Xi'an Incident Memorial

Xi'an Incident Memorial

The Xi'an Incident memorial hall is a relic museum built on the basis of Zhang Xueliang's residence and Yang Hucheng's Zhiyuan villa. The total area is 9141 square meters.

On February 23, 1982, the former site of the Xi'an Incident was named as the second batch of key cultural relics protection units in China by the State Council. In October 1983, the preparation office of Xi'an Incident memorial hall was established. In December 1986, on the occasion of commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Xi'an Incident, the Xi'an Incident memorial hall was officially built and opened to the outside world.

It has been named one of the first 100 patriotism education demonstration bases in China, youth patriotism education base in Shaanxi Province and Xi'an City, national defense education base, red scarf practice education base and one of the 100 red tourism classic scenic spots in China

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Introduction to the exhibition hall

The Xi'an Incident memorial hall is a relic Museum, which is reconstructed from the former site of the Xi'an Incident on the basis of the former Zhang Xueliang residence and Yang Hucheng Zhiyuan villa. On February 23, 1982, the site of the Xi'an Incident was named as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In October 1983, the preparation office of Xi'an Incident memorial hall was established. In December 1986, it officially opened to the outside world on the occasion of commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Xi'an Incident. The Xi'an Incident memorial hall is located in Zhang Xueliang's residence. The former site of Xi'an Incident.

Located at 69 Jianguo Road, Xi'an City, Zhang Xueliang residence covers an area of 7703 square meters. There are three three story brick and wood structure buildings and more than 20 bungalows in the hospital. There are "exhibition of the historical facts of Xi'an Incident", "exhibition of the life of General Zhang Xueliang, a meritorious person through the ages" and restoration of Zhang Xueliang's old residence.

Yanghucheng Zhiyuan villa is located at No. 117, Qingnian Road, Xi'an City, covering an area of 2331 m. The main body of the villa is a three story brick and wood structure building with a combination of Chinese and Western styles, and there are more than 10 bungalows. There are "life exhibition of General Yang Hucheng" and "restoration exhibition of former residence of Yang Hucheng" in the former site.

During the construction and development of Xi'an Incident memorial hall, it has undergone many maintenance, protection and display adjustments, especially from 2006 to 2009, the state invested a lot of construction funds. According to the requirements of the construction of red tourism classic scenic spots, the memorial hall comprehensively protected and repaired the former sites of Zhang Xueliang mansion and Yang Hucheng Zhiyuan villa, and re planned and renovated the environment and infrastructure of the museum area In December 2009, the construction of the red tourist attraction was completed and opened to tourists free of charge. After the renovation, the Xi'an Incident memorial hall has greatly improved its environment, display, service and reception. It has become a classic red tourism scenic spot in Xi'an and an important base of national patriotism education

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The cause of the incident

On December 12, 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched military admonition in Xi'an, China, forcing Chiang Kai Shek to resist Japan. In 1935, the Communist Party of China issued the "August 1 declaration", proposing the Anti Japanese national united front. The Anti Japanese movement of the whole nation has entered a new climax, and Chiang Kai Shek's policy of "first stabilizing the interior before resisting foreign aggression" is even more unpopular. Under the impetus of the climax of the national anti Japanese movement and the influence of the Anti Japanese United Front Policy of the Communist Party of China, the leaders of the two armies Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng began to contact with the Communist Party and the Red Army, which initially laid the political foundation for the three parties to unite against Japan.

On December 4, 1936, Chiang Kai Shek flew to Xi'an and threatened Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. If he did not step up the "suppression of the Communist Party", he would transfer Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng to Anhui and Fujian respectively and garrison them in the northwest by the central army. Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng urged Chiang Kai Shek to unite with the Communist Party to resist Japan, but Chiang refused. The two patriotic generals resolutely decided to carry out military admonition. In the early morning of December 12, Zhang Xueliang's guards arrived at HuaQingChi in Lintong, where Chiang Kai Shek was stationed, and exchanged fire with Chiang's guards. Hearing the gunfire, Jiang rushed across the back wall to escape, climbed the hillside to hide, and was captured after being searched and found by Zhang Xueliang's guards. At the same time, Yang Hucheng's subordinates detained more than 10 people, including Chen Cheng, a senior member of Chiang Kai Shek's party, government and military officers, who lived in the city. Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng immediately announced on the 12th that the "Northwest bandit suppression headquarters" would be cancelled and the northwest provisional Military Commission of the Anti Japanese coalition army would be established. Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng were appointed as the chief and vice chairmen respectively. Tongdian put forward eight proposals: reorganizing the Nanjing National Government, stopping the civil war, releasing the leaders of the National Salvation Association and all political prisoners, opening up the people's patriotic movement, protecting the people's freedom of assembly and association, implementing Sun Yat Sen's will, and convening the national salvation conference. At the same time, he called the CPC Central Committee and asked to send representatives to Xi'an to discuss the grand plan of uniting and resisting Japan. After the Xi'an Incident, the pro Japanese faction headed by he Yingqin advocated attacking Xi'an, taking the opportunity to expand the situation, seize Chiang Kai Shek's ruling power and further compromise with Japan. The British and American imperialists and the pro British and American Song Ziwen and Kong Xiangxi hoped that the incident would be resolved peacefully in order to safeguard Chiang Kai Shek's dominant position and the British and American interests in China. Song Ziwen and Song Meiling entrusted British consultant Duan Nafei to visit Xi'an. On the 16th, he Yingqin took the post of commander in chief of the "rebel army" and made corresponding military deployment, sending planes to bomb the areas near Xi'an.

The CPC Central Committee analyzed the situation at home and abroad and determined the policy of peaceful settlement of the incident. On the 17th, the CPC delegation headed by Zhou Enlai arrived in Xi'an for sincere talks with Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, and received people from all sides, insisting on a peaceful settlement of the incident. On the 22nd, Song Ziwen and Song Meiling flew to Xi'an to begin talks with Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and representatives of the Chinese Communist Party. On the 24th, an agreement was reached on reorganizing the Kuomintang and the national government, expelling the pro Japanese faction, accommodating Anti Japanese elements, releasing Shanghai Patriotic leaders, releasing all political prisoners, protecting people's rights, and uniting the Communist Party against Japan. Zhou Enlai once met with Chiang Kai Shek, who said that he would fulfill the above agreement with personal guarantee. On the afternoon of the 25th, Zhang Xueliang escorted Chiang Kai Shek away from Xi'an. The peaceful settlement of the incident promoted the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to cooperate again and realize unity and resistance against Japan, thus China realized the great transformation from the civil war to the national anti Japanese war. However, Chiang Kai Shek's treachery led to Zhang Xueliang's long-term imprisonment and Yang Hucheng's murder.

The Xi'an Incident memorial has received 1.5 million visitors in the past 20 years.

In June 1997, it was named as one of the first batch of "national 100 patriotic education demonstration bases" by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee; in December 2004, it was identified as one of the national 100 red tourism classic scenic spots.

Memorial hall is a construction project of red tourism scenic area, which includes display, site maintenance and infrastructure improvement. With the strong support of the State Administration of cultural relics and Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, the construction of red tourist attractions has been carried out in an orderly manner. In 2008, we completed the construction project of the red tourist attraction, presenting the audience with a new look of the Xi'an Incident Memorial.

The role of old houses

Zhang Xueliang residence

Zhang Xueliang residence was built in 1932. It is a three story western style building with brick and wood structure arranged from east to west. It is surrounded by a green brick wall. The gate is in the middle of the north wall. The East building is the office building, the middle building is the living room and conference room, and the West building is Zhang Xueliang's living room.

On December 12, 1936, patriotic generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng arrested Chiang Kai Shek in Xi'an, who was passive in Anti Japanese and active in anti Communist. The Xi'an Incident, which shocked China and foreign countries, broke out. After the incident, the Communist Party of China advocated a peaceful settlement, in order to smash the conspiracy of Japanese imperialism and the pro Japanese faction of the Kuomintang, promote the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and unite against Japan. On December 17, entrusted by the CPC Central Committee, Zhou Enlai led a CPC delegation to Xi'an to negotiate with Zhang and Yang and to negotiate with Chiang Kai Shek, forcing him to accept the idea of ending the civil war and resisting Japan unanimously. The peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident became the pivot of the current situation transformation, realized the transformation from civil war to Anti Japanese War, and promoted the formation and development of the Anti Japanese national united front.

After waiting for Xi'an, Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying lived in the East Building of Zhang's residence, where they had talks with Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, and with Song Ziwen, the representative of Nanjing government.

Yanghucheng Park

Zhiyuan is the location of Yang Hucheng residence, which is located in the north of Qingnian Road, North Street of Xi'an city. It was built in 1933. The main building is a traditional palace building.

On the eve of the Xi'an Incident, Zhang and Yang launched military admonishment here, and Zhou Enlai also visited Zhiyuan to negotiate in person, contributing to the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident.

Library layout

The former site of the Xi'an Incident is mainly composed of five halls, a military admonition Pavilion, a yellow building, a residence of Gao Guizi, a residence of Yang Hucheng and a guest house of Xijing.

On December 12, 1936, the famous "Xi'an Incident" broke out in modern Chinese history, which promoted the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, started the great Chinese nation's war of resistance against Japan, and was gloriously recorded in the glorious history of the Chinese revolution. Some places related to the "Xi'an incident" were also protected as historical witnesses.

Five rooms

Wujianting is located in Huaqing pool. It was Chiang Kai Shek's Xingyuan from October to December 1936. Chiang Kai Shek lived in the middle of the five rooms, with beds, round tables, sofas and chairs for Chinese and foreign visitors.

Military advice Pavilion

"Military admonishment Pavilion" was where Chiang Kai Shek was hiding in those days. After he was captured by soshan, he was immediately sent to Huanglou, a new town in Xi'an. Now Huanglou is in the compound of Shaanxi provincial government. It is set up by general Zhang and General Yang

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