Xifengkou

Xifengkou is an important pass in the eastern part of Yanshan Mountains in North China. It is located 40 kilometers north of Qianxi County and close to Kuancheng county. It is formed by cutting Yanshan Mountains from north to south by Luanhe River. The pass has sunk into the reservoir area of Panjiakou Reservoir.

Songting was set up at the beginning of the Han Dynasty. After that, Songting pass moved north to Kuancheng. The original pass was renamed lulongsai before the Tang Dynasty. It is said that there was a father and son who had been separated for a long time and finally met here in ancient times, so it is commonly known as "xifengkou". In 1452, the Ming government built a pass here to connect with the Great Wall, which was called xifengkou pass. After the reign of Xuande in Ming Dynasty, xifengkou gradually became the dividing line between the actual control area of Ming Dynasty and the Mongolian tribes. After the second year of Chongzhen (1629), Emperor Taiji of Jin led 100000 troops to xifengkou, which was called the change of Jisi

Xifengkou

Xifengkou is located in the border of Qianxi County and Kuancheng County in the north of Tangshan city. It is a pass in the eastern part of the Yanshan Mountains. It was called lulongsai in ancient times, and the road leads to North and south. In the Han Dynasty, Songting pass was set up here It has a long history. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao fought with Wuhuan in the west of Liaoning Province. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, muronghe of the former Yan Dynasty entered the Central Plains, and all of them were blocked by it. After the change of name, I like to meet the mouth. It's said that once upon a time, there was a man who didn't come back from Garrison for a long time. His father asked around and came to the meeting thousands of miles away. He met his son at the foot of the mountain and laughed with each other. He died of great joy and was buried here. About to Ming Yongle, mistakenly known as xifenghui. Ming Jingtai three years (1452) built the city to set the pass, known as xifengkou pass. Today it is known as xifengkou.

Geography

Xifengkouguan is surrounded by low mountains and hills. The altitude rises from 200 meters in the south to 1000 meters in the north. The terrain is abrupt and the traffic is difficult. The valley channel formed by Luanhe River makes it a natural channel between North and south.

Xifengkou pass, about high cliff confrontation, dangerous terrain. From there, we can go to Daling River Basin in the East, to the upper reaches of Xiliao River and the east of Mongolia Plateau in the north, and to Beijing in the southwest through Zunhua and Jizhou (now Jixian), an important town in the north of Hebei Province. In the 1970s and 1980s, because of the construction of Panjiakou Reservoir, the Great Wall in the low-lying area of xifengkou pass was flooded by the reservoir area, forming a unique landscape - Underwater Great Wall. This part of the Great Wall shows its true appearance with the change of water level. Xifengkou's position as an important traffic road disappeared.

strategic significance

This route has always been an important traffic route from Hebei plain to Northeast China. Xifengkou pass is the throat of this important road, and its strategic position can be imagined. In ancient times, xifengkou was a place where the Han people had frequent contacts with the north and northeast nationalities. It was garrisoned by soldiers in the past dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, it was called lulongsai.

Heroes of annihilating the enemy in xifengkou (right, from left): General Zhang Zizhong, song Zheyuan, Qin Dechun, Feng Zhengan

Historical deeds

On March 9, 1933, the two brigades, the Ministry of clothing and Suzuki, together with the advance team, invaded xifengkou and occupied the top of the Great Wall Line in the north. Zhao Dengyu, commander of the 109 brigade of the song Zheyuan division of the 29th army of the northwest army in Zunhua, sent Wang Changhai's regiment to the rescue. Armed with national humiliation, the officers and soldiers organized a team of 500 swordsmen to sneak up the mountain top occupied by the Japanese army in the evening and cut down the Japanese army on the mountain top by surprise. Most of the daggers died bravely.

The next day, the main Japanese troops arrived and ordered them to attack each entrance of the Great Wall within three days. The infantry attacked xifengkou and Gubeikou under the cover of aircraft and artillery. The main forces of the 29th army also arrived one after another. Zhao Dengyu led his troops to the secluded places of various peaks and mountains. When the enemy's artillery fire was at the beginning and the enemy's soldiers were approaching, they swarmed out and killed them with machetes. Zhao was wounded and still in charge of the battle. The soldiers were more brave and inflicted heavy damage on the enemy. On the same day, Guan Linzheng Department of the central army arrived at Gubeikou. The officers and soldiers were excited by their patriotism and joined with Wang Yizhe Department of the Northeast Army to resist the attack of the 16th brigade of the Japanese army. On the evening of the 11th, Zhao brigade and Tong Zeguang brigade circled behind the enemy with two wings, occupied the Japanese artillery position, destroyed 18 guns and burned their supplies. This is the famous Xifengkou Anti Japanese war.

an elegy

At the beginning of January 1933, the Japanese army occupied Shanhaiguan. Rehe was tight and Pingjin was in danger. The 29th army of the third Corps was responsible for the battle from xifengkou to Malanyu. In the early morning of March 10, 1933, Zhao Dengyu, Wang Zhibang and Tong Zeguang, three brigades of the 37th division of the 29th army, with song Zheyuan as the commander in chief, arrived. Zhao Dengyu led his team to wage a hand-to-hand battle with the Japanese army near xifengkou. They carried swords with them and killed with great noise. Several highlands were recovered.

From the early morning of March 12, 1933, two brigades, Zhao Dengyu and Tong Guangze, surrounded the enemy camp by two routes. Before dawn, Zhao Dengyu arrived at the Japanese special forces camp, and the dagger team came down like a magic soldier to annihilate the sleeping Japanese army. According to the "history of Qianxi County of the Communist Party of China", more than 4000 Japanese troops were annihilated in the bloody battle of xifengkou from March 9, 1933 to March 13, 1933. The bravery of the 29th army's dagger team inspired the whole country and shocked Japan. Japanese domestic media exclaimed that "since the Meiji emperor trained, the reputation of the imperial army has been completely exploited by song Zheyuan outside Xifeng." Inspired by xifengkou's bloody battle, Mai Xin, a famous musician, created "Dadao March".

The 29th army originally belonged to Feng Yuxiang's northwest army. After the defeat of the Central Plains war between Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai Shek, Feng Yuxiang was incorporated and built by Chiang Kai Shek. When they arrived at xifengkou, the 29th army had more than 20000 troops, but they were poorly equipped, with few heavy weapons and ammunition. The rifles used were not only old in style and quantity, but also not equipped with bayonets. Therefore, each of them was equipped with a large number of bayonets.

The Anti Japanese warriors of the 29th army cut off countless enemies' heads with machetes. However, the machete was just an old weapon, no matter how brave the people who used it were, they could not resist the enemy's aircraft fire.

LAN Yutian said that he saw with his own eyes the shells of the 29th army fall into the ghost crowd, one or two All the way down, 13 of them didn't explode until the fourteenth. Weapons and equipment are so backward that the result of this campaign can be imagined.

On April 13, 1933, the 29th army withdrew from xifengkou and set up defense on the West Bank of Luanhe River to the north of Xingcheng. On April 14, the Japanese army broke into xifengkou. Four years later, in the "July 7th incident", the 29th army waved a big sword against the enemy again. Zhao Dengyu, who had fought bravely in xifengkou, died for his country.

Tour route

Beijing Jinhai Lake Huangyaguan Xinglong outer ring Kuancheng outer ring xifengkou scenic spot

Beijing Miyun Xinglong outer ring Kuancheng outer ring xifengkou scenic spot (new north route book 1)

Another discussion

Xifengkou and songtingguan are two gates with completely different characteristics. Songtingguan is narrow and precipitous; xifengkou is wider and more accessible than songtingguan, which is a feature of many historical records but often ignored by people. Jingkang history? Xuanhe Yisi was appointed as envoy to the state of Jin, and the itinerary visa recorded that "Youzhou is a land of vast fields, with mountains in the north and obstacles in the north. There are five passes in it. Juyong can drive carts and pay for food; Songting, Jinpo and Gubei can only drive people and horses, but not cars. There are eighteen paths outside, the rabbit path and the bird path. You can only get through people, but you can't walk on horses. "

Gu Zuyu's notes on history reading Fang Yu said: "in the north of Yanji, there are Songting pass, Gubeikou pass and Juyong Pass. This is a dangerous place in the Central Plains, and it serves to isolate China and foreign countries." Xifengkou is another scene. According to Qian'an county annals compiled in the 20th year of the Republic of China? According to the anecdote, during the Shuntian reign of the Ming Dynasty, Deng Han, governor of Shuntian, wrote to the emperor Yingzong after inspecting all the passes in Jizhen: "although there is no danger in every pass of the twelve roads in Jizhen, the plain can accommodate hundreds of thousands of large-scale invaders and serve as tribute envoys. Xifeng and Panjiakou are the best." One is that "only people and horses can be connected, but not vehicles can be driven"; the other is that "the plains and rivers can accommodate hundreds of thousands of large-scale criminals". How can it be a place? Xifengkou, also located in LENGKOU of Qian'an County, was set up as a tribute road for wuliangha Sanwei in Ming Dynasty. Apart from their geographical location, a very important condition is that the pass is spectacular and can house heavy troops. Every time the foreign invaders paid tribute, the garrison officials had to display the lineup, which was called greeting. It was really a deterrent. Moreover, xifengkou pass has a laiyuanlou that can accommodate ten thousand people, and the people who pay tribute to the capital have to send troops to escort them to the capital. For the honest submission to the imperial tribes, the imperial court also had to reward them from time to time, and the reward ceremony was also very solemn. In most cases, there is mutual trading between the two sides. Xifengkou is a common place for such important activities which are related to the dignity of the imperial court. For example, in the second year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, when Qi Jiguang took office in Jizhen, he was active in the left wing of eastern Mongolia's Duoyan tribe (known as Tuman in Ming Dynasty). He attacked the border town many times and was defeated by Qi Jiguang. In the third year of Wanli, Dong Hu, Chang ang and Chang Tu, the chieftains of the Duoyan tribe, led the tribe to attack the Dongjiakou pass. Qi Jiguang divided his troops from yumuling and Dongjiakou to encircle the enemy and capture Changtu alive. Dong fox chang'ang was helpless and led more than 300 relatives to kneel down at xifengkou to ask for his release. Qi Jiguang deliberated with Liu Yingjie, governor of Jiliao, and allowed them to ask for permission. Chang'ang and Dong fox promised that they would not be harassed in the future, and that they would return the captured residents, sentries and horses, submit to the Ming Dynasty and restore the tribute city. Dong Fox and Changtu led the tribe to leave xifengkou pass. Such a feat, only facing the plain river xifengkou such as the city competent, not the control of long gorge dangerous path songtingguan competent.

The mixture of xifengkou and songtingguan has its specific historical background, that is, "abandoning Kaiping, abandoning Daning, granting land, and moving the border southward

Chinese PinYin : Xi Feng Kou