Shizisi site

Shizisi site

The site of shizisi temple is located in sanpanshan, north of chechang village, Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District, Beijing. It is the site of Chinese Nestorian temple. Its geographical coordinates are 39 ° 44 ′ 31.60 ″ N and 115 ° 54 ′ 3.40 ″ E

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The site of Shizi temple covers an area of 200 square meters. It was first built in the Jin Dynasty. It was originally a Buddhist temple, which was called Chongsheng temple at that time. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed into a Nestorian temple again. In the Liao Dynasty, it was changed into a Buddhist temple again. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt and named Shizi Temple by Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty to restore Nestorianism. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was also a Buddhist temple. In the period of the Republic of China, it gradually declined and the temples were destroyed. It is an important material evidence of cultural exchanges between China and the West The religion and culture of the mainland have historical, cultural and artistic values

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In 2006, the shizisi site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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Historical evolution

In the first year of Jianwu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317), the temple was founded by Huijing, an eminent monk

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In 638, Chongsheng temple was rebuilt and changed into a Nestorian temple.

From 952 to 958, chongshengyuan was rebuilt and changed into a Buddhist temple, which was renamed sanpenshan chongshengyuan

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Liao Ying Li decade (960), temple set up three basin mountain Chongsheng Temple Monument

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In 1358, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty granted the name of the cross temple and restored the Nestorianism

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After the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1912), the cross temple was changed into a Buddhist temple.

In 1535, the stele of sanpenshan Chongsheng temple was rebuilt in Shizi temple

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During the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949), the cross Temple gradually declined and the temples were destroyed.

On September 6, 1931, the Japanese discovered an ancient stele of Nestorianism at the site of Shizi temple. In December of the same year, the Beiping municipal government, in order to protect the relics of Shizi temple, transported two pieces of stone carvings of Nestorianism to Beijing Museum for collection

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In 1936, when the cultural relics moved to the south, two pieces of Nestorian cross stone carvings were transported to Nanjing Museum

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Architectural pattern

The site of Shizi temple is located in front of sanpen mountain, with five temples, facing south and surrounded by mountains on three sides, covering an area of 200 square meters. There are two ancient ginkgo trees, one cypress tree, two white marble steles, two turtle stones and four stone pillar bases. The side length of the pillar bases is 78 cm and the height is 20 cm. Sunflower patterns are engraved on the pillar bases. The flower plates are flat and 54 cm in diameter. There are 16 petals around the flower plates and 16 petals on the petals There is also a cylindrical base with a diameter of 48 cm

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Cultural relics

The original Temple of Shizi temple has been destroyed, and its site still has the foundation of the temple. There is an ancient ginkgo tree with a circumference of 5.24 meters and a height of about 30 meters. A cypress tree is attached to the tree, and a small ginkgo tree with a height of more than 3 meters is 10 meters away from the left side of the ancient ginkgo tree. There are two white marble steles in the temple, one is a Liao stele, and the inscription on the front of the stele is "the stele of sanpen mountain Chongsheng Temple". The stele is 204 cm high and 91 cm wide The other is the yuan stele, with a cross carved in the ball at the top of the forehead and a stone cloud dragon carved on the left and right respectively. The stele is engraved with the inscription of chici Shizi temple in the middle, with a height of 307 cm, a width of 92 cm and a thickness of 20 cm. Near the stele, there are two tortoise stones carved with white marble and four stone column bases, with a side length of 78 cm and a height of 20 cm. The sunflower pattern is engraved on the column base, and the flower plate is flat and straight It is 54 cm in diameter, with 16 petals carved around the disc, and a round cloud pattern carved on the petals; there is another column base with a diameter of 48 cm; another two Nestorian cross stone carvings are collected in Nanjing Museum. The stone carvings are white marble carvings, 68.5 cm in height, 58.5 cm in width and 58 cm in thickness. The upper ends of the two stone carvings are concave; one of the stone carvings has a cross on the front and a Suli on the lower side Yawen: "look up to him and hope for him". On the right side of the stone carving is a bunch of chrysanthemums, and on the left side is a bunch of holly; on the other side is a cross without Syriac, with two peach shaped hearts facing each other

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Research value

The cross temple ruins, an important material evidence of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges, are precious relics of the temple of China. They have historical, cultural and artistic value for studying Chinese mainland's religious and humanistic culture.

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protective measures

In 2001, the Fangshan District Cultural Committee of Beijing entrusted a full-time cultural relic assistant to take charge of the safety work of the shizisi site, ensure the civilized visit of tourists, and prevent the loss and damage of cultural relics

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In 2006, the shizisi site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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History and culture

Nestorianism (Christianity) was introduced into China in the Tang Dynasty, rose in the era of Emperor Taizong and flourished in Emperor Xuanzong. In the fifth year of Qianfu (878 A.D.) of emperor Xizong of Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led the people to revolt. Among the people who died fighting for the Tang Dynasty to defend Guangzhou City, there were 100000 Arabs, Jews and Persians, most of whom were Nestorians. Shizi temple was at its peak in the Yuan Dynasty

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Tourism information

geographical position

The site of shizisi temple is located in the North sanpen mountain of chechang village, Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District, Beijing. Its geographical coordinates are 39 ° 44 ′ 31.60 ″ N and 115 ° 54 ′ 3.40 ″ E

 

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admission ticket

Admission to the site of shizisi is free.

Opening Hours

Opening hours: 08:00-18:00.

traffic

From the gate of Guang'an in Beijing, take Beijing bus No. 917 to Zhangfang, get off at the intersection of Zhoukou village, then transfer to Beijing Fangshan bus No. 38 via Fangshan, get off at chechang village, and walk to the site of shizisi

 

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Address: Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District, Beijing

Longitude: 115.94361305237

Latitude: 39.678985566808

Chinese PinYin : Shi Zi Si Yi Zhi