Putuo Zongcheng

Putuo Zongcheng temple is located in the north of Chengde summer resort. Because the main building imitates the Potala Palace in Tibet, it is also called little potala palace. It was built in 1771. "Putuo Zongcheng" is the Potala Palace in Tibetan language. It rises from the mountain to the mountain, which is magnificent and magnificent. It is the largest temple among the eight outer temples.

Putuo Zongcheng

Putuo Zongcheng temple, also known as "little potala palace", is a Buddhist temple built by Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty to celebrate his 60th birthday and Chongqing empress dowager's 80th birthday. Located in the north of Chengde summer resort and the south of Shizigou, Hebei Province, it is the largest building complex among the Eight Outer Temples in Chengde. It was built in 1771.

Putuo Zongcheng temple covers an area of 220000 square meters. Its main building, dahongtai, is located on the top of the mountain, with a height of 43 meters. In the center of the platform, Wanfa Guiyi hall is the main hall. The top of the hall is higher than the group of buildings, and the top of the hall is covered with gilt fish scale copper tiles. More than 60 (more than 40 existing) flat topped blockhouse style white terrace and Fanta white terrace are arranged freely in depth with the mountain, without obvious axis. In December 1994, "Chengde summer resort and its surrounding temples", including the temple of Zongcheng in Putuo, were registered as a world heritage site by UNESCO.

On March 4, 1961, the Zongcheng Temple of Putuo was announced by the State Council of the people's Republic of China as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

The temple of Zongcheng in Putuo was built in March 1767 and completed in August 1771. The temple was built by Emperor Qianlong for his mother's celebration of the 80th birthday of the Empress Dowager in the 36th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign. Emperor Qianlong made a stele in the temple to commemorate the ceremony. The temple is modeled after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet, so it is also commonly known as the "little potala palace". Putuo Zongcheng and Potala have the same origin, meaning "holy land of Guanyin".

Every year, on July 11 of the lunar calendar, a degree examination of Tibetan Buddhism is held in the main hall of Putuo Zongcheng temple, Wanfa Guiyi hall.

Every year, on the 27th of the twelfth month and the 14th of the first month of the lunar calendar, activities are held in the main hall of Putuo Zongcheng temple, Wanfa Guiyi hall. All the lamas of Putuo Zongcheng Temple chant scriptures in this hall.

In 1771, Emperor Qianlong met with the returned turhute leader wobaxi and his party at the Wanfa Guiyi hall, and held large-scale activities of preaching and celebrating birthday.

In 1932, the Wanfa Guiyi hall, which was copied by Rockefeller, a chaebol, collected a large number of Buddhist statues and implements in China and participated in the World Expo held in Chicago.

Architectural features

layout

The temple of Putuo Zongcheng was built after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet. The temple is built close to the mountain and faces south. Inside the mountain gate is the stele Pavilion, and in the north is the five pagoda gate. It is more than ten meters high and has three arches. Five Lama pagodas, red, yellow, black, white and green, are built on it. North of the gate is the glazed archway. The northern part of the memorial archway is getting higher and higher, and all kinds of white terrace and tower buildings are scattered due to the terrain. Finally, it is the majestic main building dahongtai. On the front of dahongtai, below is the 18 meter high dahongtai, on which stands the 25 meter high dahongtai. The red platform is surrounded by three-story buildings, and in the center is the hall of Wanfa Guiyi with double eaves and gilded copper tiles.

The layout of Putuo Zongcheng temple is divided into three parts: the front part includes Mountain Gate, stele Pavilion and five tower gate; the middle part includes glass archway, white platform and monk's room; the rear part is the main building dahongtai and other surrounding buildings, with a total of more than 60 places in size, which is surrounded by the high wall with battlements and around the temple according to the ups and downs of the mountain. Walking along the five hole stone bridge and entering the Tibetan Mountain Gate, you will find the stele Pavilion covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are three stones standing in the pavilion, which are divided into three parts, namely, the inscription on the temple of Chengzhi of Putuo Zong, the complete obedience of turhute, and the records of you pitying turhute. Behind the pavilion is the gate of the five towers. The five pagoda gate is full of white walls, with three layers of blind Tibetan windows on top and three arches on the bottom. There are five Lama pagodas on the top of the gate, and a pair of large stone statues in front of the gate, symbolizing auspiciousness and the boundless power of the Mahayana sect of Buddhism.

characteristic

Dahongtai in the north of the courtyard of Putuo Zongcheng temple is the main building of Putuo Zongcheng temple. The facade of Baitai is plastered with red and gray to form a three-layer Tibetan trapezoidal window (also known as "blind window"). The upper six floors are true and false Tibetan trapezoidal windows, and the lowest floor is Chinese horizontal rectangular window. In the middle of the red wall, there are six glazed niches from the bottom to the top, all decorated with yellow and purple glazed tent, with built-in glazed Buddha statues. A parapet was built on the red platform last week, and a yellow glazed Buddha niche was inlaid on the wall, in which a glazed Buddha statue was built. In the center of the top of the wall, there are eight glazed treasures and Lama pagodas. At the corner of the parapet on the top of the platform, there are bottles and iron flags.

The dahongtai building in the temple of Sutras in Putuo is built on the hillside. The complex shape has been carefully designed and processed into several unequal height cheeks. On the East and west sides of the Dabai terrace, along the climbing Road to the top of the first flat Dabai terrace, there are four large stone carving poles and four large cast iron water tanks. The platform is huge and the vision is wide. In the east of Baitai, there is the Manjusri Shengjing Hall of Tibetan style, and in the west, there is the thousand Buddha Pavilion decorated with Chinese style glazed pendant flowers. Around dahongtai, you can reach the second plane, donghongtai. Around it, there are two-story group buildings. The center of the group buildings is the two-story Yuzuo building with tile roof. The third plane is through the second floor, which is the Wanfa Guiyi hall. On this plane, three stories of group buildings are built around Wanfa Guiyi hall. The second story of group buildings can reach Luojia Shengjing hall in the north of donghongtai and the triple boundary pavilion with double eaves and octagonal Luan gold tile top in the northeast corner. The Cihang Pudu pavilion with double eaves and hexagonal inlaid gold tile top in the northwest corner of the top of group buildings is built. These pavilions, with different forms and different heights, are covered with Luan gold fish scales and copper tiles on the top of the pavilions. They complement each other with red and white platforms. Against the backdrop of numerous mountains, the space outline is magnificent.

Main buildings

overview

The temple covers an area of about 220000 square meters and is surrounded by a winding palace wall. There are more than 60 buildings in total, which are built according to the mountainous terrain and have bright colors. They are the representative works of ancient Chinese royal temples. The main buildings include: Mountain Gate, stele Pavilion, five tower gate, glazed archway, white platform, big white platform, big red platform, East Red platform and so on.

Stone Bridge

In front of the temple, there is a five hole stone bridge across Shizigou. Cross the bridge to the square in front of the mountain gate.

Shanmen

To the south of the mountain gate, the temple is a combination of Qing style and Tibetan style. On the white platform of the Tibetan Sanquan gate, there is a Qing style tower. The white platform is of brick and stone structure, with three coupons in the front and a blind window on the coupons. The white terrace is surrounded by pheasant dishes. In the center of the terrace is a Qing style city building, with five rooms wide and two rooms deep. It has a single eaves on the top of the hall, with yellow glazed tiles and green edges. There are corridors in front and back, with built-in sills and windows, and solid walls on both sides. From left to right, there are four Dharma protectors, zhanggulupeng Dharma protectors and mahagala Dharma protectors. There is a pair of stone lions in front of the mountain gate. On the East and west sides of the mountain gate are the palace walls of the temple, each connecting a waist gate. There is a corner Pavilion (turret) on the East and west sides of the waist gate. The solid wall is white and the blind window is built on the platform. At the top, there is a pheasant dish for watching.

Stele Pavilion

The first building on the central axis after entering the mountain gate. Brick arch structure, the plane is square, three Bay. Seal solid wall, the outer wall is red, four sides open ticket door. The white jade of Han Dynasty, Xumi, stands on the base of the platform and steps on the road. Yellow glazed tile double eaves Xie peak. There are golden wheels on the left and right of the front gate of the pavilion. There are three stone steles in the pavilion: in the center is a stone stele with dragon pattern made by Emperor Qianlong in the 36th year of Qianlong's reign, which describes that the temple was built to celebrate the 80th birthday of the Empress Dowager. The temple system imitates Tibet rather than Nanhai Putuo temple, with a poem made by Emperor Qianlong in the end. In the East is the complete surrender of turhute, and in the west is the temple The inscription is engraved in Manchu, Han, Mongolian and Tibetan characters. The Chinese character is written by Emperor Qianlong.

Five tower gate

The gate of the five pagodas is more than 10 meters high. It is a Tibetan white platform. There are three arches in it. Above the central arch is the inscription "guangyuanmiaogue" by Emperor Qianlong. There are 17 trapezoidal red blind windows on the white wall. There are five Lama pagodas on the white platform, which are red, green, yellow, white and black from west to East. They are built with colored glazed bricks. There are a pair of stone elephants in front of the door. Wutamen is a form of crossing street pagoda of Tibetan Buddhist pagoda.

Glazed archway

Behind the gate of the five pagodas is a Qing style archway with three rooms, four pillars, seven floors, three coupons, red, yellow and green glaze. The gate is decorated with white marble. The archway goes up to the seventh floor, including the first main building, the second secondary building, the second Jialou and the second bianlou, which are covered with yellow glazed tiles. The main building, the second Jialou and the second Jialou use Xieshan, the second Jialou and the second bianlou use Xieshan on the outside and Jiashan on the inside. Each building is covered with green glazed tiles and single cocked single arch. On the forehead of the main building of the Ming Dynasty, there are four Chinese characters and corresponding Manchu characters of Emperor Qianlong's imperial inscription "Pumen Yingxian", the back forehead is "solemn lotus kingdom", and the second forehead is inlaid with yellow glazed Double Dragons and pearls. There is a platform in front of the archway, surrounded by a parapet, with footpaths in the middle and left and right, and a stone statue on the platform

Chinese PinYin : Pu Tuo Zong Cheng Zhi Miao