Chuodun site

Chuodun site

Chuodun site is located in beichuodun village, Zhengyi Town, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province. It is about 2 kilometers away from Zhengyi town in the South and 10.5 kilometers away from Kunshan City in the East. It is located in the narrow zone between Yangcheng Lake and puppet lake, covering an area of 350000 square meters

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The Chuodun site covers an area of 3393 square meters. 85 tombs, 14 house sites, 80 ash pits and more than 800 pottery, stone and jade artifacts were found from Neolithic Liangzhu culture to Majiabang culture. In addition, 86 ash pits from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Maqiao culture period were found, and more than 500 pieces of pottery, stone tools and other relics were unearthed. In addition, one ash pit was found in Han Dynasty, 10 tombs and 37 ash pits were found in Tang and Song dynasties

. The strata of three kinds of prehistoric cultures in Chuodun site are clearly superimposed, which provides important information for the study of prehistoric culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

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On May 25, 2006, Chuodun site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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Historical evolution

The Neolithic cultural accumulation of Chuodun site lasts a long time, including Majiabang culture (5000-4000 BC), Songze culture (3800-3200 BC), Liangzhu Culture (3300-2000 BC), Maqiao culture (1900-1200 BC), and Tang and Song Dynasty (618-1279 BC)

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In January 1961, when Nanjing Museum conducted an archaeological survey in Taihu Lake area, Chuodun site was found

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In the 1980s, local brick factories took soil from Chuodun site and gradually leveled it to the ground

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From July 30 to August 7, 1982, Nanjing Museum, with the cooperation of Kunshan cultural center, made a trial excavation of Chuodun site, covering an area of 111 square meters

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In 1998, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan Cultural Relics Management Institute jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate the Chuodun site

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From November 8 to December 24, 1999, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan cultural relics administration jointly formed an archaeological team to carry out the second rescue excavation of Chuodun site

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From October 18, 2000 to January 15, 2001, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan cultural relics administration jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate the Chuodun site for the third time, covering an area of 540 square meters

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In 2001, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan cultural relics administration jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate the Chuodun site for the fourth time, covering an area of 380 square meters

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From the autumn of 2002 to the spring of 2003, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan cultural relics administration jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate the Chuodun site for the fifth time. The excavation work was divided into two phases, with a total excavation area of 1128 square meters

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From the end of 2003 to the spring of 2004, Suzhou Museum, Kunshan Cultural Relics Management Institute, Nanjing Soil Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Suzhou soil fertilizer station jointly conducted the sixth archaeological excavation of Chuodun site. The excavation was carried out in two stages, covering an area of 720 square meters

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Site features

Chuodun site is 500 meters long from east to west and 800 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 350000 square meters

. The cultural layer is exposed on the cliff in the northeast of Chuodun site and the cross section in the west of Chuodun site. The first layer is disturbed soil layer, about 0.5-1m thick, brown yellow; the second layer, from 0.5-3.8m thick, about 3M thick, soil color is gray yellow, mixed with red burnt soil debris; the third layer, from 3.8-5m thick, about 1.2m thick, soil color is light gray, soft; the fourth layer, from 5-6m thick, about 1m thick, soil color is gray black, soft; the fifth layer, about 6m thick, about 2m thick, soil color is dark gray, soft

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Cultural relics

In the 1980s, 18 pieces of Liangzhu culture relics, such as jade Cong and stone Yue, were unearthed when the floor tile factory took soil from Chuodun site

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In 1982, Nanjing Museum and Kunshan cultural center excavated a Liangzhu Culture tomb at Chuodun site

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In 1998, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan Cultural Relics Management Institute jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate the Chuodun site. Chuodun site contains three stages of Majiabang culture, Songze culture and Liangzhu culture. 27 tombs and 1 ash pit of Songze culture, 1 house site, 4 ash pits and 2 ash ditches of Liangzhu culture were cleared. 150 pieces of pottery, stone, jade and bone artifacts were unearthed

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In 1999, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan Cultural Relics Management Institute jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate the Chuodun site. Two Liangzhu Cultural houses and one Songze cultural house were excavated in No. 4 exploration site. The ruins of earth wall, living surface, pillar hole and kitchen pit were found. A group of ash pits were found in the east side of Majiabang cultural cemetery. Three large antlers and one complete deer tooth were found in the pits

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From October 18, 2000 to January 15, 2001, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan cultural relics administration jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate at Chuodun site, and found 1 Majiabang cultural house site, 1 ash pit and 5 tombs; 1 Songze cultural house site, 1 ash pit and 1 water well; 2 Liangzhu Cultural house sites, 8 ash pits and 1 sacrificial platform; 14 ash pits and 6 water wells from Maqiao culture to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; and 6 water wells from the Tang Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty There are two tombs in Song Dynasty, two wells in Song Dynasty and more than 200 artifacts unearthed

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In 2001, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan Cultural Relics Management Institute jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate the Chuodun site. Two shallow cavern houses of Liangzhu Culture and one river channel of this period were discovered. A black leather pottery pot with broad handle and a lacquer bowl with bird pattern were unearthed from the house site F11

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From the autumn of 2002 to the spring of 2003, Suzhou Museum and Kunshan cultural relics administration jointly formed an archaeological team to excavate the Chuodun site. 164 sites were found, the most important of which was the discovery of 24 paddy fields during the Majiabang culture period. These paddy fields are the use of low-lying land formed naturally or small farmland reclaimed according to the terrain. Beside them are drainage ditches and water storage pits for irrigation. A large number of carbonized rice grains were washed out from the field soil samples, which were long grain, oval and other forms. The density of rice plant opal per gram of soil samples was more than 5000. In 164 sites, 363 artifacts of different periods were unearthed, including pottery, stone tools, bone ware, etc. In the area of 300 square meters, 22 paddy fields of Majiabang culture period were found

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Research value

The remains of earth wall, living surface, pillar hole and kitchen pit found in Chuodun site provide important information for the study of architectural characteristics at that time. The antlers and teeth found in the East ash pit of Majiabang cultural cemetery are of great value to the study of the history of "Lucheng" in Kunshan. The three kinds of prehistoric culture strata of Chuodun site are clearly superimposed, which represents the development sequence of the whole Jiangnan primitive culture, and provides important information for the study of the prehistoric culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The rice field of Majiabang culture period discovered in Chuodun archaeological site is of great significance to the study of the origin of rice in China, especially the origin of cultivated rice. At the same time, it is also of great significance to further study the climatic conditions, natural environment, living space of animals and plants in Majiabang period

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protective measures

On May 25, 2006, Chuodun site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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In 2010, the people's Government of Jiangsu Province, together with the Chinese Academy of cultural heritage, analyzed and evaluated the Chuodun site, determined the protection principles and Strategies of the Chuodun site, defined the planning requirements of the cultural relic protection zoning, environmental planning, display and utilization, management and archaeological work of the Chuodun site, and formulated the master plan for the protection of the Chuodun site in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province by stages

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History and culture

The origin of the name

In the middle of Chuodun site, there was a mound 70 meters long from north to south, 30 meters wide from east to west, and about 6 meters high. According to Kunshan county annals, Huang fanchuo, a court artist during Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was good at "military opera" and was buried here after his death, so it was named Chuodun

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Cultural connotation

The cultural connotations of Chuodun site are Majiabang culture, Songze culture, Liangzhu Culture and Maqiao culture from bottom to top, and there are also remains of Tang and Song dynasties. The settlements of Majiabang culture period are divided into operation area (rice farming area), residential area and burial area

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Tourism information

geographical position

Chuodun site is located in beichuodun village, Zhengyi Town, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province. It is about 2 km away from Zhengyi town in the South and 10.5 km away from Kunshan City in the East. It is in the narrow zone between Yangcheng Lake and puppet lake

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Address: Chuodun village, Zhengyi, Baicheng Town, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province

Longitude: 120.842902583

Latitude: 31.3998442019

Chinese PinYin : Chao Dun Yi Zhi