Dongquanmen

Dongquanmen is an ancient street in Yangzhou. It runs from east to west, reaching Guoqing road in the West and Guanxiang in the East. It is about 700 meters long, parallel to Wenchang Middle Road, the main road in Yangzhou. The houses on dongquanmen Street are traditional buildings with blue brick, black tile and fir structure on both sides, and sometimes with cement structure. They are all famous houses, such as the West House warehouse of he Fufang's family in the Qing Dynasty and the house door of lawyer Zhou Kaiqu's family in the Republic of China. But the gate structure of the house is different because of the owner's identity, class and wealth.

Dongquanmen

Dongquanmen is an ancient street in Yangzhou. It runs from east to west, reaching Guoqing road in the West and Guanxiang in the East. It is about 700 meters long, parallel to Wenchang Middle Road, the main road in Yangzhou.

Introduction to ancient street

It is famous for preserving a large number of Ming and Qing ancient dwellings, especially salt merchants' houses. It is one of the historical blocks protected in Yangzhou city.

history

Dongquanmen was formed in Ming Dynasty. During the Zhengde period, the salt transportation envoy built three gatehouses in the East, South and North because he was alone outside the city (the old city). The East gatehouse was called the East circle gate, and formed a street to the East, which became the settlement of salt merchants.

There are many cultural relics along the street of dongquanmen. From west to East, there are dongquanmen gate tower, Huyuan, former residence of President Jiang Zemin, former residence of Qingxi (former residence of Confucian scholar Liu Wenqi) and Wang's small garden (provincial cultural protection unit). The west end of the street is facing the former Office of salt transportation envoy, and the east end is Qionghua temple.

tour scenery

Dongquanmen street is an east-west street running through dongquanmen. To the west of the circle gate is "inside the East circle gate"; to the east of the circle gate is "outside the East circle gate", commonly known as "East circle Gate Street". At that time, the gate tower and gate of dongquanmen were still there. The east end of dongquanmen street is connected with sanzhu'an street and diguandi street, and the west end is connected with Yunsi street. The street is about 620 steps long and only 6 steps wide. The center of the street is paved with 70 cm long and 50 cm wide stone slabs. After liberation, it was changed to cement mortar pavement, and there are still scattered stone slabs to be found. In recent years (2000), when the streets were renovated, not only the dongquanmen tower was rebuilt, but also the slate road was resurfaced, which was as wide and clean as the Yudao street in front of the Ming Palace Museum.

Most of the famous people's houses and relics on this dongquanmen Street are concentrated on the north side of the street, such as the Sanzhu nunnery at the east end of the street. It is the former residence of Jinnong (named Dongxin), one of the eight strange painters in Yangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. No. 14, dongquanmen street, a hundred paces away from the west of sanzhu'an, is the home of Liu Wenqi, a famous scholar of Confucian classics of Yangzhou school in the Qing Dynasty. In the west of the old house of the Liu family, there is only one lane across from the gate of general manager Luo, that is, No. 16 house in dongquanmen street. It is the former residence of Jiang Shixi, the grandfather of a great man of the time. Separated by a wall, No. 18 Yin's old house is the residence of Yin, senior engineer of classical garden construction engineering company. No. 20 compound is said to be the former site of Qi Youmeng, Hubei magistrate and grandson of Qi Junzao, Minister of rites of the Qing Dynasty. It is commonly known as "Qijia compound" Zaixi, that is, No. 22, dongquanmen street. It was the mansion of he Yanfang, Jiangxi governor of Ji'an during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (1862 -). It is said that during Zeng Guofan's tenure as governor of Liangjiang, when he came to Yangzhou, he went to his hometown to "linger on poetry and wine, but he stopped after a few days.". He had a son, who was named Yansheng. He was once an envoy to Russia and served as governor of Xinjiang. At that time, Fang Dishan, a famous scholar in Yangzhou, wrote a couplet: "when you travel thousands of miles, you can understand the six kingdoms. No wonder the public wants to make ban Chao settle in the western regions. He Xun is not as good in Yangzhou as he Xun in the desolate Yumen pass and sobbing longtoushui." He's father and son, one moved to Yangzhou, even the mountains; one had a long way to go, guarding the border, which was a good story in the neighborhood. But on this dongquanmen street, one of the most famous relics at home and abroad is the old house of the Jiang family, which has been restored by the local government. There is no doubt that this will add a lot to the outstanding history of dongquanmen street, as well as the development of local cultural connotation and tourism resources.

Architectural features

architectural composition

The houses on dongquanmen Street are traditional buildings with blue brick, black tile and fir structure on both sides, and sometimes with cement structure. They are all famous houses, such as the West House warehouse of he Fufang's family in the Qing Dynasty and the house door of lawyer Zhou Kaiqu's family in the Republic of China. But the gate structure of the house is different because of the owner's identity, class and wealth. Such as the gate hall, gate court and gate building, it is the door structure of the upper and middle class. Most of the houses of ordinary citizens are brick storehouses. When they step into the big threshold, they have already entered the main hall. The so-called "hall house" is a house in the middle of three rooms, which is called "Mingjian" in architecture and "living room" today. Therefore, it has no exclusive gate hall, let alone a gatehouse. The "brick storehouse Facade" here is based on the folk saying "Shikumen" in Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou. The so-called "brick storehouse" is the "door outline" composed of "face bricks" specially used for building door frames. Of course, people often say "facade room", refers to the shop, rather than "Facade". From east to west, there are many shops in this middle and upper class neighborhood.

Three old houses

In an interview yesterday, the reporter learned that Ding's house was originally owned by Zhang Bingyan, the governor of Guangdong Lianzhou during the Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. During the period of the Republic of China, it was obtained by Ding Jingchen. Ding was the manager of Shandong YueKai coal mine and the president of Qingdao chamber of Commerce. This house is juxtaposed by the East, middle and West roads, and the middle road is the most complete. The house covers an area of more than 4000 square meters, and the existing house area is 2294 square meters.

Ma's house was purchased by Ma Shuang, the third son of Ma Shijie, acting governor of Jiangsu Province in the early years of the Republic of China. Hong Lanyou, whose famous work is Mei, is from Jiangdu. He graduated from the Law Research Institute of Fudan University in Shanghai and is the author of general theory of law. The former residence consists of residence and garden. The house has seven entrances in front and back, with exquisite brick carvings on the polished brick gatehouse, large-scale polished brick walls, high and elegant hall, three bright and five dark plane layout. It covers an area of nearly 4400 square meters and has 1428 square meters of old houses. Ding's and Ma's houses, with a total area of more than 3700 square meters, originally occupied 62 households with 207 people.

Wang's small garden is located at No.14 "diguandi" in the east of dongquanmen historic district. The owner's surname is Wang. It is mainly residential, and the garden is complementary, so it is called Wang's small garden. Xiaoyuan covers an area of more than 3000 square meters, with nearly 100 old houses and 1580 square meters of building area. It is one of the most complete salt merchants' houses in Yangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It is characterized by regular house layout, exquisite decoration, exquisite garden and rich cultural heritage. With its unique characteristics and little-known secrets of salt merchants, Wang's garden has attracted many Chinese and foreign tourists for many years. Now it is a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province.

Building by building, magnificent momentum

Yesterday, when the reporter walked into No. 10 and No. 12 of dongquanmen District, he saw that although the buildings here were a little dilapidated, the ancient buildings were lined up from the front to the back and extended into the distance. There were seven houses in front of and behind, which were magnificent and magnificent.

The reporter saw at the scene that the original disorderly shack buildings here had been demolished, leaving a lot of open space. According to experts, Ding residential three horizontal seven vertical, before and after the "string floor" connected. Shuimo brick gate building stands facing south, carved with auspicious patterns such as Qin, Qi, Shu, Hua, Mei, he, Ju, Lu and so on. The house originally had a gate building near the street, which was called the first entrance. The gate building was the second entrance, and then there were five entrances. Starting from the fifth entrance, every entrance has two floors. Its pattern is a courtyard in the middle, surrounded by railings on all sides. On the west wall of the sixth entrance, there is a hexagonal exquisite brick window. Through the brick window, you can see the stone forehead of "Yingxi" in Wang's garden. Ding's residence is juxtaposed by the East, middle and West roads, and the middle road is the most complete. Before and after the seven into, brick gate is very beautiful, the house cypress hall high open Xuan Huo, three sides of the gallery arch Wei. Ma's house has seven entrances, three in the light and five in the dark. After the seventh entrance, there are garden and flower hall, courtyard and rear residence. The total number of front and back entrance is nine, with a total length of more than 170 meters from north to south. Covering an area of 4400 square meters, Mahalanobis house is the largest old house among Wang's, Ding's and Mahalanobis houses. There are 69 rooms, 26 compartments, 6 eaves and 1 Pavilion, with a construction area of 1730 square meters.

Take the method of uncovering tile for overhaul

According to reports, after the relocation of the existing residents of Ding's and Ma's houses, the existing houses will be repaired by means of tile removal and overhaul according to the original style, shape, style and technology.

The renovation follows the principle of "not changing the original state of the cultural relics" and comprehensively preserves the real historical information and value of the heritage buildings. Specifically, it will be divided into two major projects: demolition and large wooden member rectification and renovation. The shacks and structures not belonging to the original building will be demolished. The added and changed walls and decoration inside the building will be demolished. The garbage generated after the demolition will be removed from the site to make preparation for the repair project and make the repair work proceed normally in sequence.

The houses that need to be removed and overhauled should be removed according to the working procedure and the repair procedure. When the bricks are disassembled and transferred to the ground, they shall be stacked in order. Before dismantling, the stringer shall be numbered according to its position, and the record shall be made on the drawing, so that it can be seated according to the number. At the same time, check and remove the decayed and damaged components, and count the number and specifications of complete and damaged components, which can be used as the basis for repairing and preparing materials.

Eight stone carvings

In Ding's house

Chinese PinYin : Dong Quan Men