South Gate

The south gate is the most easily seen gate in Hengchun town. It is the only complete ancient city building in Taiwan. Now the south gate is the center of the ring of Hengchun town. The south gate was rebuilt in 1969, which is a little different from its original appearance.

Nanmen surname

synonym

General guide to Nanmen (Chinese surname)

Nanmen, in addition to the general meaning, according to the records of tianguanshu in Shiji, the ancient people called Nanmen the two stars closest to the earth, e.g. Centaurus and α (α is Nanmen II)

. In addition, according to the historical records of surname kaolue, Nanmen was also taken as the surname by the officials or people living near Nanmen in ancient times. It is mentioned in the ancient book "Zhuozi" that the ancestor of Nanmen family is Nanmen vermin. There are seven assistant ministers in Shang Tang Dynasty, which are Qingfu, Yiyin, huangliqi, dongmenxu, ximenzu, nanmenzhu and beimenbian. Nanmenzhu is one of the seven important assistant ministers. Nanmen's descendants took Nanmen vermin as the ancestor of Nanmen's compound surname, so this surname has a history of more than 3700 years.

Historical evolution

Origin and development I

Originated from the astronomical phenomena, it comes from the descendants of ancient astronomical officials and takes the names of astronomical constellations as surnames. According to the historical records tianguanshu, there are two big stars in the sky called Nanmen star. In modern astronomy, the two stars in the compass constellation and Centaurus constellation are the closest to the earth. Nanmen family originated from the descendants of the officials in charge of astronomy in ancient times. In ancient Chinese myths and legends, the door god guarding the South Gate of heaven is the first God in heaven. The South Gate of heaven is the gate for all gods, monsters, ghosts, demons and demons to enter and leave by the imperial edict of heaven. The weapons of the southern gate god are two sharp swords, green and white, with one of the nine sons of Longsheng on it. Jaicanthus looks like a dragon body and jackal head. He is strong in nature, good at killing and fighting. Whenever the door god of Nantian waved his sword, it was like holding two huge boa constrictors, green and white, in both hands. They often turned into two, majestic. Later, people learned from the door god of Nantian, and carved them on the sword ring, the swallow mouth of the sword handle or the scabbard of the sword handle.

The surname "Nanmen" probably originated from the descendants of the officials in charge of astronomy in the ancient times. They took the name of Nanmen constellation as their surname and called it Nanmen. Later, they changed their surnames to Nanmen and MenShi, which have been handed down from generation to generation.

Origin and development II

Originating from the surname Zi, it comes from the descendants of nanmenzhu, a minister of the Shang Dynasty. It takes the ancestor's name or official title as the surname. It is said that in the early Shang Dynasty, there was an important official under the emperor Chengtang called Nanmen vermin. In the ancient book "Zhuozi", it was mentioned that the ancestor of Nanmen was Nanmen vermin. At the beginning of the Shang and Tang Dynasties, there were seven famous officials under the Tang King, namely: Qingfu, Yiyin, huangliqi, dongmenxu, nanmenzhu, ximenzu, beimenbian, among which nanmenzhu was one of the seven important assistant officials. According to this book, the functions of the four ministers, dongmenxu, nanmenzhun, XIMENZI and beimenbian, are not just responsible for guarding the gate of Wangcheng, but are likely to be the top officials of the front army in charge of all directions and regions. Otherwise, the four small gate guards will not be listed as "important assistants". Therefore, nanmenzhu should be understood as the highest military and political officer in charge of the whole southern region of the Shang Dynasty.

Among the descendants of Nanmen vermin, Nanmen surname is one of the oldest surnames. Later, Nanmen and men surnames were changed into single surnames in many provinces, which have been handed down from generation to generation. Most of the Nanmen clan revered Nanmen vermin as the ancestor of the de surname.

Three sources

Originated from the official position, it comes from the official who guarded the South Gate of the city in the Zhou Dynasty. It belongs to the surname of official position. Zhang Shu, a famous scholar of surnames in the Qing Dynasty, said in his book the origin of surnames: "those who must live in the south gate will take their surnames, or those who open and close the south gate will take their surnames." It means that the ancestors of the Guimen family must be the ancient residents living in the South Gate of the city, or the officials and soldiers guarding the South Gate of the city. Therefore, they take the name of the city as their surname, or the official title as their surname. Later, due to the fact that the zhengnanmen gate was the Meridian Gate, which was used by emperors of all dynasties to kill the guilty officials, it was called the gate of blood and evil, with a fire appearance, which was not lucky. Therefore, most of the Nanmen family's provincial scripts were changed to the single surname Nanshi and MenShi, which have been handed down from generation to generation.

It should be noted that the title of "Nanmen" is no longer seen in the book "Tongdian · Zhiguan" written by du you, a scholar of the Tang Dynasty, and it is the same after that.

Four sources

Originating from the surname Ji, it comes from the residents living near the South Gate of the city in the Zhou Dynasty. It takes the local place as the surname. It is mentioned in the ancient book "Zhuozi" that the ancestor of Nanmen clan is Nanmen vermin. Many scholars believe that most of the residents living near the South Gate of the city take the name of their place of residence as their surname. The majority of Nanmen people with multiple surnames gradually simplified their surnames and changed them to Nanshi with single surname.

Migration distribution

Nanmen's compound surname or the ancient Han surname, but the total population is not listed in the top 300 of the hundred surnames in mainland China, but not in Taiwan Province, ranking 469th in the song edition of the Hundred Surnames. There are many theories about the origin of Nanmen. Nanmen star has been recorded in ancient Chinese books for a long time, so "Nanmen" may be the surname of the ancient astronomical observer or the name of the official who is responsible for the study of astronomical phenomena. Another is that in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the descendants of the officials in charge of guarding the south gate were called the Nanmen family, or the descendants of the residents living in the South Gate of the city in ancient times often took Nanmen as their surname. Nanmen Fu's surname gradually evolved into Nanshi. Nanmen clan may have appeared as early as Shang Tang more than 3700 years ago. According to textual research, the earliest surname of Nanmen family is "take the official as the surname", which originated in Hanoi County, and the famous family came from Runan County.

There are a small number of Nanmen people in Wuzhi and Runan counties of Henan Province, Liuhe District of Nanjing city of Jiangsu Province and Qian County of Shaanxi Province.

traditional culture

County Hall

influential families of a prefecture

Hanoi Prefecture: people in Jin Dynasty believed that in ancient times, Hanoi was to the north of the Yellow River, and the other was to the South and West. At the end of the spring and Autumn period, in the Chu and Han Dynasties, a county was set up at the end of the third century B.C., where it was governed by Huai county (now Wuzhi, Henan Province). At that time, it was located in the area north of the Yellow River in Henan Province and west of the Beijing Han railway, including Ji county. In the early years of Emperor Wen Huang of Wei Dynasty, Hanoi county was divided into Chaoge county (now Qi County in Henan Province) and changed to Jizhou county (now Ji County in Hebei Province). Then the four counties were changed to Hanoi county and then returned to Hanoi county. There are three counties, Yuanwu and Yangwu, belonging to Henan Yin. There are four counties of Fengqiu, suanzao, Pingqiu and Changyuan in chenliuguo of Yanzhou, and Yan of Yanzhou East County. In the Western Jin Dynasty, he was transferred to Qinyang, Henan Province. In Sui Dynasty, yuyewang was Hanoi County, and huaizhou was Hanoi County in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Huaiqing road was set in Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was Huaiqing Prefecture. The name of Hanoi County remained unchanged, and it was often a place of governance. During the period of the Republic of China, Hanoi county was changed into Qinyang county.

Runan Prefecture: it was established in the fourth year of Liu Bang (1898 BC, 203 BC) of Gaozu in the Western Han Dynasty, and was governed by Shangcai (now Shangcai in Henan Province). At that time, it was located between Yinghe River and Huaihe River in Henan Province, east of the west line of Beijing Guangzhou railway, Cihe River in Anhui Province, west of Xifei River and north of Huaihe River, including Yancheng County, Shangcai County, Pingyu county and Xiangcheng County, and was governed by Shangcai (now Shangcai in Henan Province). In the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220), it was transferred to Pingyu (now Pingyu in Henan Province). In the thirtieth year of the Yuan Dynasty (Guisi, 1293 AD), caizhou was changed into runing Prefecture and became one of the eight prefectures of Henan Province. In the Ming Dynasty, along the yuan system, Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, granted the fourth son of a vassal here, known as the king of chongzhuang. In Qing Dynasty, it was still runing mansion. In the second year of the Republic of China (Guichou, 1913 AD), the government was abolished and changed to Runan County. In the 13th year of the Republic of China (Jiazi, 1924 AD), the office of the eighth administrative supervision commissioner of Henan Province was set up here. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, a special office for Runan was set up. Runan city was established in 1950 and merged into Runan County in 1951. Now it is Runan County, which belongs to Zhumadian area.

name of a hall

Hanoi Hall: building a hall by looking at it.

Runan Hall: build a hall with hope.

General couplet of ancestral hall

Four character universal couplet

From Shang and Xia dynasties; surname qinanmen: Quan liandian's Guide to the origin of the surname of men.

Zong Kai Shang Dynasty; Wang Chu Ru Nan: Quan Lian Dian's Guide to the origin and development of men's family.

Nanguan's surname is Qi; Menkou's surname is Chuanfang: this couplet is inlaid with the compound surname "Nanmen" in the form of he Dingge.

Six character universal couplet

This couplet is inlaid with the character "Nanmen", which is a compound surname.

He is one of the seven assistant ministers of Shangtang. The next book is a guide to the princes of men's family.

He was named qizuo of Chengtang; his surname was Qixia Shang Yiguan. Shanglian said that when Shangtang ruled the world, he was assisted by seven doctors, namely Qingfu, Yiyin, huangliqi, dongmenxu, Nanmen, ximenzu and Beimen. The next couplet says the origin of Nanmen.

His surname is Qi Xia, Shang Yi Guan, and his name is Tang qizuo. In the second couplet, when Shang and Tang Dynasties ruled the world, they were assisted by seven doctors, namely Qingfu, Yiyin, huangliqi, dongmenxu, Nanmen, ximenzu, and Beimen.

Seven character universal couplet

There are two stars to illuminate the world: shangliandian refers to the southern gate of Shang Dynasty. The following couplet refers to the ancients who called the two larger stars Nanmen, the name of the ancient astronomer

Chinese PinYin : Nan Men