Sanqing Hall of Daming Palace

Sanqing Hall of Daming Palace

On earth and in the sky, the immortal palace, Sanqing Hall of Daming Palace, is the temple where Taoism worships the Supreme God, the founder of Sanqing. Sanqing is the highest god of Taoism, so every Taoist temple must be dedicated. Sanqing hall is named "Sanqing hall" because it is honored as "the first heaven of Yuqing Dynasty", "the heaven of Lingbao of Shangqing Dynasty" and "the heaven of morality of Taiqing Dynasty". Sanqing hall is widely used in places that believe in Taoism. Among them, Sanqing Hall of Xuanmiaoguan in Suzhou, Sanqing Hall of Xinghua in Fujian, Sanqing Hall of Putian, Sanqing Hall of Weibaoshan, Sanqing Hall of Wuyishan, Sanqing Hall of Qingyang palace in Chengdu and other famous buildings are Chinese cultural relics.

Scale of Sanqing Hall

Sanqing hall is located in the east of Qingxiao gate in the northwest corner of Daming Palace. It is a high platform building. The platform base is high in the north and low in the south. The existing height is 15 meters in the north and 12.6 meters in the south. The plane is convex. It is wide in the north and narrow in the south, 78.6 meters long in the north and 53.1 meters wide in the East and West, 47.6 meters in the north, covering an area of more than 4000 square meters. The high platform is made of rammed earth, surrounded by 1.26 m thick brick walls. The surface is lined with polished bricks, and the bottom is paved with two layers of polished footstones. The foundation stone and brick wall are inclined upward at an angle of 11 degrees. From a large number of unearthed white and gray wall skins, we can see that there are halls or pavilions on them. The stone railings and drainage trough were installed on it, and stone remains were unearthed. There are two steps in the upper hall. One is the step road, which is located in the middle of the south. It is 15 meters long and 32 meters wide. The other is the ramp slow track, 43.25m long and trapezoidal in plane, which is located on both sides of the north end of the platform base. On both sides of the slow track, there are edging stones and stone railings. Many green glazed tiles and yellow, green and blue tiles were unearthed in the site, as well as a large number of green gray tiles. There are also copper components and pieces of gilt copper ornaments inlaid on wood components. In addition to the Sanqing palace, there are other Taoist temple sites in Daming Palace, such as Dajiao temple and Xuanyuan emperor temple.

Spiritual sustenance

In Tang Dynasty, Taoism was worshipped and Lao Tzu was worshipped. Sanqing hall was a palace building dedicated to Taoism.

The rulers of the Tang Dynasty advocated Taoism and regarded Lao Tzu as their ancestor. Therefore, there were Sanqing palace, Dajiao temple, Xuanyuan emperor temple and other Taoist buildings in Daming Palace.

Taoism has a special and profound origin with the Tang Dynasty. One of the important reasons is that the traditional power of the aristocratic families in the early Tang Dynasty was still very strong. If it was not a famous family, it would be difficult to get social respect. In order to improve his family background, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty took advantage of the coincidence that the surname of Li, the founder of Taoism, was Li, and that of the royal family was also Li. He attached that he was the descendant of Li, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Taoism became an important religion of the Tang Dynasty.

The activities of Taoists in Tang Dynasty run through the whole Li Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, they tried their best to publicize the relationship between Li Tang Dynasty and Lao Tzu, which laid the foundation for Taoist activities in the court. In the middle Tang Dynasty, with the support of the royal family, they extended the influence of Taoism from the court to the people, and set off a fanatical worship of Taoism in the "heyday of Kaiyuan". In the late Tang Dynasty, some Taoists, with the promise of the royal family, won a victory of "Prospering Taoism and destroying Buddhism".

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Wang Yuanzhi, a Taoist, told Li Yuan that he would become the "son of peace" under the pretext of serving the emperor's orders. Li Yuan was very pleased to learn that Wang Yuan was granted the official of zhichaosan, zisixiao and zhuijin Daoguan. Later, Li Shimin added him as a Guanglu official, and gave him 21 waiters to build Taiping temple in Maoshan. In the early years of Wude, Taoist Xue Yi went to the palace of the king of Qin. He said that Li Shimin was "virtuous and loyal to Qin, and the king should have the world." Taoist Qi Hui praised Li Yuan as a "true king" when he started his army. He sent 80 Taoist priests to meet him and set up a ceremony for him to pray for his victory in Chang'an. Later, Li Yuan and Li Shimin were able to pacify the world. They not only favored Taoism, but also believed that the emperor had the same surname as Li. They would remember the friendship of the same clan and had special pity on the Li family.

In addition, according to the literature, Wude three years (620 years). In May, a man named Ji Shanxing saw an old man with white beard on Zhu's horse in Yangjiao mountain. The old man told him to tell the emperor of Tang that I was his ancestor. After the bandit rebellion was put down, the children and grandchildren could be the emperor for thousands of years. The good deeds were told to Li Yuan. After hearing this, Li Yuan set up a temple for the old man in Yangjiao mountain. It goes without saying that this old man is the supreme emperor. Li Yuan and Li Shimin, who claimed to be the descendants of Laojun, greatly improved the status of Taoism. In 625, Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, announced that among the three religions, Taoism ranked first, Confucianism ranked second, and Buddhism ranked third. In 637, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, once again declared that he respected Taoism. From then on to the time of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, except for the time of Empress Wu Zetian, Taoism was always very popular.

At that time, Taoism was full of metropolis and small towns, and the middle view of famous mountains and secluded valleys was almost everywhere. The Xuanyuan emperor's temple in Luoyang, the eastern capital of China, is full of grandeur. The Taiqing palace in Chang'an has a white jade statue more than two feet high. Next to it, there is a white jade carving of Xuanzong bodyguard, which is more graceful and solemn. The famous Tongbai temple in Tiantai Mountain is "the mountains are connected, the four fields are green, the trees are lush, the seasons are clear There are many Taoist temples in Huashan, Wangwu mountain, Qingcheng Mountain, Xiandu mountain and Taishan Mountain. Even in remote mountains and valleys, there are traces of Taoism. Taoism has won the belief from the emperor to the common people.

First look at the emperor's enthusiasm for Taoism. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, joined Taoism after Taoist Wang Yuanzhi predicted that he would become the "son of peace". It is said that he also had three holes of Dharma. As a result, he took the medicine for prolonging the life of a Taoist priest named naluoyou, and died of poisoning. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty followed suit to Taoism, and asked Taoist Liu Daohe to return alchemy. It is said that a Taoist named ye fashan "preaches few talismans, but he is especially tired of impeaching ghosts and gods". Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty called him to the capital, "don't compare favors with favors.". Tang Ruizong asked Yang Taixi, a Taoist of Taiqing temple, to burn incense and pray for God's blessing. Tang Xuanzong's enthusiasm for Taoism reached its peak. He invited Lu Hongyi, Wang Xiyi, Li Hanguang, Ma Chengzhen, Zhang Guo and other most famous Taoists of that time to Chang'an to increase their official titles and trust them. He not only made his own alchemy, but also went to Taiqing palace and Taiwei palace to listen to Laozhuang. He not only revered the emperor as his ancestor, but also regarded the Taoist priest as a relative and put him in Zongzheng temple. He was not punished according to the common law for his guilt. He was only punished by Taoist precepts, and even married Princess Yuzhen to Taoist priest Zhang Guo.

The scholar bureaucrats' yearning for the immortal Taoism was no worse than that of the emperor. Wang Bo, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, often sighed that he was "popular but fond of smoke, and hated Lin Quan rather than virtue and Ruan". He also said that "I have lived for 20 years. I am tired of the city, cool and fond of rivers and seas, and I often study the immortal scriptures and Taoism". Therefore, I often travel to the Taoist temple and hand over the Taoist. Lu Zhaolin, another of the four heroes, studied Taoism in donglongmen jingshe. He repeatedly cooked the alchemy sand and took the prescription for many times. Even Chen Zi'ang, an innovator in the history of literature, is a believer in Taoism. Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet, expressed this idea in his works. He expressed his wish in Su Tong Bai Guan that he would like to solve his troubles from then on, and that he would like to travel far away to learn from him to live a long life. In you Jing Si Guan Ti Shan Fang, he also thought that he would gradually understand the mystery and forget his mind. Li Qi, a poet, was in contact with Zhang Guo, a Taoist. He really believed that Zhang Guo was a thousand years old and tried to make his own pills. Among the scholar bureaucrats, Li Bai was the most influenced by Taoism. He "recited Liujia at the age of five" and "visited the immortals at the age of fifteen". As an adult, he became friends with Taoists such as dongyanzi and yuandanqiu. They once heard Hu Ziyang, a famous Taoist, talk about Hunyuan. Later, Li Bai became a Taoist.

archaeological excavation

There are not many glazed tiles unearthed in Daming Palace, but glazed tiles of various colors were unearthed in Sanqing Palace site. It is not difficult to imagine the magnificence of that year. The picture on the right shows the Sanqing hall restored by architectural archaeologist Yang Hongxun.

Address: northwest corner of Daming Palace, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province

Longitude: 108.97116341166

Latitude: 34.289544891978

Chinese PinYin : Da Ming Gong San Qing Dian