Imperial garden of the Forbidden City

Imperial garden of the Forbidden City

Imperial Garden is located on the axis of the Forbidden City in Beijing. After the palace of Kun Ning, the Ming Dynasty is called the palace court. The Imperial Garden in Qing Dynasty is the essence of Han garden architecture. It was first built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), and has been renovated since then. Now it still retains the basic pattern of the initial construction. The park is 80m long from north to South and 140m wide from east to west, covering an area of 12000 m2. The main building in the park, Qin'an hall, is of double eaves and roof type. It is located on the North-South central axis of the Forbidden City. With it as the center, pavilions are spread forward and on both sides. The green pines, cypresses and bamboos in the garden are interspersed with rocks, forming an evergreen garden landscape, reflecting the traditional Han culture of the unity of man and nature.

brief introduction

Yongle in the Ming Dynasty 15 years (1417) began to build, completed in 18 years, known as the "palace after the court.". Qing Dynasty Yongzheng Dynasty, known as the "royal garden.". Located at the north end of the central axis of the Forbidden City, Kunning gate is connected with the back three palaces in the south, and Qiongyuan east gate and Qiongyuan west gate are set on the left and right, which can lead to the six palaces in the East and West; in the north are the archway gate and shunzhen gate surrounded by fumen, Yanhe gate and Chengguang gate, which are facing the Shenwu gate in the northernmost boundary of the Forbidden City. The garden wall is 135 meters wide from east to west and 89 meters deep from north to south, covering an area of 12015 square meters, accounting for 1.5% of the area of the Forbidden City.

There are four gardens of different sizes in the Forbidden City. They are royal garden, CI Ning palace garden, Jian Fu Palace garden and Ning Shou palace garden. Among them, the royal garden has the largest area. Its overall layout and local embellishment are extremely exquisite. The various and colorful pavilions and pavilions in the park show the outstanding talents and artistic creativity of the ancient Han working people.

The buildings in the park adopt the layout of central axis symmetry. The middle road is a courtyard with double eaves and a Qin'an hall with gilded vase as its main building. The buildings on the East and West roads are basically symmetrical. On the East Road, there are Duixiu mountain Yujing Pavilion, fucao hall, Fubi Pavilion, Wanchun Pavilion and jiangxue Pavilion; on the West Road, there are Yanhui Pavilion, weiyuzhai, Chengrui Pavilion, Qianqiu Pavilion, yangxingzhai, as well as Sishen temple, Jingting and Lutai. The vast majority of these buildings are for recreation and appreciation or worship of the Buddha. Only fucao hall has been storing the collection of Siku Quanshu for the emperor's reference since the time of Qianlong. Most of the buildings are built on the wall, with only a few exquisite pavilions standing in the garden. The park is full of ancient cypress and old locust trees, with a list of stone and jade seats, bronze statues of Jinlin and potted flower stake scenery, which adds to the changes of the scene in the park and enriches the level of the landscape. The ground of the royal garden is decorated with colorful pebbles to form symbolic patterns of fortune, fortune and longevity. The famous Duixiu mountain is the place for climbing on the Double Ninth Festival in the palace. It has unique stones, winding paths, stone sculptures, flat dragons and spray screen walls. The gate is shunzhen gate. From this gate is shenwumen square, to the north gate of the Forbidden City. To the south is the Kunning gate, which leads to the entrance of the back three palaces. The southwest corner is the right gate of langyuan, which leads to the West six palaces; the southeast corner is the left gate of langyuan, which leads to the East six palaces.

Historical evolution

After liberation, after the joint study of the ancient architecture expert Shan Shiyuan and other experts and scholars, the two illegal buildings of late Qing Dynasty, which had no practical value in whole or in part, were completely demolished in 1959, and two bamboo groves were planted in situ. The green bamboo echoes with the white pine in the courtyard and several Yuye plum trees outside the wall, forming a wonderful place for pine, bamboo and plum trees to be friends with each other.

On the west side of the imperial garden is Yanhui Pavilion, which is separated from weiyuzhai by a small corridor. It used to be a gray roofed house in the late Qing Dynasty. The "illegal buildings" in the late Qing Dynasty were on the verge of collapse after liberation due to disrepair.

In 1959, under the personal guidance of Mr. Shan, the dilapidated house was demolished. A square brick platform was built on the spot. There are several bamboos planted in it, and six light green sword stones of different lengths stand in it. Sword stone is 4 or 5 meters long and less than 2 meters short. Several peonies are planted in front of the stone. Among them, there is also a rare tree peony - ink peony. When the flowers bloom, the red wall is lined with green sword stones and green bamboos, and the red peony and the ink peony compete for splendor, attracting countless visitors to linger.

In the southeast of the Royal Garden, a piece of bare loess land in front of the snow pavilion was used by the emperor to raise cranes in the Qing Dynasty, which was called crane circle. The two sides corresponding to it are the places where the emperor raised deer, called deer circle. It means "spring with crane and deer". Originally, there were railings around the two places. After liberation, they were demolished because they no longer raised cranes and deer here.

Now, on the site of the original Hequan, there stands a Taihu stone more than 3 meters high. It's big on the top and small on the bottom, convex and concave and changeable. It's extremely exquisite. It's integrated with the surrounding scenery, and its momentum is extraordinary. It's really wonderful.

It's a gift for this stone to come to the Forbidden City. It was originally a thing of Yuanmingyuan. I don't know when and why it was abandoned in a factory outside Xizhimen in Beijing. In the spring of 1959, the unit planned to dispose of the site at will. Mr. Han tiean, who was the consultant of the Imperial Palace Gardens at that time, was informed of the incident, and he soon informed Mr. Shan Shiyuan, who was in charge of the ancient gardens of the imperial palace. Mr. Shan knew the treasure with a keen eye and entrusted Mr. Ma Liangjie, the then director of the garden department, to negotiate with the factory to buy it at a price of 100 yuan.

After the stone came to the palace, it was placed on the former site of Hequan, which made the stone add luster to the garden and the garden add color to the stone.

Architectural features

1 - Kunning gate 2 - Tianyi gate 3 - Qin'an Hall 4 - Yujing Pavilion 5 - qinzaotang 6 - Fubi Pavilion

7 - Wanchunting 8 - jiangxuexuan 9 - qiongyuandongmen 10 - yanhuige 11 - weiyuzhai 12 - chengruiting

13 qianqiuting, 14 yangxingzhai, 15 qiongyuanximen, 16 chengguangmen, 17 jifumen

18 shunzhenmen 19 yanhemen

The royal garden is based on its ancient trees and flowers, pavilions and pavilions, rugged rocks and stone paintings And it's famous.

The center of the imperial garden is the Qin'an hall, but there are two dilapidated old grey tile houses built in the late Qing Dynasty on both sides of it. Because there was no plan, the cypress trees in the courtyard were covered in the house. From the outside, an ancient cypress emerges from the roof, which is very nondescript.

Relevant evaluation

In 1959, when the last emperor, Aixinjueluo Puyi, revisited the Forbidden City to write his memoirs, he couldn't help saying many times to Mr. Shan Shiyuan, who accompanied him to visit the Forbidden City: "I don't know you for your good practice and protection!"

Today, walking in the garden and looking back on the past, how can we not express our deep respect to the party and the government and the people who have made outstanding contributions to it!

geographical position

the Imperial Palace

Inside.

Address: the Palace Museum, Dongcheng District, Beijing

Longitude: 116.396882496

Latitude: 39.92146243857

Chinese PinYin : Gu Gong Yu Hua Yuan