Ryukyu

Ryukyu, formerly known as shamaki, is a small island off the southwest coast of Pingtung County, Taiwan Province. It is the only coral reef island in Taiwan and the only tourist attraction without northeast monsoon. It is commonly known as "little Ryukyu".

The beauty cave, the most famous scenic spot on the island, is a marvelous sight. In addition, there are "clamboard bay" that can snorkel and paddle, which is comparable to Konglong Bay in Hawaii. Nature has created all kinds of strange rocks on the island!

Ryukyu Islands

synonym

Ryukyu (Ryukyu Islands for short) generally refers to the Ryukyu Islands

Ryukyu Archipelago is located in the eastern periphery of the East China Sea, with a total length of more than 1000 kilometers from north to south, extending from northeast to southwest. There are more than 60 named and inhabited islands and more than 400 unnamed islands in total, including Dayu islands, tugalalie islands, Yamei islands, Dadong Islands, Dadong islands and Xiandao islands

. Historically, the Ryukyu Islands have long belonged to China's sphere of influence. It is about 700 kilometers away from Shanghai, Ningbo and Wenzhou along the coast of China. Before 1871, there was Ryukyu, which started from Amami island in the north, Xijie island in the East, bozhaojian island in the south, and Naguo island in the West.

At present, it is under the jurisdiction of Japan, the defeated country in World War II, but the administrative power in some areas is still exercised by the United States. About 70% of the US military bases in Japan are concentrated in Ryukyu. In 1972, the U.S. military handed over the Ryukyu Islands to Japan for trusteeship (sovereignty does not belong to Japan). The Ryukyu people gathered to protest against the U.S. military's deprivation of their right to independence.

According to the supplement of Article 8 of Potsdam Proclamation, "the conditions of Cairo Declaration will be implemented, and the sovereignty of Japan will be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and other small islands determined by us. "At present, all over the world support the" Ryukyu restoration movement ", and there are also claims for autonomy or the implementation of one country, two systems. Due to the long-term influence of Chinese Minnan culture, customs and habits are somewhat different from Japanese culture.

Geography

overview

The Ryukyu Islands, extending about 1100 km (700 miles) southwest from Kyushu Island (and its affiliated Islands) in southern Japan to northeast Taiwan, are the boundary between the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea. The total land area is 3090 square kilometers (1193 square miles), including 55 large and small islands, which are divided into three larger island groups: the northern part is the Yamei island chain, the central part is the Ryukyu Islands, and the southern part is the pre islands. Because of its special geographical location, Ryukyu is regarded as the transit station of trade between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, and its trade is developed, so it is known as "Jinliang of all nations".

From north to south, the Ryukyu Islands include Dayu islands, tugalalie islands, Amami islands, Dadao islands, Okinawa Islands, Dadong islands and Xiandao islands. There are more than 60 named and inhabited islands and more than 400 nameless islands.

It covers an area of more than 4600 square kilometers and has a population of more than 1.4 million (1985).

Many low mountains, the highest point of the palace of puyue 1935 meters above sea level (in the big corner of the island of Wujiu Island). Subtropical marine monsoon climate, Changxia Island, annual precipitation of 2000-3000 mm, many typhoons. Sugarcane and pineapple are two major specialties, and sweet potato is also produced. There are also many pigs and cattle. Inshore fishery is developed and tourism is very prosperous. There are international universities and Ryukyu University on Ryukyu Island.

The two largest islands are Okinawa (1204 square kilometers [465 square miles]) and Amada (712 square kilometers [275 square miles]). These larger islands were originally volcanic islands with mountains, while the smaller islands were mostly coral islands with relatively flat terrain. It is a subtropical marine monsoon climate with abundant rainfall and typhoon attack every year.

archipelago

Dayu Islands

Wujiu Island, Zizi Island, Kobayashi Island, mamao Island (uninhabited island)

Tugala Islands

Kouzhi Island, Zhongzhi Island, woshe Island (uninhabited island), xiaowoshe Island (uninhabited island), Pingdao Island, suwazhilai Island, ESHI Island, Xiaobao Island, Baodao Island, shangzhigen Island (uninhabited island), hengdang Island (uninhabited island)

Amami Islands

Dadao, zhishoujiu Island (uninhabited island), Xijie Island, Jiaji luma Island, jiangrenwu Island (uninhabited island), xuzimao Island (uninhabited island), Hulu Island, please Island, Mushan Island (uninhabited island), Dezhi Island, chongyongliangbu Island, and Yulun island

Ryukyu Islands

Iwo Jima (uninhabited island), yipingwu Island, Yefu Island (uninhabited island), isimi Island, Ryukyu Island (commonly known as Ryukyu Island), ijiang Island, Laidi Island, shuina Island (uninhabited island in bunting), guyuli Island, wuidi Island, aowu Island (uninhabited island in minghushi), Miyagi Island (dayiwei Village), IQI Island, Miyagi Island (yuliumashi), heizuo island and binbicha island , SUDI Island, Fuyuan Island (uninhabited island), nanfuyuan Island (uninhabited island), Jinjian Island, Jiugao Island, aowu Island (Nancheng city), sokuo Island, watanahi Island, Kumi Island, aowu Island (Kumi Island town), and aowu island

Kerama Islands

Dujiafu Island, Qiandao Island, zuojianwei Island, Ajia Island, qingliujian Island, waiwaidao Island (no man Island, Lujian Airport)

Dadong Islands

Beidadong Island, nandadong Island, chongdadong Island

Islands of the former Islands

Gonggu islands: gonggu Island, Chijian Island, Dashen Island, yiliangbu Island, xiadi Island, Laijian Island, shuina island and duoliangjian island

Eight mountains Archipelago

Shiyuan Island, Xibiao Island, Zhufu Island, Xiaobin Island, Heidao Island, Xincheng Island, Jiujian Island, Youbu Island, bozhaojian Island, and Naguo island

Planting characteristics

The main agricultural crops are sweet potato and rice. Sugar and canned pineapples are the main export products. Tuna fishing is increasingly important. Traditional industries include lacquerware and pottery making, and emerging enterprises produce various industrial compounds.

history

Ryukyu Kingdom

There used to be Ryukyu Kingdom on the Ryukyu Islands. Just a hundred years ago, this kingdom had its own language. In Ming Dynasty, the ruler of Ryukyu Island was granted the title of Ryukyu king. Because of the convenience of waterway, it is the trade hub of neighboring countries. In 1609, it was invaded by Japan. In 1693, Samoan forced Japan to cede the northern islands to Japan. From then on, Japan began to gradually annex Ryukyu. On March 30, 1879 (March 8, 1879), Ryukyu was destroyed by Japan. In 1879, Ryukyu was incorporated into the territory of Japan, and Okinawa was set up in the same year. In 1945, Japan was defeated. Article 8 of Potsdam Proclamation: "the conditions of Cairo Declaration will be implemented, and Japan's sovereignty will be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and other small islands determined by us.". Ryukyu's sovereignty returned to China. However, in view of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Ryukyu was temporarily entrusted by the United States. In 1970, the United States and Japan signed the "San Francisco Peace Treaty between the United States and Japan" behind China's back, transferring the management of Ryukyu and Diaoyu Islands to Japan. This is illegal.

The capital of Ryukyu Kingdom, Shouli, is in the eastern suburb of Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Shouli city and other Ryukyu cultural relics, where Ryukyu kings and royal families lived and handled government affairs, were designated as world cultural heritage by the United Nations Educational, scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2000.

The Ryukyu Kingdom in history is located in the Chinese mainland east (Taiwan northeast of China), and the sea in the southwest of Kyushu, Japan, as an archipelago. Like ancient Japan, the earliest written records of its country can be found in ancient Chinese history. There is liuqiuzhuan in Sui Shu. According to Zhongshan Shijian, the country's first national history written in Chinese, which was completed in 1650, it is said that "our Dynasty was opened up, and the God Amomi built it for a long time." "At the beginning, there was no name of Ryukyu. Tens of thousands of years later, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ordered Zhu Kuan, a military officer of Yuqi, to visit the country and ask for different customs. From a distance, Wan Tao looks at it, winding and extending. If Qiu floats in the water, it is named Liuqiu. "

That is to say, in the Sui Dynasty (581-617), the country was called Liuqiu. Sui Shu was changed to Liuqiu. Since then, "Liuqiu" has been written in the history of the Yuan Dynasty. In some books, it is also called "Liuqiu". In a word, it is homophonic. The original pronunciation of the word "Liuqiu" comes from the official language of the Sui and Tang Dynasties [or earlier], that is, today's Hakka, which means that it is distributed unevenly in different sizes on a plane Some things, such as a piece of silkworm eggs, are distributed in Ryukyu and Ryukyu, which was used by the dynasty to describe the islands distributed in the sea, hence the name.

In 1372, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang sent an envoy Yang Zai to Ryukyu with an imperial edict, which was called Ryukyu. Since then, it has become an official name. It can be seen that even the name of Ryukyu was taken by China. According to the records of the State Council of Shuyu Zhou, the imperial edict said: "I am honored by my subjects and become emperor. I will have the name of Daming and Jianyuan Hongwu. They sent envoys to foreigners to tell me what they wanted. When the envoys arrived, the barbarian chieftains paid tribute to them. However, Ryukyu is located in the southeast of China, far away from overseas. I'll send an envoy to give you an order, and I'll let you know. " This imperial edict is a kind of peaceful diplomacy, except that it regards itself as the center of China and uses such words as "barbarians" used by Chinese emperors. Therefore, chadu, king of Ryukyu, first received the imperial edict, and immediately sent Wang Di Tai Qi to come to China with Yang Zai. "Thus, Ryukyu began to pass through China, in order to open the road of cultural reform

Chinese PinYin : Liu Qiu