Yaowang mountain stone carving

Yaowang mountain stone carving

Yaowang mountain stone carvings are rich and colorful. From Sui Dynasty to Ming Dynasty, there was a cliff statue, 23 Buddhist niches and 45 statues. They belong to the works of Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, song, Jin, yuan and Ming Dynasties.

Yaowangshan stone sculpture is divided into three techniques: relief, high relief and round sculpture. The big one is as high as Zhang Yu, and the small one is as short as a ruler. The carving is exquisite, with smooth lines and both shape and spirit. It has high artistic value.

geographical position

Yaowang mountain stone carving is located 1.5km east of Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, with an altitude of 812m. It is the hometown and memorial place of Sun Simiao, the king of medicine. It has been known as a scenic spot since Tang Dynasty. Here five peaks ring arch, ancient cypress green, palace Xuanang, its own natural wonders. The mountain is especially famous for its historical sites and precious stone carvings with long history and rich contents. It is a museum of medical history and stone carvings and a holy land for Chaoshan.

Stone statues

Yaowang mountain cliff stone sculptures were made from the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Yaowang mountain cliff carved statues, distributed in the southeast corner of the mountain East-West 20 meters long cliff surface. There are 7 caves, 23 niches and 43 statues. The techniques of sculpture include high relief, relief and round sculpture, which were made from the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Among the grottoes, Maitreya of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in cave 2 is the most exquisite, with a height of 3.3 meters. There are 11 statues in the Tang Dynasty, all of which belong to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Among them, the Bodhisattva statue in the 5th niche of cave 3 has a very good shape, which belongs to the top class of Yaowang mountain statues.

Historical evolution

Inscriptions, statues and cliff stone carvings from the Northern Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty. Yaowang mountain, 2.5km east of Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province. Sun Simiao, a famous doctor of Tang Dynasty, lived here in seclusion. Buddhist statues were first carved in Yaowang mountain in the Northern Dynasties. Baoyun temple was built in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and statues were widely opened.

After the Tang Dynasty, the temple was built for Sun Simiao, leaving a number of Steles related to Sun Simiao. The statue steles preserved in Yaowang county were moved to Yaowang mountain for display. Yaowang mountain stone inscriptions are concentrated in two places: xianhuatai (also known as beidong and taixuan cave) and shengxiantai (also known as Nanan), including three parts: historical steles, statue steles and cliff cave niches.

Cultural relics protection

Yaowangshan stone carving was announced by the State Council of the people's Republic of China as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1961.

Inscribed poems and paintings

There are 150 famous steles in the past dynasties. Most of them are imperial edicts, inscriptions, poems and paintings related to Sun Simiao. Especially important are the inscriptions of qianjinbaoyao and haixianfang, both of which are engraved on both sides. Qian Jin Bao Yao extracts an important part of Qian Jin Fang written by Sun Simiao and carves four stones.

There are three parts in the book: the first part is zhenshangji, the second part is shengshengming, and the third part is the prescription of various diseases. These medical treatment methods and health knowledge are the essence of Sun Simiao's summary of China's ancient medical knowledge and his own practical experience, and China's medical history occupies a high position. In addition, the famous ones include the monument of Master Zhang Seng Miao (570) in the fifth year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the monument of Chu Huilong and Zhang Yunzhuan poems and Essays (570) by song Huizong, which were newly discovered after the founding of the people's Republic of China.

The statues and steles include all kinds of statues from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty unearthed near Yaoxian county since the late Qing Dynasty Among them, the famous ones are: Wei Wenlang statue stele in the first year of Shiguang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (424), Yao Boduo brothers statue stele in the 20th year of Taihe (496), Qiu Chensheng statue stele in the fifth year of Zhengguang (524), Jiang Alu statue stele in the first year of Wucheng in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (559), Zhang Heren statue stele in the 15th year of kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty (595).

There are four sides, three sides, two sides and one side of these steles.

The value of historical materials

There are relief sculptures of Buddha and Bodhisattva in the stone niche of Yaowang mountain, and there are light sculptures of heavenly king and provider beside the niche. There are many inscriptions on the stele. The inscriptions have important historical value. The carving techniques, inscriptions, text and calligraphy of the steles, as well as the characters, costumes, saddle and bridle of horses, the shape of chariots and buildings carved in the steles are valuable materials for studying the development of Buddhism, the history of northern ethnic minorities, music, dance and art.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Yaowang mountain cultural relics depository was established. The state has repeatedly allocated funds for the collection, reinforcement and maintenance of Yaowang mountain stone carvings. The Museum of statues and steles has been established, the stone carvings have been reinforced, and the protective wall has been built with stone strips.

Stone carvings

There are many stone carvings in Yaowang mountain. In addition to a large number of Moyan statues, Moyan stone archways, animal and plant stone carvings and other cultural relics, there are more than 300 statues and historical monuments from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Some famous monuments are listed below.

Introduction to Buddhist niche

There are seven large and small niches, 23 niches and 43 statues in the cave. Niches are arranged from east to west.

The first niche: a statue of Avalokitesvara. He is 1.18 meters high, standing on the lotus platform barefoot, with his right arm drooping and his right arm incomplete. The shawl is bare chest, wide belly knot, the upper part is as fine as light yarn, and the lower part is thicker. There are four small relief statues under the statue. According to its style, it should be carved in Sui Dynasty.

The second niche: a sitting Buddha. It is 3.18 meters high. It has a corolla, a topless shawl, and its right hand is incomplete. Its left arm is bent and laid flat on its left knee. Its right leg sits cross legged, and its left leg falls naturally on the lotus stand. On both sides of the main wall, there are inscriptions such as "Huayuan County captain Xue Kai, Huayuan County Leader Bo Liuxian, and qianzhouzhi County captain sun Weixiao". Judging from the style of the statue and the title of the official position, it was made in the Sui or Tang Dynasty. The third niche: the well preserved statues are divided into upper and lower layers. The upper layer is composed of three standing statues, about 0.60 meters high, with a baoxiangguan and an inclined shawl. In the middle image, the right hand lifts up, the left hand droops, the right body is slightly smaller, and the posture is the same as that in the middle image; in the left image, the right hand lifts up, and the right hand droops. There is only one statue in the lower level. It seems to be a relic of the Tang Dynasty. The fourth niche: in the niche, there is a sitting Buddha on the upper left, about 1.5 meters high, with a high bun, bare chest, and a falling sitting, with the right hand hanging down and the left hand on the knee. It has three standing statues at the bottom, two at the top right, about 1.1 meters high, and a small statue in the middle. The shape style is the same as the front niche. The fifth niche: there are five relief statues, on which are bodhisattvas of thought, with a height of 1.62 meters, a corolla, a necklace, tassels hanging on the chest, incomplete right hand and knee hanging left hand. There are four standing statues in the lower level, all of which are incomplete and seem to be carved in the Jin Dynasty. The sixth niche: a sitting Buddha, 4.10 meters high, high bun, bare chest, legs drooping, two feet and step on the lotus platform, under which is the head of the four Huns, which may be made in the Ming Dynasty. The seventh niche: there are five relief statues, which are divided into upper and lower levels. The upper level is one Buddha and two monks, and the lower level is the Standing Statue of Bodhisattva. The era is the same as the former niche.

Address: sunyuan village, Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province

Longitude: 108.99992835543

Latitude: 34.909645164432

Ticket information: 46 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Yao Wang Shan Shi Ke