Museum of Hanzhong

The ancient Hantai used to be the palace of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, when he was in Hanzhong. Therefore, it is called the ancient Hantai. It is a symbol of the foundation of the Han Dynasty. The former palace buildings have been damaged for a long time, but now only a three-level platform and a 7-meter-high platform are left. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the local government set up the Hanzhong Museum on the original site of the ancient Hantai, and its architectural style and layout also restored the original style of the ancient Hantai. The forest of Steles in Hantai is the most important exhibition in the museum, which is composed of Baoxie ancient plank road exhibition room and Shimen 13 article exhibition room. Wangjiang tower, the highest part of the ancient Hantai, was built in the Southern Song Dynasty. After restoration, it has been transformed into a religious statue exhibition room in the museum. It is now a landmark building in Hanzhong City. On the opposite side of Wangjiang tower is Guiyin hall built in the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall are several ancient Han osmanthus trees, which are good places to look for incense and enjoy Guiyin in the Mid Autumn Festival. In the hall are displayed the historical relics of Hanzhong and Han Dynasty. On the East and West sides of the hall are Donghua hall and Xihua hall, which display the historical relics of Hanzhong revolution and ancient Chinese characters and paintings.

Museum of Hanzhong

Hanzhong Museum, also known as Hanzhong City Museum, was founded on November 18, 1958. It is a comprehensive local history museum in Hanzhong City and listed as one of the top ten museums in Shaanxi Province. The museum is equipped with Shimen 13 items of Han and Wei dynasties, ancient Baoxie plank road, historical relics of Han Dynasty in Hanzhong, cultural relics unearthed from Song tombs in Hanzhong, calligraphy and paintings of ancient celebrities, religious statue art in collection, and special exhibition of modern revolutionary historical relics in Hanzhong.

Collection

Hanzhong Museum has more than 12000 cultural relics. There are 537 cultural relics of upper grade, including 46 of first grade, 85 of second grade and 406 of third grade. Hanzhong City Museum is built on the site of the ancient Hantai. Its architecture mainly relies on the original architectural style and layout of the ancient Hantai, and is composed of three courtyards gradually rising from south to north.

Over the years, the research on the collections in the museum has attracted attention at home and abroad.

Ancient Hantai

The ancient Han platform is the Palace site of Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty. It is 7 meters high, facing south and divided into three steps. It is a typical Qin and Han Palace site built by hand rammed earth.

After the Hongmen banquet, Liu Bang was enfeoffed as the king of Han by the overlord of Western Chu. Wang Ba, Shu, Hanzhong and Du Nanzheng (now Hantai District of Hanzhong City) were the kings of Han. The king of the Han Dynasty came to Hanzhong from Ziwu road and burned off the plank road to show that he had no intention of returning to the north. When he came to Hanzhong, he was very angry. Xiao he advised him in time. Hanzhong said "Tian Han", which is very beautiful. The Milky way in the sky corresponds to the Han River on the earth. It's God's will. May King Wang Hanzhong. So the king of the Han Dynasty took Xiao He's advice and worshipped Han Xin, who had been humiliated, as a great general. After that, he built the plank road in the Ming Dynasty, went to Chencang in the dark, crossed the Qinling Mountains in the north, eliminated Xiang Yu, and established a unified feudal dynasty, the Han Dynasty, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history. Hanzhong became the birthplace of the Western Han Dynasty. The allusions, such as mending the plank road in the open, spending the Chencang in the dark, and the Hanxi river rising at night, Xiao He chasing Hanxin under the moon, have been passed down for thousands of years.

After Song Dynasty, ancient Hantai became the back garden of Hanzhong government. Wangjiang tower, the Tianhan tower built in the Southern Song Dynasty, is located at the highest part of the ancient Han platform. It has the architectural style of North and south.

Stone carvings on Shimen cliff

The State Council announced the first batch of state key cultural relics protection units "Baoxie road stone gate and its cliff stone carvings". Baoxie road is the longest and most convenient way to cross the Qinling Mountains. Shimen is a tunnel opened during the Yongping period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is the earliest manual mountain crossing tunnel in the world. Scholars of all ages have carved 178 kinds of stone carvings in the Shimen tunnel and its north and South cliffs, among which the most famous is Shimen 13 stone carvings, which are known as national treasures.

Shimen 13 products refer to the general name of 13 kinds of cliff inscriptions published in the Shimen tunnel of Gubao inclined road and between the north and South cliffs.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the cliff of Baoxie road was originally built about one mile south of Shimen cave. The stone is mica schist. The surface of the tablet is uneven and there are gullies between them. The characters are scattered. The style of calligraphy is characterized by seal characters, which is quite ancient. This style of calligraphy is the only one in the country and is known as a national treasure.

The full name of "Ode to Shimen" is "Gu Sili Xiaowei is Yang Junsong". It was carved in the second year of Jianhe. Together with "Ode to Fuge" and "Ode to Xixia", it is also called "Ode to Han Dynasty". It is a masterpiece of Lizhong and a treasure of calligraphy. It records the history of Yang Mengwen, the former commander of Sili school, who refuted the public opinions and finally repaired Baoxie road. It also reflects the history of crossing the four roads between Qinling Mountains in the Eastern Han Dynasty. These are not recorded in history books. Therefore, it has very high historical literature value. "Ode to Shimen" is an excellent official script, representing the highest level of ancient official script. It is bold and simple, vigorous and elegant, and is a masterpiece that calligraphers have been copying for thousands of years. Zhang Zuyi of the Qing Dynasty commented that "in the past 300 years, those who have studied steles in the Han Dynasty have been at a loss, but no one has studied Ode to the stone gate. They have a strong and unrestrained spirit. The timid dare not learn, and the weak can not."

After that, there were stone carvings of Han Dynasty, such as Yang Huai Yang Bi Biao Ji, Li juntong Ge Dao Ji, etc. their style inherited the ode to Shimen, but developed.

Jade basin is said to be written by Zhang Liang. It is located in the Baohe River in the south of Shimen. It is shaped like a huge basin and its color is like jade. The "floating wave jade basin" is one of the 24 scenes of Baogu in the Qing Dynasty.

Gunxue was written by Cao Cao, the king of Wei Dynasty. Cao Cao, the hero of the first generation, came to Hanzhong twice in his life. Cao Cao conquered wudoumi Dao and Zhang Lu in the 20th year of Jian'an (215); the second time was in the 24th year of Jian'an (219). This stone carving was written when he came to Hanzhong for the second time. At that time, it was a book to see the splash of Baoshui spray like rolling snow. It is said to be the handwriting of Cao Cao. The signature of "king of Wei" is 6.5cm in diameter, which is quite different from the style of "gunxue". Although the cliff has experienced many years, its handwriting is clear and its charm is still the same.

Shimen Ming is a cliff inscription on the east wall of Baohe Shimen in the second year of Yongping in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It is a famous stone carving of the Northern Wei Dynasty. This paper describes the history of the change of Baoxie road in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Its value mainly lies in its artistic value of calligraphy.

According to the completion of shanheyan, the cliff was originally located between the cliffs on the west side of the Baohe River tens of steps south of Shimen, with a height of 226 cm, a width of 510 cm on the upper edge and 506 cm on the lower edge, with a 15 cm edge protruding around. The two ends of the cliff face are inward and the middle part is outward. The text is arranged in 16 lines from right to left, with 9 characters in each line. The diameter of the characters is about 6 inches. The full text is as follows: in the fifth year of the reign of Shaoxi, shanheyan was completed. Zhang Sen, the prefectural governor, fan Zhongyi, the envoy of Changping, and Wang Zonglian, the commander-in-chief, brought in laborers in February. There are six weirs, nine hundred and thirty-five Zhangs, and four hundred and ten Zhangs of channels. According to the work of wood, 724900 are marvelous; according to the work of man, 159800 are marvelous. First of all, in the summer of four years, there was a flood and six weirs. In autumn, the envoys were ordered to take charge of the affairs and serve the people. They thought that the loss of the people should be four times as much as that of every year. Zha hang, Jia Sizu, Yan Mao, Zhang Bingshi and Dong Qi. This paper describes the history of the Southern Song Dynasty when the flood broke the mountain and river weirs and the officials and the people worked together to build them. It was written by Yan Mao, the first official of the Southern Song Dynasty, and is the representative work of the Song Dynasty.

Although the thirteen stone inscriptions of Shimen are only thirteen kinds of cliff inscriptions, they reflect the evolution of Lishu from ancient Li to Han Li to Wei Shu to Song Li, which can not be replaced by other stone inscriptions. Because of this, calligraphers of all ages cherished it and enjoyed a high reputation abroad. The famous Japanese calligrapher, Mr. Gengu Fanzhou, said that "Hanzhong Shimen is the teacher of Japan". Among them, "Da Kaitong", "Ode to Shimen", "Yang Huai Biao Ji" and "Shimen Ming" have been included in the textbooks of Japanese primary and secondary school students.

academic research

Since 1994, four international academic conferences have been held on the research of Sichuan Road and Shimen stone carvings, and a number of research achievements have been published, such as research on Shimen cliff carvings, Shimen Han Wei thirteen products, Han San song album, Shimen thirteen products summary and Shimen stone carvings Daquan.

Development history

From the Western Han Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty

In 206 BC, Liu Bang, the Duke of Peigong, was enfeoffed as the king of Han by Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, "Wang Ba, Shu, Hanzhong and Nanzheng". It is said that the ancient Hantai was the place where he stayed.

In the ninth year of Gaozu in the Western Han Dynasty (198 BC), Tian Shu, the governor of Hanzhong, built the ancient Han platform.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, tianhanlou was built, which was later called Wangjiang tower.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

In 1503, Zhou Dong, the governor of Hanzhong, built a new Xixin Pavilion.

In 1671, Zhongxiu, the governor of Hanzhong, built Xiyu Pavilion.

In 1687, Teng Tianshou, the governor of Hanzhong, rebuilt the ancient platform.

In the 35th year of Kangxi (1696), Wang Yuyang, a famous scholar, visited the ancient Hantai and wrote the poem "Hantai".

In the 37th year of Kangxi (1698), Chen Bangqi, the governor of Hanzhong, renovated the ancient Han platform and built Qinghui Pavilion in its northeast corner.

In the early years of Qianlong, Zhu Xiansheng, the governor of Hanzhong, rebuilt the East corridor shepu.

In 1767, Wang Shixun, the governor of Hanzhong, renovated the Qinghui Pavilion and erected a monument.

In 1814, Li Xingyuan, a famous patriot, was appointed governor of Hanzhong.

During the reign of Jiaqing, Yan Ruyi, the governor of Hanzhong, built a grass Pavilion.

In the third year of Daoguang (1823), Wang Zhiyi and Lu Shen visited the ancient Hantai, and Wang Zhiyi wrote the book "grass tour in the south of Han".

In 1827, Lin Zexu, the governor of Shaanxi Province, visited the ancient Hantai and chanted the poem "Hantai".

The 26th year of Daoguang

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