Dajue temple in Yunmen mountain

Yunmen Temple

synonym

Dajue temple in Yunmen mountain generally refers to Yunmen Temple (Yunmen temple in Pingshui, Shaoxing)

Yunmen temple is located at the foot of Yunmen mountain, six kilometers northeast of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County in northern Guangdong Province. There is a millennium famous temple, which is the birthplace of Buddhist Zen "Yunmen sect" - Dajue temple in Yunmen mountain.

Brief introduction to temples

Yunmen temple, in fact, is a general name, including Yunmen main temple and a number of sub temples. Later, the main temple gradually declined, and the sub temples were not established as temples, such as Xiansheng temple, Yongxi temple, Shousheng temple, etc. At that time, these main temples, together with Yunmen temple itself, were locally known as "one mountain and four temples", "one master and four assistants" or "one book but four names". However, the local believers usually regard these monasteries as Yunmen.

In addition, there are many temples and nunneries not far away. In Song Dynasty, Yunmen was divided into six Temples: Guangxiao, Xiansheng, Yongxi, Puji, mingjue and Yunmen. There are six temples in Yunmen today: Guangxiao, where the Duke of Enyu lives; Shangan, Guangfu; kanjingyuan, Xiansheng; Mengxing, zhaoyongxi; Puji in the West; mingjue in the south, each with its own resort This shows the grand occasion at that time.

Prosperous period

The scale of Yunmen temple in history is very grand. In the heyday of Yunmen temple, it was very busy. Lu you wrote in the book of the temple of longevity: "Yunmen temple has been famous all over the world since the Jin and Tang Dynasties. Father and elder said that in the past, when the mountains and streams were in full swing, the towers were overlapping, and the hills and valleys were crossed by the rocks (H è). The gold and green were flying enthusiastically. Those who lived there forgot their old age, and those who lived there forgot to return. Visitors are always confused. Although the people in the temple or XunYue are not allowed to do so. " From this we can see the grand occasion of that year.

In addition, according to the records in Kangxi Kuaiji county annals and the pictures of Yunmen temple, after entering the gorge, the first thing you can see is a stone archway with the words "Yunmen ancient temple". Beside the road are the famous "talent distinguishing tower" and "lijiu Pavilion". The discerning talent tower was built by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty. In the beautiful sentence Pavilion, there are poems praising Yunmen left by poets of past dynasties. Then there is the stone archway of "Zhuoli Cloud Gate", Xueqiao tower, Wuyun Pavilion, Huozhe tower, and then walk through the Wuyun bridge to the front of the Mountain Gate of Yunmen temple. There is a maple forest in front of the temple. From the picture, we can see that Yunmen temple at that time had as many as five entrances, including Mountain Gate, Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall, Dharma hall, Zen hall and other main halls.

Layout structure

There are two long rows of rooms on each side of the temple. Around the temple are tiemenkou, xifengge tomb, Prince jingbizhuo and Prince jingshanting (it is said in the book that Wang Bo, the first of the four outstanding writers in the early Tang Dynasty, presided over a grand event of "cloning" Wang Xizhi and others in the Jin Dynasty at the prince jingshanting Pavilion of Yunmen temple. ）, xiyanchi, Bairu Pavilion, Wuyun mountain, etc.

In addition, besides the main temple, Yunmen temple also has "kan Jing Yuan" (also known as "kan Jing Yuan"), Shao Shi Yuan (confession Hall), and "Xian Sheng Yuan" (the site of Yun men Xian Sheng Temple is in front of Yusi mountain in the southeast of Shaoxing City. In the second year of Later Zhou Xiande (955), Seng Chongyao built it in front of Shibi peak of zhengmi temple.

It was originally named xianshengyuan (Cloud Gate Temple). In September of the second year of the Song Dynasty (996), Xiansheng temple was changed. There is a prince's pen warehouse behind the courtyard, which is a real well. In Yuan Dynasty, the temple was destroyed. In the 22nd year of Wanli (1594) of Ming Dynasty, Zhang Junyuan and others invited Chan Master Yuancheng (Zhan ran) to rebuild the temple in front of Yusi mountain and open the fayunmen Xiansheng temple.

The scale

The temple is built near the mountain, covering an area of 13300 square meters, with more than 200 halls and houses. In 1930, there were more than 200 monks. In 1932, some temples were burned by Japanese invaders. In 1949, there were 22 monks. In 1951, the temple house was abandoned and changed into a folk house.

Yunmen Temple once played an important role in the history of Chinese Buddhism. For example, the first abbot, y ó u, was a famous monk of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Then there were FA Kuang, Zhu Daoyi (1), Zhi Dun, Tan Yi, Hong Ming, Hong Yu, Zhi Yong, Zhi Guo, Yuan Xin, Zhan ran, Chong Yao, Jing Ting, Bian Cai, Yun Ruo, you De Li, Wang men and so on. They were all eminent monks, especially Zhi Dun and Tan Yi. The former created the theory of "namely the color void", while the latter created the theory of "illusion". It has had a great influence on the development of Chinese Buddhism, especially the Xiangge of distinguishing talents. Bian Cai is a lawyer of Yunmen temple and a proud disciple of sun Zhiyong, the seventh generation of Wang Xizhi. He lived in Xiangge before his death, which is of course valued by later generations.

Related allusions

The name of Xiangge comes from the unique fragrance of Yunmen. Song Zhiwen "suyunmen Temple" said: "Tianxiang is full of gullies." Sun Miao's "reward eight thousand, he nine Cloud Gate under the river for" said: "Tianxiang full sleeve back." Meng Haoran's poem about youyunmen Temple says, "you can have a rest in Xiangjie Pavilion." Sun Miao's suyunmen Temple Pavilion says: "at the foot of the east mountain of Xiangge, the fireworks are as quiet as outside." Sun Miao should not live in Yandong courtyard, but live in Xiangge courtyard psychologically.

(according to the observation of Shi Libao in eastern Zhejiang Province during the reign of Xuanzong Dazhong, he went to Yunmen and lived in xianggeyuan, and left the poem "suyunmen xianggeyuan"). In those years, "preface to Lanting" was hidden on the sill of Xiangge, which should be regarded as a memorial for the poet. Another "inn" should be dongke courtyard, namely Yandong courtyard and Yunmen Temple reception courtyard. Xiao Yi lived here when he was entrusted by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty to come to Yunmen to defraud the preface to the Orchid Pavilion. Xiao Yi wrote the poem suyunmen East guest house.

The poet's first visit to Yunmen is to make friends with and win the favor of discerning talents. Yunmen temple in history is also connected with overseas Buddhist eminent monks. For example, in the late Ming Dynasty, the abbot monk, grandmaster Cunninghamia (formerly known as Duan LAN Gong), went to Japan to promote Buddhism for 30 years, which established a good foundation for Buddhist exchanges between China and Japan.

The beginning of the construction

Yunmen temple was first built in the third year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (407 AD). Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, ten states, song, yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China have a history of more than 1700 years, which is one of the oldest ancient temples in China. According to historical records, Wang Xianzhi, a great calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty, once lived in seclusion here. Yunmen temple was originally the old house of Wang Xianzhi (the seventh son of Wang Xizhi), who was appointed by zhongshuling. It is said that Wang Xianzhi once gave up his house as a temple.

On a night in 407, the third year of emperor an's Yixi reign, Wang Xianzhi suddenly appeared colorful auspicious clouds on the roof of his house at the foot of Qinwang mountain. Wang Xianzhi showed this to the emperor. Jin'an emperor learned that he had issued an imperial edict to rebuild Wang Xianzhi's old house into "Yunmen Temple", and the stone bridge in front of the gate was renamed "Wuyun bridge". The eminent monk Bo Daoyou lived there, and Zhu fakuang and Zhu Daoyi successively recruited them. "Jiatai Kuaiji Zhi" records that "Wang Xianzhi's former residence in Yunmen mountain ordered the construction of Yunmen temple." Another Ming Dynasty Wanli "Kuaiji Zhi" Volume 16 yuan Yu Ji wrote "Yunmen Temple records" said: "the book in the temple ordered Wang Xianzhi's old house.".

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a gathering of eminent monks in Yunmen temple. Jianzhong (780-783), the eminent monk lingche, wrote 27 volumes of the source of Lu Zong in Yunmen temple. Huineng, the sixth patriarch of Zen Buddhism, said in Caoxi that the eminent monks of Yunmen temple are good at acting as abbots. In the Huichang period of Tang Dynasty (841-846), Yunmen temple was destroyed due to the difficulty of Huichang. At that time, there was only a small hall in miannan that was not destroyed. Because of the benefits attached to it, it was called Guangxiao temple. In the sixth year of Xuanzong's reign in Tang Dynasty (852 AD), Li Baozou was rebuilt by observation. However, it was not restored to its original site and was granted the title of Dazhong zhengmi temple. Later, a confession hall was built in the west of the temple.

In the sixth year of Qiande (968 AD), Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty renamed a part of it (xianshengyuan) Yunmen temple. Song Yongxi three years (986) granted the name Yongxi courtyard. In the fifth year of Chunhua (994 AD), Emperor Taizong changed "zhengmi Temple" to "Chunhua Temple". In 955, the temple was built in front of Shibi peak of zhengmi temple. In 996, it was renamed xianshengyuan. The nunnery of Laosu in old Yunmen temple was also named Shousheng temple in 1069. At that time, Yunmen temple was divided into four parts. In the 14th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1144), Emperor Gaozong inscribed Guangxiao temple in Yunmen with the title of "zhuanzhong Guangxiao Temple", and in the middle of the title was a small word: "zhuanzhong Guangxiao Temple". In front of Guangxiao temple, there is a stele named "zhuanzhong Guangxiao Temple" written by Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty, which is more than Zhang high. The temple has the Mitha Taoist temple, and the Hangseng yuan zhaoshu. (there is another saying that it was renamed "Chuanzhong Guangxiao Temple" during the reign of emperor duzong Xianchun (1266-1274) in the Southern Song Dynasty.) The temple was abandoned.

Buddhist influence

In the third year of emperor zongtianqi of the Ming Dynasty (1623 AD), monk Fukun and his descendants raised money to rebuild the site, and Seng Xueqiao was the abbot. The old name of Yunmen temple has been restored and is still in use today. In 1638, Hongli, an eminent monk from Kuaiji, lived in Yunmen temple. "Slash and burn farming has ancient virtues", with 30 volumes of quotations. Yunmen temple was called Cao Dong Zhongxing Daochang in the late Ming Dynasty. Since zhanran (Yuancheng), the Yunmen clan has a strong influence and is antagonistic to the Tiantong clan of linjizong. At that time, Guangxiao temple and Xiansheng temple in Yunmen were greatly promoted, and they were influential in the south of the Yangtze River. In the early Qing Dynasty, Pingshui Buddhism entered into a high level of theoretical research, and eminent monks and famous monks emerged in an endless stream.

At that time, those who succeeded xiyunmen Xiansheng temple were all famous masters. The Jingzhu of Yuanmen under Mingfang gate, the Jingfu of Weizhong gate, the Jingting of langting and Jingchao of xidun under Mingyu gate, and the jingduan of Baiyu under Mingxue gate were all well-known Buddhist temples with quotations. From 1586 to 1676, linjizong lived in Daoyao, an eminent monk. He was ordered to build Pingyang temple and seven pavilions. His blood calligraphy and Chinese classics are all treasures of Buddhism. In the 17th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1661), he was granted five hundred liang of money and silver, which was very important

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