Lugu Lake

Lugu Lake, formerly known as Lugu Haizi, also known as zuosoohai and commonly known as LIANGHAI, is located between Yanyuan County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province. The elevation of the lake is about 2690.75m and the area is about 48.45km2. The residents of the lake are mainly Mosuo people, but also some Naxi people. Mosuo people still keep the matriarchal clan marriage system. The unique "a Xia" marriage, natural and primitive folk customs, and beautiful natural scenery dye this ancient land with mysterious and beautiful colors, which is known as the "magical Oriental daughter country".

Lugu Lake

Lugu Lake, located at the junction of Yanyuan County in Sichuan Province and Ninglang County in Yunnan Province, is under the jurisdiction of Sichuan and Yunnan. Luguhu town in Yanyuan County (formerly Zuozuo District) is located in the east of the lake, and Yongning Township in Ninglang county is located in the west of the lake. The lake has an area of 50.1 square kilometers and a reservoir capacity of 2.252 billion cubic meters.

Lugu Lake belongs to the plateau fault collapse lake and belongs to the Litang river system, a tributary of Yalong River and a tributary of Jinsha River. It is the highest Lake in Yunnan Province and the third largest deep-water Lake in China. Around Lugu Lake, Mosuo people, Yi people and Pumi people live mainly. Along the coast, there are seven kinds of Mongolian people, about 13000 people. Beautiful natural environment and peculiar ethnic customs make it a famous tourist attraction.

The origin of the name

Lugu Lake was named ledehai and Luku Lake in ancient times. In the Naxi Mosuo language, "Lu" is the valley, and "Gu" is the Li, which means the lake in the valley. In Yanyuan County on the West Bank, zuosoo chieftain qianhusuo was set up in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. After liberation, zuosoo autonomous region was set up, also known as zuosoohai, commonly known as LIANGHAI and Lugu Lake.

Location context

Lugu Lake, located between Yanyuan County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County of Lijiang City of Yunnan Province, is a plateau fault dissolution and collapse lake, which is shared by Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, but the lakeshore line of Sichuan Province is higher than that of Yunnan Province In the east of the lake is Luguhu Town, Yanyuan County (formerly Zuozuo District), and in the west is Yongning District, Ninglang county. The regional geographic coordinates are between 27 ° 36 ′ 55 ′ - 27 ° 47 ′ 2 ′, 100 ° 43 ′ 36 ′ - 100 ° 54 ′ 20 ′ e, and the central coordinates are 100 ° 45 ′ - 100 ° 51 ′ E and 27 ° 41 ′ - 27 ° 45 ′ n.

Lugu Lake is the third deepest fresh water lake in China. The lake is slightly NW-SE trending, 9.5 km long from north to south, 5.2 km wide from east to west, 44 km long from shore, and 20 km long from Sichuan. The lake covers an area of 50.1 square kilometers, including 31.2 square kilometers in Sichuan. The lake catchment area is 247.6 square kilometers, and the Sichuan part is 140.6 square kilometers. The maximum water depth of Lugu Lake is 105.3 meters. The lake area with water depth more than 50 meters accounts for about half of the whole lake area. The average water depth is 40.3 meters. The reservoir capacity of the lake is 2.252 billion cubic meters. The maximum transparency of the lake water is 12 meters. The lake is 2685 meters above sea level.

Lugu Lake is under the jurisdiction of Yanyuan County of Sichuan Province and Ninglang County of Yunnan Province. Yanyuan County of Sichuan Province governs 29.6 square kilometers in the East (including 5.8 square kilometers of marshes) and Ninglang County of Yunnan Province governs 27.0 square kilometers in the West. There are five whole islands, four peninsulas, one long island and 14 bays in Lugu Lake. Five whole islands, three peninsulas and one seawall are scattered in the lake, which is generally 15-30 meters above the water surface. Surrounded by mountains around the lake, the goddess mountain of Gemu is high on the lakeside, and the Houlong mountain wedges into the center of the lake, forming a horseshoe shaped Lugu Lake.

Geology and geomorphology

geological structure

The Luguhu area belongs to the juncture zone of Hengduanshan block fault zone and Kangdian Taibei slope in geotectonics. It was formed by neotectonic movement and external force dissolution in the middle Quaternary. Lugu Lake is a plateau fault collapse lake, which is composed of a northwest southeast fault and two East-West faults. The Lugu Lake Basin belongs to the Bayan Har geosyncline. The Jinsha River fold system has developed Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata in the lake area. In the Quaternary, only the gravel layer near the lake can be seen, and there is no typical lacustrine sedimentation. The cliff triangle around the lake and U-shaped glacier valley type can be seen everywhere. The lake basin system is formed by faulting and glaciation. Due to the influence of tectonic movement, the lake basin is surrounded by mountains and the lake bank has many peninsulas Headland Bay.

Lugu Lake belongs to a relatively low-lying basin in Hengduan Mountain area. In geological structure, it belongs to fault structure. It is a plateau dissolution and fault depression lake basin formed by crustal movement. This structure is similar to Sailimu Lake in the north of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. The texture of the whole basin is rock, and the inner wall is very steep. However, the steep degree of the inner wall on the Sichuan side is lighter than that on the Yunnan side because there are a large number of mountain sediments alluvial into the lake in the geological history. The mountains on the Yunnan side almost plunge into the bottom of the lake. Lugu Lake belongs to dissolution geology, with karst development along the coast.

Geomorphological features

Lugu Lake belongs to the mountain valley area cut by Hengduan Mountain system, the mountain valley sub area in the north section of Hengduan Mountain, the original mountain area of East Yunnan basin and the junction area of mountain source sub area in Northwest Yunnan. There are seven islands in the lake, both large and small, all of which are limestone mounds. Along the lake, there are four large peninsulas extending into the lake. Among them, the long island extending from east to west is four kilometers long, covering an area of six square kilometers, blocking the lake into a horseshoe shape. There are long deep troughs in the East and steep slopes in the north and on both sides of Changdao. Shizishan is 3754.7 meters high in Hubei, Xiaojia volcano is 3737 meters high in the northeast, goudrillong mountain is 3400 meters high in the southwest, the highest point is the lake, and the main peak near Maoniuping is 4200 meters high in the southwest, forming a spectacular scene with a relative elevation difference of 1500 meters. Lugu Lake is like a mirror inlaid in Gaoyuan mountains. The surrounding mountains are mainly composed of Lower Silurian limestone and shale, which are distributed in the Shizishan area. The lower Triassic mudstone and sandstone with a small amount of marlstone are distributed in the West Bank of the lake. The South and southwest banks are composed of Upper Permian sandstone shale, siliceous rock, tuff breccia, tuff and sandstone shale with a small amount of limestone.

Lakeside mountain

Gemu goddess mountain, 3754.7 meters above sea level, is the highest peak around Lugu Lake. In Mosuo myths and legends, this mountain is the incarnation of the goddess Gome. During the Zhuanshan Festival, Mosuo people go to goddess mountain to offer sacrifices to the goddess.

Houlongshan is a long island wedged into the center of Lugu Lake, 4 kilometers long. Houlong is the male mountain god in Mosuo mythology. He and the goddess Gemu are the most beloved couple. They turned into mountain island, and wanted to see each other across the sea during the day. At night, they "got married" and spent a good night together.

Niaojueshan, belonging to Houlong mountain range, hides the ancient road of Mosuo people. After crossing the ridge of Houlong mountain, the ancient road can pass through Boao lake bay to Luowa Mosuo village.

islands

Heiwawu Island, liwubi island and Lige island are located on the side of Ninglang, in the middle of the lake, 2500 meters away from the lakeshore village. They are the habitat of migratory birds and wild ducks from south to north. They were the water palace of Ayun mountain chief of Yongning chieftain in the past. Locke, an American scholar, once lived here.

Daughter in law wa'e Island, also known as "Tusi island", "nailuopu", Naxi language known as "hengwagu". It is more than 2000 meters away from the lake bank and is located in the middle of the northwest half of the lake.

On Boao Island, the last Zuozuo chieftain built a biegong on it to house Xiao Shuming, a Han lady from Ya'an.

Heiwao Island, located in the center of the lake, is 2500 meters away from the lake shore village. It is the habitat of migratory birds and wild ducks.

Anao Island, located in Dazu lake bay.

Lake Bay

Dazu Lake Bay, located at the foot of Goddess mountain, is surrounded by anaero island. There is a Naxi village in the lake bay.

Niao Jue Lake Bay, a stone beach in the Bay, is covered with numerous pieces of golden Yellowstone.

Wakuohu Bay has an open area. Opposite is goddess mountain, with ten li sand bank. The highway along the lake leads to Lijiang, Yunnan Province. There is a ten mile sand bank in wakuohu Bay.

Caohai

Caohai, covering an area of 15000 mu, is located in the east of Lugu Lake. There are 37 kinds of aquatic plants, 42 kinds of rare birds, 11 kinds of fish, shrimp, shellfish, snail and frog.

hydrographic features

Lugu Lake is an outflow fresh water lake, belonging to Jinsha River system. The ratio of catchment area to Lake area (i.e. Lake recharge coefficient) is only 3.82, which is rare in other lakes in China.

The discharge of Lugu Lake reaches 3-5m3 / s in flood season. After October, the discharge is very small, and there is almost no leakage from January to May every year. The lake is a semi closed lake with good runoff producing conditions, abundant water supply and relatively small water loss. Lugu Lake is a high source deep water lake. The maximum water depth is 93.5 meters, and the lake area with a water depth of more than 50 meters accounts for about half of the total Lake area, with an average water depth of 40.3 meters, ranking third in China's deep-water lakes, next only to Tianchi Lake and Fuxian Lake. The capacity of the reservoir is 2.252 billion cubic meters, more than Dianchi Lake and less than Erhai Lake. The maximum transparency of the lake water is 12 meters, the pH value is between 7.7 and 8.6, the salinity is 0.54 mg / L, and the total hardness of fresh water is 5.5. The water quality of the lake reaches the national surface water class I standard.

The surface water temperature of HuGu lake is greatly affected by the external climate factors. The water temperature changes significantly in July and October, with a range of 17.1-22.0 ℃. However, in the deep water layer (below 40 meters), it is basically constant throughout the year, maintained at 9.5-10 ℃, and there is no icing period. Throughout the year

Chinese PinYin : Lu Gu Hu