Huize black necked Crane reserve

Huize black necked Crane National Nature Reserve

synonym

Huize black necked Crane reserve generally refers to Huize black necked Crane National Nature Reserve

Huize black necked Crane National Nature Reserve is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Niulan River Basin, a tributary of Jinsha River, and Huize County, north of Qujing City, Northeast Yunnan. Huize black necked Crane National Nature Reserve consists of Daqiao area and changhaizi area. The main protected objects are the ecological environment of the black necked Crane and its wintering habitat wetland, which belongs to the wildlife type nature reserve.

Historical evolution

In 1990, Huize black necked Crane Nature Reserve was established;

In 1994, it was promoted to the provincial black necked Crane nature reserve;

On February 26, 2006, the National Nature Reserve Approved by the State Council was listed in the list of important wetlands in China by China wetland protection action plan.

geographical environment

position

Huize black necked Crane National Nature Reserve consists of Daqiao area and changhaizi area. Daqiao area is located in Daqiao Haizi watershed of Daqiao Township, Huize County, 42 km away from the county, with the geographical coordinates of 103 ° 12'06 "～ 103 ° 22'02" E and 26 ° 38'00 "～ 26 ° 44'24 n; changhaizi area is located in changhaizi watershed of Zhehai Town, Huize County, 52 km away from the county. The geographical coordinates are 103 ° 33'36 "～ 103 ° 39'00" E and 26 ° 34'08 "～ 26 ° 39'36" n.

topographic features

The protected area is located in the Huize County fold cluster of the eastern Yunnan platform fold belt of the Yangtze paraplatform. The regional structure is distributed in the northeast direction and spreads throughout the whole area, which is the main structure in the area. The neotectonic movement in this area is mainly characterized by uneven upward movement, and no obvious active fault structure is found. According to the seismic intensity zoning map of China, the seismic intensity is zoned as VIII.

Daqiao area is located in the middle mountain area, with complex terrain, high mountains and deep valleys, narrow valleys and steep mountains. The southwest, northwest and northeast of daqiaohaizi (reservoir) are relatively high, and the lowest point is in the southeast, with an altitude of 2470m. Changhaizi area is centered on changhaizi reservoir, surrounded by mountains on all sides. Only the West has a narrow valley mouth, which is the outlet of the basin.

climate

The dry and wet seasons in Daqiao area are obvious, the four seasons are not clear, the summer and autumn are warm and cool, and the winter and spring are cold. The annual average temperature is 9.6 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 918.20 mm, the frost free period is 240 days, and the annual average wind speed is 2.5 m / S; the annual average temperature is 11 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 841.9 mm, and the annual average wind speed is 2.6 m / s in changhaizi area.

hydrology

Daqiaohaizi is located on Yangmeishan River (huangcaohe River), a third tributary on the right bank of the lower Jinsha River, with a drainage area of 135.5 km. Changhaizi is located in Leye River Basin, with an area of 3.13 km. Leye river flows into Niulan river.

The water quality of two Haizi in Huize black necked Crane National Nature Reserve is excellent. According to the analysis of environmental monitoring station of Huize County, it meets the requirements of class I water quality standard of national surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002).

The groundwater types in Huize heijinghe nature reserve are mainly eruptive rock (basalt) fissure water, clastic rock fissure water and loose rock pore water.

Daqiao Reservoir and changhaizi reservoir are the main groundwater discharge areas of the two areas respectively.

soil

The main soil type in Huize black necked Crane reserve is red soil. Most of the soils in Daqiao area are dark red soil with little brown soil. The soil is slightly acidic, thick, Sandy and low fertility. Changhaizi area is mainly distributed with red soil and a small amount of non zonal swamp soil, meadow soil, paddy soil and red soil, with thick soil layer, low organic matter content and low fertility.

Regional scope

The total area of the reserve is 12910.64 hectares, including Daqiao area of 9076.28 hectares and changhaizi area of 3834.36 hectares. The core area is 3930.79 hectares, accounting for 30.45% of the reserve area; the buffer area is 4313.20 hectares, accounting for 33.40%; the experimental area is 4666.65 hectares, accounting for 36.15%.

Protected objects

Huize black necked Crane National Nature Reserve mainly protects the ecological environment of the black necked Crane and its wintering habitat wetland. In addition, there are 102 species of national first class protected animals, such as black stork, Chinese merganser and other birds.

plant resources

① There are 482 species of wild vascular plants belonging to 118 families, 317 genera, including 48 species, 30 genera and 17 families of pteridophytes, 436 species, 287 genera and 103 families of seed plants (including 12 species, 9 genera and 4 families of gymnosperms, 422 species, 278 genera and 97 families of angiosperms).

② The vegetation types in the reserve can be divided into evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, warm coniferous forest, warm coniferous forest, rare shrub grass, shrub, meadow, aquatic vegetation and dry land.

Animal resources

186 species of terrestrial vertebrates belonging to 58 families, 23 orders, 4 classes have been investigated and recorded in Huize black necked Crane reserve. Among them, there are 28 species in 15 families of 6 orders of Mammalia, 131 species in 36 families of 14 orders of ornitha, 13 species in 3 families of 2 orders of Reptilia and 6 species in 4 families of 1 order of amphibia.

Among mammals, leopard cat and black-and-white flying mouse are listed as vulnerable animals and endangered animals in the Red Book of endangered animals in China (edited by Wang song, 1998). Among the birds, 4 species are black necked Crane, black stork, Chinese merganser and golden eagle, 7 species are white spoonbill, mandarin duck, black winged Kite, sparrow hawk, songsparrow hawk, common buzzard, magpie Harrier, kestrel, white bellied pheasant, grey crane and Demoiselle Crane, and 3 species are spotted headed goose, red Mallard and black naped Oriole. Among these protected birds, black necked Crane is listed in Appendix I of cites, while black stork, white spoonbill, Demoiselle Crane and Golden Eagle are listed in Appendix II of cites. One species of amphibians, Rana bifasciatus, is listed as a vulnerable animal in the "Red Book of endangered animals in China".

There are more than 5000 other waterfowl in the reserve, including 17 species belonging to swimming birds, such as Greyhound, crested Greyhound and Red Headed Gull, and 21 species belonging to wading birds, such as heron, pond heron and little egret in storiformes, blue breasted Yangji, red breasted pheasant, crested pheasant and golden spotted Greyhound in crane. Among them, the larger number are green winged duck, spotted billed Duck and so on, with nearly 1000 ducks each.

(1) Black necked Crane < igrus nigricollis < / I

Black necked Crane is one of the first-class protected wildlife in China. Huize black necked Crane reserve is one of the main wintering places for black necked Crane in China. More than 500 black necked cranes usually overwinter here.

The main wintering habitat of black necked Crane is swamp wetland and grassland, of which swamp wetland accounts for more than 60%, grassland 20-38%, farmland and shallow water wetland account for less than 10%.

(2) Grus grus < / I

The wildlife under the state class II key protection. According to the survey organized by the provincial forestry department in 2002, there are more than 740 grey cranes in the reserve, including 690 in Daqiao and more than 40 in changhaizi. According to a comprehensive scientific survey conducted in February 2009, the number of cranes decreased to more than 400.

(3) Chinese merganser < imergus squamatus < / I

The wild animals under the first class national key protection are rare occasionally. On the afternoon of January 13, 2004, a pair of ducklings were found in Daqiao Reservoir. On the morning of February 4 and 5, 2009, two mixed groups with common merganser were found at the head and tail of Daqiao Reservoir.

(4) Black stork < iciconia nigra < / I

It is a national class I key protected animal and listed in Appendix II of cites. It is an occasional winter migratory bird. One was found in Daqiao area in the winter of 2003, and two in changhaiwei on December 13, 2008.

(5) Golden Eagle < iaguila chrgsaetos < / I and other Raptors

Jindiao < iaguila chrgsaetos < / I is a national class I key protected animal and a rare resident bird. Occasionally, it hovers over the wetland, and the number is very small.

Other Raptors include black winged birds, sparrow hawk, sparrow hawk, common buzzard, harrier and kestrel, which often move over the wetland and wait for prey. According to the scientific research report, there are a few owls in the area, but their species have not been confirmed.

(6) White spoonbill < iplatalea iacoradia < / I

There are some migratory birds or winter migratory birds occasionally. Two were found in the winter of 2008.

(7) Mandarin duck < iaix galericulata < / I

The wildlife under the state class II key protection. There was no record in the past. On February 8, 2007, Yang Hua, a native of Daqiao, discovered 1

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