now used by the kindergarten of Tianjin Culture Bureau.

Fourth

The second road in the concession (No. 27-29, Minzhu Road, Hebei District today) was built in 1919-1920. There are two small Western-style buildings with two floors and basement. They cover an area of 5.66 mu, with a total building area of 2468 square meters.

Profile

Cao Kun (1862-1938), named Zhongshan, was born in Tianjin. He graduated from Tianjin military academy. He once served as the commander of the third division of the Beiyang army and the governor of Zhili. In October 1924, during the second Zhifeng war, Feng Yuxiang, the commander-in-chief of the direct Third Army, returned to Beijing from the front line of Rehe to launch a coup. He imprisoned Cao Kun in Yanqing building of Zhongnanhai and sent a telegram to the whole country to advocate peace strike. On November 2, Cao Kun was forced to resign. The direct troops were defeated at the front. In October 1926, Feng Yuxiang launched the quduan mutiny with Lu Zhonglin and released Cao Kun. After 1927, he lived in Tianjin for a long time.

Life of the characters

In 1890 (the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he graduated from Tianjin Beiyang military academy and served as a sentinel officer of the Yijun army. In 1894, he went to Korea with Yijun to take part in the Sino Japanese War of 1894. The next year, he went to Tianjin station as the leader of the first battalion of the new army right wing team. Since then, he has been attached to Yuan Shikai and successively served as the 11th battalion leader of the Beiyang standing army, the first commander of the first town of the Beiyang army, and the third town commander. In 1907, he led the third town to Changchun, which extended the northern forces to Jilin and Heilongjiang. In 1911 (the third year of Xuantong), he led the army to attack the people's army in response to the Wuchang Uprising in Niangziguan. In February 1912, Yuan Shikai mutinied in Beijing, making excuses for his refusal to take office in Nanjing. In April 1914, he served as the commander in chief of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In September 1915, he wrote to change the state system to monarchy, which helped yuan to become emperor. In October, he became general Huwei. At the end of the year, the national defense war broke out. He served as the first and second commander-in-chief of the northern ocean army. The headquarters attacked Yunnan from Sichuan and Hunan, and was defeated by the national defense army. After Yuan died in June 1916, he served as the general office of Sichuan Military Affairs Council and the governor of Zhili in September. He was on both sides in the "battle between the government house" between premier Duan Qirui and President Li Yuanhong.

In 1917, he participated in Zhang Xun's restoration conspiracy. Later, he became the commander-in-chief of the West Road army, and led his troops to Beijing to fight against Zhang Xun. In July, he was also the governor of Zhili Province. In August, the war of protecting the law broke out, and then the acting president Feng Guozhang and the prime minister Duan Qirui fought and fought. In October, he was awarded General of the army. At the end of the year, he served as commander of the first route of the Hunan aid army. In January of the next year, he served as the Xuanfu envoy of the two lakes, led two divisions and five mixed brigades of the Beiyang army, entered Hunan via Hubei to attack the French guards, occupied Yueyang, Changsha, Hengyang and other places, and in June he served as the economic envoy of Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces.

After Feng Guozhang died in 1919, he was elected the leader of the direct warlord. In July 1920, in order to fight for the central government, he and the warlords of Anhui Department broke out the war of Zhi Wan and united with Fengxi to defeat Wanxi. In August, he served as the tour envoy of Shandong and Henan. In 1922, he competed with the Fengxi warlords for the central government. The first Zhifeng war broke out, driving Fengjun out of Shanhaiguan and dominating the central government. Then he was obsessed with seeking the power of the Grand President. In the name of restoring the rule of law, he drove the Grand President Xu Shichang out of power. After Li Yuanhong returned to office, he made many difficulties and forced the cabinet to collapse six times in a year. In June 1923, Li Yuanhong was expelled from Tianjin. On October 5, the military and police dispatched to hijack the Congress and bribe the congressmen to become the president. During the second Zhifeng war in 1924, he was ousted by the Beijing coup launched by Feng Yuxiang and others and imprisoned in Zhongnanhai. He was released in 1926 and went to Henan to join Wu Peifu. After Wu Peifu was defeated by the National Revolutionary Army in 1927, Cao lived in Tianjin. During the Japanese occupation of Tianjin, he refused to take up the post of puppet. He died in Tianjin in May 1938. In June, he was bestowed by the national government as a general of the army.

Address: No.2 Nanhai Road, Heping District, Tianjin

Longitude: 117.2064563497

Latitude: 39.115184203111

Traffic information: take bus No.2, 871, 906, 954 to Chongqing Road station.

Opening hours: not open to visitors at present

Chinese PinYin : Cao Kun Jiu Ju