Puzhuang Castle

Puzhuang Castle

Puzhuangsuo city is located in Pucheng Township, Mazhan Town, Cangnan County, at the junction of Zhejiang and Fujian. It is a famous coastal defense castle in ancient China. Pucheng was originally along a corner of puwan. Due to the tidal fluctuation and sediment deposition, it gradually became a beach full of calamus and reed. More than 1500 years ago, the ancestors who came here to reclaim wasteland took puye weaving as the door and named it "Pumen". Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, it has always been an important place to guard against Japanese pirates. In 1384 of the Ming Dynasty, it was built to guard against Japanese pirates. Xia Ji, the first chief garrison of a thousand households, presided over the construction of Pucheng city wall at the foot of Longshan. Three years later, when it was completed, it was renamed "Pucheng".

In 1443, Wucheng was incorporated into puzhuang Suo City, which is now called Pucheng. In 1996, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and then established the cultural relics protection and Management Institute.

Historical overview

Puzhuangsuo city is located at the foot of the mountain near the junction of Zhejiang and Fujian in Pucheng Township, Mazhan Town, Cangnan County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. It is an ancient Chinese coastal defense castle. It was built by the Ming Dynasty to prevent Japanese pirates. It was originally named puzhousuo, but later it was merged with it and renamed puzhuangsuo. It belongs to jinxiangwei and is now named Pucheng.

The city wall of puzhuangsuo is 2550 meters long, 1.5 meters high, 2.7 meters wide at the bottom, and 1.2 meters wide at the top. The city wall is round in shape with a mountain in the north, a sea in the south, and three urn cities in the East, South, and West. All of them are square. The whole city of puzhuangsuo is in the shape of "round sky and round place", surrounded by a moat and connected with Pujiang River.

The sky is round and the place is round

According to "Pingyang County annals" written by Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, "Pumen city is surrounded by five li and thirty steps, one Zhang and five feet high and one Zhang and two feet wide. There are three gates, six hundred and eleven stacks, six enemy platforms and 22 Wopu." A bird's-eye view of Suocheng shows that the plane is irregular rectangle, long in North and south, short in East and West, round in North and round in South.

In addition to the northern side of the city wall built according to the mountain situation of Longshan, the other three sides are built on the flat ground, surrounded by moats outside the city, which is quite large. The city has a perimeter of more than 2300 meters and an area of about 0.33 square kilometers. The city wall is rammed with triad soil mixed with crushed stone. The inner and outer walls are built with irregular stones in three layers. The wall section is trapezoidal, with a bottom width of 6.5-8m, a top width of 5-6m and a height of 5.30-7.50m. Because the northern wall of puzhuangsuo city was built close to the mountain, it was necessary to set up gates in Yuan Dynasty. The other three gates in the East, South and west directions were Weiyuan gate, Zhengyang gate and Yixian gate in turn. Each gate had a tower, and each gate had a gate to protect the city. The shape and scale of Zhucheng tower, city gate and city gate are similar. The city gate and city gate are made of regular stones. The two gates are facing in different directions and form a 90 degree right angle on the plane central axis. The urn city is set between the two gates, and an enemy platform is built on the left and right sides of each city gate.

Historical evolution

During the Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty (1368-1398), the city was built to fight against Japanese invaders, and the Pumen qianhusuo and the zhuangzuo were set up. The city is more than 2500 meters around, about 5 meters high, with one gate in the East, one in the South and one in the West. The wall is rammed with triad soil, with block stones inside and outside, and surrounded by moat outside the city. It basically retains the original architectural pattern and a number of historical and cultural buildings. There are also some beacon towers and piers on the surrounding mountains.

Pu Zhuang Suo city is well preserved, and its location and layout are scientific and reasonable, which is of great significance to the study of Anti Japanese war in southeast coast and the construction of military towns in Ming Dynasty. There are no changes in the streets and patterns of Pu Zhuang's city since the Ming Dynasty. There are many monuments, such as Town God's Temple, Mazu temple, iron bureau, happy horse road, and southern Zhejiang residential groups in Ming Dynasty. In 1996, puzhuang Suocheng was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council of China.

architectural composition

Puzhuangsuo city is located in the north of Longshan and faces the sea. It is in the South and has a round arc in the north. Its plane is in the shape of "round sky and round place". The city wall is 2400 meters long, 3-7 meters high, 6-8 meters wide at the bottom and 4-7 meters wide at the top. It is built with three layers of stones and blocks inside and outside, and the middle is filled with rammed earth. There are three gates in the southeast and the west, all of which are built with square urn and tower. Except for the west tower which has been destroyed, there are two remaining towers. In addition, there were 6 enemy towers, 611 battlements, moats and suspension bridges outside the city. At that time, there were "14 officials of Qianhu and other families, and 1232 flag soldiers", belonging to jinxiangwei, and a number of villages (castles) and hous (beacon towers).

The plan is irregular rectangle, and the infrastructure structure is very reasonable. When the city was built, it took the cornerstone as the center, extended eastward to Shizi street, turned to dongchengmen through Hengjie street, and became Dongcheng Street, 305 meters long and 4.5 meters wide; extended southward to nanchengmen, it was Nanmen Street, 142 meters long and 4 meters wide; extended westward to xichengmen, it was Ximen street, 183 meters long and 4 meters wide; extended northward to the city at the foot of Longshan The temple ends at Cangqian street, 149 meters long and 2.4 meters wide. The streets and alleys in the city are designed in the shape of "Tian". They are arranged in order. The streets and alleys are connected. In the old days, it was very convenient to evacuate in case of war. Other small streets are divided in the "Tian" shaped square, and spread to the four streets, connecting the central street and the ring road, forming the road network in the small city. The narrow and deep roads are paved with stones and pebbles, and the streets and lanes in the city have remained unchanged. It is said that "One Pavilion, two pavilions, three archways, three gates, four alleys, seven nunneries, cross streets in Southeast and northwest, twenty-four ancient wells and eight theatres." The city's historic sites include Town God's Temple, Wenchang Pavilion, Donglin Temple, and West Zhu temple. Among them, shecang lane, Tieji Bureau and Mafang Lane in the southwest corner of the city were the logistics equipment areas at that time. The happy horse road built close to the inner side of the southeast west city wall is the main passage between the city gates, towers, enemy platforms and urn cities.

Renovation and restoration

The city has three gates, East, South and West. Weiyuan gate, the main gate, was renovated in the summer of 1987. The dentate battlements of the Ming Dynasty are magnificent in appearance. They are made of stones of similar size and shape, with enemy platforms on both sides. The structure is very prominent. The front three sides of the tower are surrounded by walls, 19.6 meters wide, 26.9 meters deep, covering an area of more than 500 square meters, forming a square urn, with one gate at the bottom and one gate at the right. It is used to lead wolves into the house and beat dogs in wartime. Dongcheng building, also known as Yingyang building, is built above the east gate. Today's city building was rebuilt later, which displays the local celebrities' historical records since the Song Dynasty. On the right side of the city building, there are three stone tablets recording the history of Pucheng.

The south gate is also called Zhengyang gate. The two walls of the gate are wrapped with stones and rammed with solid soil and gravel. It is 2.26-3.2 meters wide, 11.8 meters deep and 4.8 meters high. The arched gates on the inner and outer floors, which were originally set as portals, have been destroyed. Xicheng gate, also known as Yixian gate, is 2.2 meters wide and 5.55 meters deep, with two layers. There are two stone beams between the two arches, whose two ends are respectively inserted into the city wall. Outside the city, there are nanbaoling Yandun, dingkui mountain, Dajian mountain, opposite mountain and Xiaguan Yandun from north to south.

There are enemy, moat, Zhai Bao and Yan Dun outside the city. There are no changes in the streets and streets of the city. There are more than 30 temples in Town God's Temple and Mazu temples. There are many typical houses in southern Zhejiang and stone laying stones in the city. They not only provide historical materials for the struggle against Japanese pirates in the Ming Dynasty, but also are important places for patriotic education for the masses. This is an ancient Chinese house in the Qing Dynasty. It is a brick and wood mixed structure. The house is 6.3 meters high, of which the gate is 2.4 meters high and the depth is 8.9 meters. The side wall has the function of fire prevention. There is an exhibition hall, displaying many cultural relics such as Jin pottery, three inch Golden Lotus, Qing Dynasty official hat and so on. In particular, the golden imperial edict box is exquisite in design and workmanship. The imperial edict has been collected by the national cultural protection unit.

Ancient Chinese residence

In the ancient times, Pucheng was an important post station in the main road between Zhejiang and Fujian. It takes a lot of effort to walk from here to Fujian, which is just across a long and narrow shachenggang Bay. The local circulation of such a ballad: "far away to see the opposite mountain, close to see in front of you.". The transition is two miles away, and it takes three days to walk. "

In other words, it's a three-day walk by Fuding county. It takes only half an hour to cross the sea here. Because of the dangerous terrain, it has become an important garrison area in the Tang Dynasty. From 1127 to 1279, the Song Dynasty set up the Pumen village here, which was led by the inspector. There are patrol ships on the sea, which can be used for fighting. At that time, the government also set up some mansions in Pucheng to provide accommodation for officers, soldiers and businessmen. Especially after the Ming Dynasty, there was a prosperous situation of "garrison garrison to guard the village, poets came in an endless stream, merchants and customers came and went". Until the 1930s, it was still the political, economic, cultural, financial and trade center of the Mazhan area. Interestingly, Pucheng, with a population of more than 6000, actually uses ou, Minnan and she dialects. Among them, ou, which is commonly used by residents in the city, is said to be the product of the dialect spoken by Anti Japanese soldiers from Wenzhou and influenced by Minnan dialect. The military system of the Ming Dynasty is different from that of modern times. The founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang accepted the proposal of Gao Shen Liu Ji and implemented the "military defense system". Officers and soldiers were stationed with their families, hereditary and rarely mobile, which is not like the saying "iron barracks and flowing soldiers".

After passing on from generation to generation, it has formed a unique language. Today, the Ou language here can still communicate with the Ou language in Cangnan, Pingyang and other places, but it has a strong Minnan accent. For more than 600 years, this language island has not been assimilated by the surrounding Minnan language, which is also a miracle.

Introduction of each department

Dongchengmen

East gate two

Chinese PinYin : Pu Zhuang Suo Cheng