Dongfang mountain

Dongfang mountain, known as "the first mountain of the three Chu states", is located in the lower land area of Huangshi. It is mainly composed of three main peaks, manqiannao, Range Rover Nao and zoumazhai, covering an area of 18 square kilometers. It is said that Dongfang Shuo, the Taizhong official of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, was frustrated in his official career and wandered in the rivers and lakes. He settled here in about 100 BC. Dongfang mountain was named after his surname. Dongfang mountain has picturesque scenery, pleasant climate and rich tourism resources. There are more than 2000 species of plants in the mountains, and the forest coverage rate has reached 90%. Among the bamboo groves, gingko trees with a history of more than 1200 years stand out and take the lead; eight ancient sceneries, such as Daodong Yunting, Tieniu Langwo, Lingquan zhuoxi, shichuangaoguan, Yueyong Zen pass, Xianlu rixuan, Qingsong inverted, and Bailian frequent opening, are especially present, which make people forget to return; Oriental landscape reservoir, known as "high mountains out of Pinghu", is sparkling It's crystal clear, which adds a bit of aura to Dongfang mountain. Dongfang mountain has a long history and has a long history of Buddhist culture. Honghua temple, which was built in the early years of Yuanhe of Tang Xianzong, has been handed down to 73 generations for thousands of years. For thousands of years, there have been many eminent monks in Honghua temple. Three of them came to Beijing to talk about it. They were received by the emperor of that dynasty, and they were given special gifts. Dongfang mountain is located in the west of Huangshi City. It is composed of three main peaks: zoumazhai, manqiannao and langshengnao. The three peaks stand on the same footing, each with its own characteristics. Dongfang mountain is the largest forest area in Huangshi City, which is not high and has dense trees, deep forests, beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, various grass and woody plants, and the forest coverage rate is more than 90%. The eight ancient sceneries, such as "Chan Guan Yue Yong, Ling Quan Zhuo Xi, Dao Dong Yun Ting", are of different styles, which bring up beautiful legends and attract thousands of visitors. As early as the spring and Autumn period, a small city named "e" appeared on the Bank of the Yangtze River in the dongfangshan mountains. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Dongfang Shuo, an ancient wizard, once settled here to collect herbs, refine pills and give them to the people. Dongfang mountain also got its name because of its surname. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Quan, the king of Wu, established the capital of Wuchang. Because of its danger, Dongfang mountain became a place of victory to defend the military and the country. Zoumazhai was the camp of the guard of the capital city of the eastern Wu at that time. At present, Dongfang mountain has become a tourist attraction integrating Buddhist culture and scenic tourism. In 1997, Dongfang mountain was approved as a provincial scenic spot by the provincial government. In February 2003, it was rated as a national AA scenic spot. The 22 temples in Dongfang mountain, represented by it, are scattered among the mountains and valleys, which constitute the unique Buddhist cultural characteristics of Dongfang mountain. In recent decades, Dongfang mountain has successfully held four temple fairs, the "praying for world peace Dharma" and the "teaching three great commandments Dharma". The visitors have been in more than 10 countries, including the United States, Japan, Australia, Singapore, and more than 20 cities and regions in China, including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.

Dongfang mountain

Dongfang mountain, located in Xialu District, Huangshi City, Hubei Province, China, with an altitude of 475 meters, is a provincial scenic spot, a provincial forest park and a national AAAA scenic spot. Dongfang mountain is known as "the first mountain of the three Chus". It is mainly composed of three main peaks, manqiannao, Ranger Nao and zoumazhai, covering an area of 18 square kilometers. The three peaks stand on top of each other with their own characteristics. The forest coverage rate is more than 90%, which is the largest forest area in Huangshi City. There are eight ancient sceneries preserved, such as "Qingsong inverted, Bailian frequent open, Tieniu lazy lying, stone boat high support, Yueyong Zen pass, Xianlu rixuan, Lingquan zhuoxi, Daodong Yunting". Dongfang mountain is committed to building the fifth famous mountain of Chinese Buddhism. It will set up a "pharmacist Buddhism field", corresponding to Wudang Mountain in Western Hubei, and form a religious and cultural tourism pattern of "asking Wudang, worshiping the Buddha in the East" in Hubei.

The origin of mountain name

There have always been two versions of the name of Dongfang mountain. One is "the name of the region" in the Three Kingdoms period, and the other is named in memory of Dongfang Shuo.

On the name of geographical location

During the Three Kingdoms period, Ezhou city was the territory under the rule of the Soochow regime. In 220 A.D., Sun Quan set up Wuchang County in Echeng District of Ezhou City, which is the largest county in Soochow. After the Three Kingdoms, the Dongwu regime always regarded the Yangtze River as the route of life. With its dangerous terrain, Dongfang mountain, Xisai mountain and zhangjiahu lake, which stand in the middle of the Yangtze River, formed a joint defense base by water and land, and became the eastern fortress and barrier of the capital of Dongwu. Hence the name zoumazhai is the remains of the camp of the capital guard of Dongwu. Even after the union of Wu and Shu, the battlefield between Wu and Wei was transferred to Hefei and the capital was moved to Jianye, which ended Wuchang county's status as an important military town of Wu. Dongfang mountain was still a place of victory for Gongwei military town, just replacing the forbidden army in zoumazhai with the national defense army in the field.

The above is the origin of the "regional location naming theory" about the origin of the name of Dongfang mountain. Taking the Xishan Mountain of Ezhou City as the evidence, one east and one west, and taking Wuchang ancient capital city as the identification location, the author thinks it is reasonable. Moreover, the two peaks of Fenghuang and Baizhi in the eastern mountains were named by the emperor of Soochow, which further proves this point.

In memory of Dongfang Shuo

According to this theory, the origin of the name of Dongfang mountain originated in the middle period of the Western Han Dynasty before the epoch, and it was related to Dongfang Shuo, who was famous in history. It was because Dongfang Shuo came here to live in seclusion and got his name. In about 96 BC, Dongfang Shuo traveled thousands of miles down the Han River to the south of the Yangtze River in order to travel in Jingchu and Wu. On the way, she went ashore by boat in Daye county and settled down in Dongfang mountain. The only reason for this was to visit the ancient city of yin and Zhou and the site of smelting copper. Therefore, many places in Daye county have legends and sites about Dongfang Shuo.

This theory later aroused some people's suspicion, because in the Jiajing and Wanli years of the Ming Dynasty, some literati poets, in the narration and chanting of climbing the Dongfang mountain, changed the time of dongfangshuo's seclusion in the mountain "the first year of Taishi" into "the first year of Benshi".

According to the records of Sima Qian, a contemporary historian of Dongfang Shuo, when Dongfang Shuo died, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was still alive. Not long before Dongfang Shuo died, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, took some of his officials to visit him, leaving behind the historical allusion that "when a man is dying, his words are good". People can't believe that Dongfang Shuo came to live in seclusion in Dongfang mountain in the first year of Benshi, because Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, had died for 14 years, and Dongfang Shuo died earlier than Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. A person who has died for more than ten years can't travel thousands of miles to live in seclusion in the wild mountains.

The word "Benshi" and "Taishi" has been misunderstood for more than 700 years. After careful research on the genealogy of monks and nuns in Honghua Buddhist temple in Dongfang mountain, we can not conclude the following three reasons

1、 In Jiajing period, the quality of letterpress printing was still poor, resulting in errors.

2、 The descendants of Jiajing did not dare to go beyond the Leichi. They followed suit, which led to more mistakes.

3、 The printers have little historical knowledge and can't check and correct it.

Moreover, the existing genealogy of monks and nuns in Honghua Buddhist temple in Dongfang mountain is full of mistakes. It's not uncommon for teachers to be small and apprentices to be big.

geographical environment

geographical position

Dongfang mountain is located in Xialu District, Huangshi City, Hubei Province. Dongfang mountain covers an area of 18 square kilometers, with the highest altitude of 475 meters. Dongfang mountain is composed of manqiannao, Ranger Nao and zoumazhai. The whole mountain ranges from northwest to Southeast, to Mufu mountains in the south, and to the Yangtze River in the north. It is majestic and steep. The location of the scenic spot is stable and in good condition, with few geological disasters.

climatic conditions

Dongfang mountain tourist area has a subtropical monsoon climate, with cold winter and hot summer, four distinct seasons, sufficient light, rich heat and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 17 ℃, the maximum temperature is 38 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 3 ℃, the annual rainfall is more than 1500 mm, and the average temperature difference between the mountain and the foot is 5 ℃. Southeast wind prevails in the territory, with an average annual wind speed of 2.17 meters.

hydrologic condition

Streams, big ditches and springs can be seen everywhere on Dongfang mountain. They flow into the harbor road to form five streams, which flow into Huangshi Cihu, dayejin lake and Ezhou huama Lake respectively, intercepting the artificial lake formed by the Oriental landscape system. There are Jiangyang reservoir in the East, Yuanmen reservoir in the south, dongfangshan reservoir in the West and Shiqiao reservoir in the north.

The reservoir is located in Zhangjiawan and Xiejiawan, the easternmost part of Dongfang mountain, with an area of about 1.22km2.

Pool - Jishuitan in Jinpen area is located between the golden basins about 200m to the southwest of Honghua temple. It is a Jishuitan with an area of about 1 mu. There is a spring in the pool, where there is water all the year round. Even in the year of drought, it will not dry up. Jishuitan is not deep, pull the duckweed can see the clear water light cloud shadow.

natural resources

There are more than 2000 species of woody and herbaceous plants in Dongfang mountain, with a forest coverage rate of more than 90%. It is the largest forest area in the hinterland of Huangshi. Among the eastern woody trees, pine, fir, cypress, sandalwood, elm, Toona, holly, Melia azedarach and Sophora japonica are widely distributed. Among them, such as pine forest, fir forest, maple forest, Guilin, about 60. Citrus, peach, plum, apricot, loquat, walnut, chestnut, jujube, apple and other fruit trees are also widely planted. As a provincial forest park, Dongfang mountain is the lung of Huangshi City.

Among them, the Honghua temple on Dongfang mountain has the founder's wisdom seal, and a thousand year old Ginkgo biloba is planted by hand, with a life span of more than 1200 years

Chinese PinYin : Dong Fang Shan