Bird's nest

The bird's nest (National Stadium) is located in the south of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park, with a construction area of 258000 square meters and a floor area of 204000 square meters. It holds 91000 seats and was completed on June 28, 2008. The main body is a "bird's nest" shape woven by a series of steel trusses around the bowl shaped seat area. The space structure is novel, the building and structure are integrated, unique and beautiful, with strong shock and visual impact, fully reflecting the beauty of natural harmony.

During the Beijing Olympic Games, as the main venue, the National Stadium undertakes the opening and closing ceremonies, track and field events and football finals. The wonderful performance of the opening and closing ceremony and the magnificent structure of the bird's nest complement each other and make the world amazing. After the Olympic Games, it has become a large-scale professional place for Beijing citizens to participate in sports activities and enjoy sports entertainment, as well as a landmark sports building and Olympic heritage.

The National Stadium

synonym

The bird's nest (National Stadium) generally refers to the National Stadium

The National Stadium (Bird's Nest), located in the south of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park, is the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The project covers a total area of 21 hectares, with about 91000 seats. The opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, track and field competitions and football finals were held. After the Olympic Games, it has become a large-scale professional place for Beijing citizens to participate in sports activities and enjoy sports entertainment, as well as a landmark sports building and Olympic heritage.

The stadium is designed by Jacques Herzog, de Mellon, Ai Weiwei and Li Xinggang, and constructed by Beijing urban construction group. The shape of the stadium is like the "nest" and cradle of life, which reposes the hope of human beings for the future. The designers did not do any extra treatment to the venue, exposing the structure to the outside, thus naturally forming the appearance of the building.

The construction started on December 24, 2003 and completed in March 2008, with a total cost of 2.267 billion yuan

. As a national landmark, the main stadium of the 2008 Olympic Games, the national stadium structure characteristics are very significant. The stadium is a super sports building and a large stadium. The design service life of the main structure is 100 years, the fire resistance rating is grade 1, the seismic fortification intensity is 8, and the waterproof grade of underground engineering is grade 1.

In April 2014, from more than 1000 landmark buildings in China, 20 buildings were initially evaluated by China's top ten contemporary buildings evaluation committee by integrating four indicators of age, scale, artistry and influence. Finally, ten contemporary buildings are produced. Beijing bird's nest - National Stadium is one of the shortlisted buildings

. As the ice sports venue of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, the reconstruction project of national stadium will start in early 2020.

Construction history

Scheme collection

"Bird's nest", known as the "fourth generation Stadium" of the great architectural works.

Realizing openness, justice and fairness in opening up

October 25, 2002. Authorized by the Beijing Municipal People's government and the Organizing Committee of the 29th Olympic Games, the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission has solicited architectural conceptual design plans for the main stadium of the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Stadium of China.

The National Stadium is the first Beijing Olympic stadium to enter the architectural design process. According to the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, the National Stadium architectural concept design competition is divided into two stages: the first stage is prequalification; the second stage is formal competition. As of November 20, 2002, the competition office has received valid prequalification documents from 44 famous design institutes. After strict prequalification, 14 design institutes have finally entered the formal scheme competition. They are from China, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, Mexico and other countries and regions.

On March 18, 2003, 13 famous architectural design companies and design consortia with rich experience from all over the world finally participated in the competition and delivered their ideal magnificent idea of China National Stadium to Beijing. Among the 13 design schemes, there are 2 domestic schemes, 8 overseas schemes and 3 Sino foreign cooperation schemes.

In the subsequent scheme review. After two rounds of secret ballot, three excellent projects were selected by the evaluation committee composed of 13 authoritative figures including Guan Zhaoye, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, and Koolhaas, a Dutch architect. They are the joint design of helzog and demelon West design company of Switzerland and China Academy of architectural design The completed "bird's nest" scheme, the "floating open roof" scheme independently designed by Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute of China, and the "sky stadium ice and snow world" scheme jointly designed by Sato comprehensive plan of Japan Co., Ltd. and architectural design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University of China. In order to solicit public opinions, all 13 design schemes will be displayed in Beijing International Conference Center. "Bird's nest" ranked first, showing that the audience and the judges agree with each other to a certain extent. After careful study by decision-making departments, "bird's nest" was finally determined as the final implementation plan of China National Stadium, the main stadium of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

Meeting the needs of the Olympic Games and paying attention to "Post Olympic development"

The components of the whole stadium structure support each other to form a grid like structure, which looks like a bird's nest woven by branches. Its gray mineral steel mesh is covered with transparent membrane material, including a bowl like stadium grandstand. Here, the hollowing out technique, ceramic pattern, red brilliance and enthusiasm in traditional Chinese culture are perfectly integrated with the most advanced modern steel structure design.

The whole building is connected by Disney's huge network structure, without a column inside. The grandstand is a complete bowl shape without any shelter, like a huge container, which gives the stadium incredible drama and unparalleled shock.

Accelerating system and mechanism innovation in exploration

As a social public welfare project, in the past, the construction of stadiums and gymnasiums was generally invested by the government and operated by the competent department, and the losses were subsidized by the financial department. As a result, many sports facilities often become a long-term "burden" of government financial subsidies. Beijing is determined to "change its mind.". In the face of the largest stadium construction in history, Beijing, with the thinking mode of market economy and on the basis of learning from foreign advanced experience, speeds up the system innovation and mechanism innovation, and actively explores the Olympic project construction and operation mode of "government guidance and market-oriented operation". Considering the large amount of investment in the National Stadium and high operating costs after the games, in order to attract investors, Beijing has offered quite favorable conditions. In addition to 58% of the investment made by state-owned companies on behalf of the government, Beijing has also given quite favorable policies in land transfer, demolition and other aspects.

Source of funds

The National Stadium project is constructed according to PPP (private + public + partnership) mode. It is a project company jointly established by Beijing state owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. and China CITIC Group. It is mainly responsible for the investment, financing, construction, operation and management of the National Stadium. CITIC consortium contributed 42%, and Beijing state owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. provided 58% of the capital support on behalf of the government. At the same time, CITIC consortium has the franchise right for 30 years after the competition.

Compared with the United States and other countries with mature experience in venue sponsorship, venue sponsorship in China has been in the initial stage of development. With the development of the Olympic Games, the development of China's sports industry will promote the growth of venue sponsorship market. Through the development of professional and efficient sponsorship platform, the National Stadium attracts a large number of potential customers to participate in the construction and operation of the National Stadium, which not only brings infinite vitality to the development of the stadium, but also enables the sponsors to show their high-quality products and corporate image through the window of the national stadium.

Construction process

Commencement date: December 24, 2003

Successful completion time: March 2008

The National Stadium is open to the world for planning and design;

July 02, 2002: 89 planning and design schemes were received;

From January to February 2003: five qualified applicants for the National Stadium project were selected to enter the second stage of bidding;

March 19-25, 2003: the "bird's nest" scheme was overwhelmingly won by the judging committee;

December 24, 2003: the preparations for the construction of the National Stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are ready, and the foundation laying ceremony is held;

February 2004: one hundred foundation piles of the National Stadium were completed, and substantial structural construction of the "bird's nest" project began;

July 30, 2004: the safety and economy of the Olympic venues became the focus, and the "bird's nest" was shut down on July 30;

August 31, 2004: "bird's nest" cancels the openable roof scheme, adjusts the style unchanged;

In August 2004, the "bird's nest" released its renderings;

December 2004: Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Main Stadium "bird's nest" resume work;

May 2005

Chinese PinYin : Niao Chao