Jingshan Park

Jingshan Park

Jingshan Park is located in jingshanqian street, Xicheng District, Beijing. It is located on the central axis of Beijing City in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It faces Beihai in the West and shenwumen in the south. It is the imperial garden of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Jingshan in the center of the park is made of soil, which used to be the commanding height of the whole city.

Jingshan Park was established in 1928, with a total area of 23 hectares, including 1100 square meters of flower lawn. The park is a national AAAA tourist attraction,

There are qiwanglou, wufangting, shouhuang hall, Yongsi hall, peony garden and other scenic spots in the park.

From September 28, 2018, ticket sales will stop after the park is "full".

On May 6, 2019, the first Beijing Peony Culture Festival will open in Yanqing. From now on to May 30, citizens can enjoy the beauty of the country in Jingshan Park and other six parks. Jingshan Park has collected 569 peony varieties at home and abroad, with a total of more than 20000 trees, covering nine color lines and ten flower types.

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Historical evolution

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In ancient times, Jingshan, Beihai and other places were the old roads of Yongding River. Now the river course of Jingshan is relatively high, and it gradually becomes a mound after the Yongding River is diverted. During the construction of yaoyu Palace (today's Qionghua island in Beihai Park) in Liao Dynasty, the surplus soil was deposited here. In the 19th year of Dading in the Jin Dynasty, Jin Zhangzong built the taining Palace on the south side of the area, chiseled xihuatan (now Beihai), piled up hills here, and built the Royal Garden, known as "Beiyuan". It is surrounded by two walls at the foot of the mountain, and Yao guanglou is built on the mountain, which is known as one of the twelve sceneries of Jinzhong capital.

In the middle of the 13th century, Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, built Dadu in 1267. Tuqiu is located in the center of Dadu city and north of Yanchun Pavilion, the core building of the imperial palace. Therefore, it was set up as a "back garden" for the emperor to visit. There are 80000 square meters of mature land in the garden. The emperor of Yuan Dynasty worked here to show the world. At that time, the original mound in Jin Dynasty was called "Qingshan" as the name of earth mound. It is also said that it was also called "Zhenshan" in Yuan Dynasty.

In 1368, Xiao Xun, a doctor of the Ministry of industry, took part in the demolition of the Palace Museum of the Yuan Dynasty, enjoying the scenery of the back garden, the golden hall, the green hall, the Flower Pavilion, and the felt Pavilion. During the Yongle period, Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, built large-scale cities, palaces and gardens in Beijing. According to the theory of "black dragon, white tiger, rosefinch and Xuanwu are the four spirits of the heaven, and they are all square", the north of the Forbidden City is the place of Xuanwu, and there should be mountains. Therefore, the soil excavated from the Forbidden City of Tongzi River, Taiye and Nanhai is piled up in the "green mountain" to form five peaks, which are called "long live mountain". In the early Ming Dynasty, the imperial court piled coal in Jingshan to prevent fuel shortage caused by the siege of Beijing by the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, the mountain is also called "coal mountain". In addition, according to the painting of Beijing Palace (collected in the library of Northeastern University, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan) in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, it is also known as "Zijinshan".

On March 19, 1644, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan after Li Zicheng conquered Beijing. Li Zicheng's army invaded Beijing, and Zhu Youjian, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, died on an old Sophora tree at the foot of Shandong Province. After the Qing army entered the pass, in order to win the hearts of the people, they called the tree "sin Huai" and locked it with iron chains. They also stipulated that all members of the royal family of the Qing Dynasty had to dismount and walk through the pass.

In 1651, long live mountain was renamed Jingshan. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, qiwanglou was built in front of the mountain, and five square Buddhist pavilions were built on the mountain. There are Wanchun Pavilion in the center, Guanmiao Pavilion and Zhoushang Pavilion in the East, Jifang Pavilion and Fulan Pavilion in the West. Rebuild the shouhuang Hall Complex behind the mountain. At the same time, a monument was erected on the east slope of Jingshan where emperor Chongzhen hanged himself. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the architecture of Jingshan reached the most brilliant and prosperous stage. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Jingshan garden has been designated as an important part of the Imperial Palace, so all the buildings were built according to the rules of the imperial palace. It is very rare that the level is high, the form is different, and the original appearance is intact.

decline

In 1900, during the gengzi incident, the Allied forces of eight countries occupied Beijing and Jingshan was seriously damaged. After the French army entered the city, they went up to Jingshan first, and more than ten people guarded the gate of the garden to prevent the Japanese army from entering. They let the Russian army in first, and then let the Japanese army in. Among the Buddha statues in the five pavilions in Jingshan, four of them were looted, and the furnishings and treasures of each hall were also looted. When the emperor and empress returned to Luan, Jingshan was no longer beautiful. After emperor Xuantong abdicated the throne, Jingshan was still used by the Qing Royal family according to the preferential conditions for abdication of the Qing Dynasty. In 1924, Feng Yuxiang occupied Jingshan, set up cannons and expelled Puyi from the palace. After that, Jingshan was once barren, and troops were often stationed.

revival

In 1928, Jingshan was turned into a park under the management of the National Palace Museum, which was restored for visitors to enjoy. Article 1 of the regulations on the organization of the national Beiping Palace Museum was amended on September 25, 1947: "the national Beiping Palace Museum, which is directly under the Executive Yuan, is in charge of all the buildings in the old Forbidden City and within Tiananmen Square, the grand Gaodian temple, the Qingtai temple, Jingshan, huangshichengqing hall, etc., as well as the arrangement, preservation, exhibition and circulation of ancient books and documents." This provision is similar to that in the 23rd and 25th years of the Republic of China.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, from 1950 to 1955, Jingshan was used for a short time by the army as an air defense position of the air defense command of the North China military region. On October 291954, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the New Democratic Youth League of China sent a letter to Liu Lantao, Peng Zhen, Xi Zhongxun, Lu Dingyi, Yang Shangkun and Xiao Hua of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, requesting that the air defense position of the North China Military Region Air Defense command in Jingshan Park of Beijing be removed and transformed into a children's Cultural Park of Beijing, in which children's palace, children's stadium and other places should be set up It is jointly managed by the Municipal Bureau of education and the Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League, or by the Ministry of education and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League. On December 12, Peng Zhen wrote to Liu Lantao and Hu Yaobang, agreeing to turn Jingshan into a children's palace. On June 1, 1955, Beijing Children's palace was officially put into use.

On July 16, 1955, Jingshan Park began to welcome visitors again. In 1957, the Party group of the Capital Planning Commission, under the direct leadership of Zheng Tianxiang, put forward in the preliminary plan of the 1957 master plan that a series of ancient buildings with the Forbidden City as the main body should be firmly protected; the temple of heaven, Beihai, Jingshan, the summer palace and other parks should be kept in their original areas and the occupation should be prohibited. In 1957, Jingshan was listed as the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Beijing.

During the cultural revolution in 1966, the national red guards were in series, and Jingshan Park was renamed "Red Guards Park". (Beihai Park is called "workers, peasants and soldiers Park"). It was closed from February 21, 1971 until March 1, 1978. In 2001, Jingshan was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 2003, Beihai Jingshan Park Management Office was divided into two parts and established an independent Jingshan Park Management Office, which belongs to Beijing park management center.

There are more than 1000 ancient pines and cypresses in the park, and tens of thousands of peonies, peonies and other flowers are planted. With frequent flower and bonsai exhibitions and various cultural activities, this ancient royal garden is full of vitality in the new era. Jingshan Park Scenic Spot Jingshan Park is a park on the central axis of Beijing, belonging to the Xicheng District, on the north side of Shenwu gate, the north gate of the Forbidden City. Jingshan Park is dominated by Jingshan, with lush pines and cypresses, as well as peonies introduced from all over the world.

Name source

In 1655, the Imperial Palace was named "Forbidden City", and the back mountain, Wansui mountain, was renamed Jingshan. The name of Jingshan can be found in the book of songs. "Poetry · Shang song · Yin Wu": "Zhibi Jingshan, Songbai pill." "Poetry · wind · dingzhifangzhong": "looking at Chu and Tang, Jingshan and Beijing."

This "Scene" means "tall". There are many usages of "Jingshan" in the past dynasties. Yao Kuan of the Song Dynasty wrote in his Xixi Congyu: "the poem says," when you look up on a high mountain, you stop when you walk. " If a person has a view and action, he should do it according to the effect. If he is as high as a mountain, he should look up to it. Nowadays, there are some people who "admire" the bamboo slips. Emperor Wen of the Wei Dynasty wrote: "I admire you when you travel in high mountains." "Yes." Ren Yansheng's stele says: "look at the Jingshan mountain and admire it with awe." Although the poem "zhibijingshan" (zhibijingshan "Zhi") is quoted, the original work "Ling" is from Miao school. The poem "Yin Wu" is called "Zhi", but it doesn't mean to travel on high mountains. " In Cao Zhi's seven inspirations and eight poems of the Three Kingdoms (see Zhaoming anthology Volume 34), it is said that "we should respect the high foundation of Jingshan mountain and stand up to the breeze." Note: "if the base is like Jingshan, the speech is extremely high. Mao Chang's poem said: worship, establish also. Mao's poem says, "Zhibi Jingshan." In the Western Jin Dynasty, Cheng Gongsui's Sheng Fu (selected works of Zhaoming, Volume 18) said, "if you visit Chonggang, Ling Jingshan. Linyan side, Wang Liuchuan. Sit on the stone and rinse the spring. " Note: "Jingshan, Dashan also." In the Southern Dynasty, Liang and Ren Yansheng wrote a table for fan Shixing to build a monument to taizai (see Zhaoming anthology, Vol. 38), which said, "looking at the Jingshan mountain, I admire it in vain." Note: "Jingshan is also called tomb. Mao's poem says, "Zhibi Jingshan."

Emperor Qianlong wrote in his general record of the imperial control of Baitashan: "the palace screen is called Jingshan." This is different from the above explanation.

Jingshan is indeed a place name in Chinese history. According to the book of mountains and seas, the book of Beishan: "another 300 Li to the south, it is called Jingshan. To the south, it looks at the salt peddler and to the north, it looks at Shaoze. It has more grass and azulene, more pepper and more ochre

Chinese PinYin : Jing Shan Gong Yuan