Lingling Confucian Temple

Lingling Confucian Temple

Despite the vicissitudes of life, Lingling Confucian temple, as an ancient building, is still attracting worldwide attention for its grand scale and grand momentum. Superb architectural skills and immortal artistic value fully reflect the industrious wisdom and outstanding ability of the ancient working people. The existing Dacheng hall faces south and is built on a 1.7-meter-high platform, which is built with bluestone. Each of the two verandahs is 35.8 meters long and 9.3 meters wide. Dacheng hall is a typical palace style building, with a height of 13 meters. In 1956, the provincial government listed it as a key cultural relic protection unit, which has been repaired many times. The front of Dacheng hall is a moon shaped gate, which was rebuilt after the founding of the people's Republic of China. During the "Cultural Revolution", stone carvings, stone carvings and wood carvings were seriously damaged. From 1981 to 1982, the Provincial Department of cultural relics appropriated funds and the original Yongzhou City (now Lingling district) cultural relics management office at the county level conducted maintenance.

brief introduction

Mountains are not high, but immortals are famous. Dongshan in Lingling city is such a famous mountain.

Dongshan, located to the east of Xiaoshui, is the core of Lingling's history and culture. Around this small hill, there are many temples, pavilions and pagodas in history. There used to be lutian'an, a great calligrapher huaisu, fahua Temple (Gaoshan Temple) where Liu Zongyuan lived, sifan hall built in memory of fan Chunren (the son of Fan Zhongyan), the Prime Minister of Southern Song Dynasty, and Sanshen hall built by Zhang Jun, the Prime Minister of Southern Song Dynasty.

The most interesting thing is that on this hill, only a stone's throw away, there are two temples: the Confucian temple and the Wu Temple, which let Confucius and Guan Yu live next to each other and build a harmonious society.

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According to historical records, it was first moved to the east of the city in 1360, less than eight years after its completion, and was destroyed by war. In 1371, he moved to the south of the city. In the third year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (1490), the city moved to the north because of avoiding flood. In the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), the county magistrate and the gentry thought that the temple site was unlucky. They once proposed to move to the vicinity of Taiping Temple (today's qianqiuling area), but they were stopped because they were close to the culture and education of Nanwei king. In 1542, the governor Jiang Fuxi visited the county and selected Kangzhuang homestead for the fourth time. The temple was built about 10 meters away from the site of the temple. The site was not moved about 200 years after its completion. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the peasant uprising army Zhang Xianzhong conquered Yongzhou, the Confucian temple was destroyed again. It was rebuilt on the site in 1657. It was rebuilt twice in 1669 and 1726. In 1739, the Confucian temple moved to Nanwei Palace on qianqiuling mountain for the fifth time, which lasted 36 years. Qianlong 40 years (1775) moved to the east of the city, the original left side of the temple highland, is now the Confucian temple address. The Confucian temple was the highest institution of learning in a county in feudal society, where annual examinations and scientific examinations were held every year. The year-old test Valley said that the examination of Xiucai was to select excellent students to take part in the joint examination held in the provincial government.

scale

The ancient Confucian temple has a large scale. There are three gates in front of Dacheng hall, the middle Yi gate and the halberd gate on both sides. There is a Qingyun bridge outside the gate of the instrument, which is erected on the pan pool. There is a "palace wall" outside the pool. After the Dacheng hall, there is a "Chongsheng Temple" dedicated to the memorial tablet of Liang he, the father of Confucius. On the left side of Dacheng hall is "Minglun hall", in which there are plaques of "loyalty and filial piety" and "honesty" written by Zhu Xi. There are two study rooms under Minglun hall, one is "Yucai Zhai", which is a place for children to study, the other is "Xingxian Zhai", which is a residence for scholars. On the right is the "Xiangxian Temple", as well as the "Minghuan Temple", "Xiaozi Temple" and "Jiefu Lienv Temple", all of which were destroyed in the early 1950s. The existing buildings of the Confucian temple include Dacheng hall and east-west veranda, covering an area of about 700 square meters. On the altar of Dacheng hall, there were four tablets of zipei (Fu Sheng Yan Zi, Shu Sheng Zi Si, Zongsheng Zeng Zi, Ya Sheng Meng Zi) and twelve philosophers (min Zi, ran Zi, Cui, Zai I, Zi Er, ran Qiu, Ji Lu, Zi you, Zi Xia, Zi Zhang, you Ruo, Zhu Xi) on both sides. On the pillars inside the hall, there were plaques such as "virtue matches heaven and earth", "teacher of all ages", "participation with heaven and earth", "Holy Spirit vertical in heaven" and so on. The East and West verandas on both sides of Dacheng hall are called "Peixiang Congsi". The tablet of "sages and Confucians" in "Congsi" is black on the bottom of Zhu. Before the Ming Dynasty, Dongwu on the left side offered memorial tablets to Dong Zhongshu, Cheng Hao and other 47 people. During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, the number increased to 65. Before the Ming Dynasty, the Xiwu on the right side offered memorial tablets to 47 people, including Zhang Zai and Cheng Yi. During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, the number increased to 56. During the period of the Republic of China and before that, every year on the fourth day of February and the first ten days of August of the lunar calendar, officials and Confucianists in the county gathered in Confucian temples to hold ceremonies. They knelt down three times and kowtowed nine times. They first worshipped Confucius, then worshipped "Si Pei", "12 zhe" and "Chongsheng Temple". In the early 1950's, the memorial tablets and plaques inside and outside the hall were destroyed; Liangwu was used as the student dormitory of No.4 Middle School in Lingling county (the predecessor of No.5 Middle School in Yongzhou City), and the office and storage room of Lingling district cultural management office.

artistic value

Solemn and majestic, rich and solemn, painted Dougong, sparse grand, Xieshan double eaves, high wing angle, yellow glazed tile roof, resplendent, two colored dragons crawling house, holding a treasure gourd, extremely spectacular. Under the front eaves of Dacheng hall, there are two white jade columns and two blue stone columns. On the columns are relief sculptures of dragon and Phoenix dancing. On the two wooden columns are also carved with flat dragon and flying phoenix. The forehead is carved with hollowed out wood carvings such as "two dragons snatching beads". In front of the hall, there are a pair of stone lions and stone statues. On the stone Dan long in front of the middle of the platform, there are relief sculptures of five circling cloud dragons. In addition, there is a jade tablet in the back of the hall, which stands on wuguibei mountain. The inscription is "Sheng Dui Zan" made by the emperor of the Qing Dynasty in the first year of Xianfeng (1851). The carving on both sides of the tablet is very exquisite. All the birds, animals, flowers and figures in the wood and stone carvings have their own styles. Their shapes are vivid and vivid. They are exquisitely carved and can be called art treasures.

Lingling Confucian temple has outstanding artistic value and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient working people. In order to protect this precious cultural heritage, both sides of the gate of Dacheng hall are carved with fine lattice walls. Four columns support the roof, and the ceiling is paved with a circular algae in the center. In 1982, it took Mr. Yang Xianzhe, a retired worker and painter of Lingling County construction company, more than four months to repaint more than 120 landscape and character story sceneries. There is a white marble altar 1.7 meters high, 6.2 meters long and 2.7 meters wide near the back wall in the center of the hall. In 1983, a 2-meter-high statue of Confucius was built on it, which is very solemn. Zhang Qiuyuan, Huang Xinping and other wood carving masters of yangjiaocheng mountain in Qiyang County also participated in the maintenance work, and made contributions to its reappearance of the past style. Yongzhou Confucian temple has been well protected and has become a popular tourist attraction for Yongzhou people.

geographical position

Address: East of Lingling District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province

Address: East of Lingling District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province

Longitude: 111.63246920173

Latitude: 26.203143764208

Chinese PinYin : Ling Ling Wen Miao