Dongchang Lake

Dongchang Lake

Dongchang Lake, formerly known as Huancheng lake and Fengcheng lake, is located in Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. With a total area of 4.2 square kilometers, it is slightly smaller than Hangzhou West Lake, which is a rare artificial lake in northern China. This lake is a moat formed in the Song Dynasty when digging earth to build a city. It was formed by digging earth and storing water. After the introduction of the Beijing Hangzhou canal, the Yellow River water supply, forming a stable lake.

Dongchang Lake District is rich in fish and shrimp, which was an important aquatic base in Liaocheng City. In the 1980s, the development construction was carried out and the local famous tourist attractions were formed.

Name evolution

Dongchang Lake, also known as Huancheng lake and Fengcheng lake, is located in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. It was originally a moat formed in 1070 (the third year of the Song Dynasty). The lake has been expanding constantly after generations of city dwellers threshing, walling, building houses and taking soil. In 1973, the lake was renamed as "Huancheng Lake" because it surrounded the old city. In 1982, the development construction was carried out. The Lake Pavilion, fishing base, bamboo village and other scenic spots were built successively, and yachts, cruise ships and other facilities were added. It was renamed "Dongchang Lake" at the end of 1995. The name of "Fengcheng Lake" should be related to the nickname of "Fengcheng" in Dongchangfu District (Liaocheng ancient city).

Location context

Lake District

Dongchang Lake is bounded by Liuyuan Road, Hunan Road, Huxi road and Dongchang Road in the East, South, West and north of Liaocheng City, with a total area of about 6 square kilometers (this is the news of 2014). The total area of Liaocheng district annals in 1980s and Liaocheng City annals in 1990s is 4.2 square kilometers, which is slightly smaller than the West Lake in Hangzhou and five times of the Daming Lake in Jinan. It is a rare artificial lake in northern China.

Dongchang Lake is divided into four parts: Southeast lake, southwest lake, northeast lake and Northwest Lake.

Later, due to urban construction, it was divided into eight lakes of different sizes by urban roads. In 2014, the planning department of Liaocheng city named the eight sub lakes, collectively referred to as Dongchang Lake, in combination with Liaocheng's history and culture, literary allusions and natural features of the lake area. Eight of the lakes are: dingjiakeng, located in the east of the ancient city, south of Dongguan Street. According to records, the former residence of Ding Zhifang, a famous historical figure in Liaocheng, is located in the north of the area. During the Ming Dynasty, after emperor Jianwen was overthrown by Zhu Di, Ding Zhifang insisted that "one minister should not protect two masters" and was killed. Zhu Di felt that his loyalty granted him a big pit, named dingjiakeng; Yanwu lake, located in the southeast of the ancient city, got its name from the Yanwu hall site in the area; Mingzhu lake, located in the southwest of the ancient city, is the most famous place in the lake area A large piece of water, shining like a pearl in the sunlight, is named Mingzhu lake, which means bright and pure; Wangyue lake, located in the west of the ancient city, means looking up at Guangyue and taidai; Hexiang lake, located in the south of Dongchang Road and the east of Hubin Road. The lake is named Hexiang lake because it is full of lotus. Qin Lake is located in the southeast of fenghuangtai and the north of Jingming road. Jingming lake is located in the northeast of the ancient city. It is surrounded by urban buildings with few waves. The lake is like a mirror, so it is named Jingming lake. Lingdang lake is located in the east of the ancient city and north of Dongguan Street. The lake area is divided into several lakes of different shapes and sizes by islands. From a high altitude, it looks like a string of bells inlaid on the Bank of the ancient Yunhe River, so it is named "lingdang Lake".

islands

There are eight islands in Dongchang Lake area, which are celebrity Island, Huxin Island, Baihua Island, Yueliang Island, Nanguan Island (the five islands are traditional names), Huludao (located in lingdang Lake scenic area, there are many gourd sculptures on the island, named Huludao, which not only reflects its own characteristics, but also expresses the meaning of blessing), Zhuangyuan Island (located in lingdang Lake scenic area, there is an ancient building on the island) Zhuangyuan memorial archway and Zhuangyuan corridor are antique in color. Around the Zhuangyuan corridor are the deeds of more than ten Zhuangyuan who went out from Liaocheng in the past dynasties. They are named Zhuangyuan Island, which means that the style of advocating literature in Liaocheng continues and Yunze wetland is the only wetland landscape in Yanwu Lake area. Abundant aquatic plants are interspersed in flakes. From the sky, it looks like clouds inlaid in them, so it is called Yunze wetland. Ancient yunmengze includes Yunze and Mengze. Mengze is in the south of the Yangtze River and Yunze is in the north of the Yangtze River, which is more suitable for the endowment of Jiangbei water city.

evening paper

hydrographic features

Dongchang Lake has a total area of more than 5700 mu, water surface of about 4000 mu, water capacity of about 3.59 million cubic meters, and average water depth of 1.3 meters. The 820 Mu water area south of Liaoguan highway was deepened to 2 meters after reconstruction in 1977. The lake bottom elevation is 29 meters, which is 3 meters lower than the surrounding land. The lake water is not exhausted all the year round. It is convenient for diverting the Yellow River to supplement the source, pollution-free, and the water quality is good. It is an eutrophic lake.

Lake formation

Dongchang Lake is named Huancheng lake because its surface surrounds the old city of Liaocheng. Its prototype was formed in 1070 (the third year of Xining of Song Dynasty), when it was a moat. After four times of expansion in 1076 (the ninth year of Xining of Song Dynasty), 1372 (the fifth year of Hongwu of Ming Dynasty), 1525 (the fourth year of Jiajing) and 1579 (the seventh year of Wanli), it began to take shape in the late Ming Dynasty. In 1731 (the ninth year of Yongzheng reign), the depression between the moat and the embankment was widened and deepened again because of the reconstruction of the embankment. Since then, the surrounding people often used the land for other purposes. On the eve of liberation, a wide moat had been formed around the old city. In 1953, it was inundated by flood and formed swampy waters. In 1963, 1964 and 1977, large-scale dredging was carried out three times. The water surface was expanded to 4.2 square kilometers and the water depth was 2-3 meters. It became a rare artificial lake in northern cities.

Water system composition

Dongchang Lake belongs to the Haihe River system, which is connected with the Beijing Hangzhou canal and Tuhai River through the ancient canal (also known as the small canal) flowing through the urban area to realize the replenishment and drainage of lake water.

The small canal (ancient canal) is the East Branch of the Beijing Hangzhou canal in Liaocheng City. From 1283 to 1292 (from the 20th to 29th year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty), the canal, the Jizhou River and the Huitong River were dredged in the Sui and Tang Dynasties to form the Beijing Hangzhou canal connecting the Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River. In 1855 (the fifth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty), the Yellow river changed its course in the north and destroyed the canal embankment of Zhangqiu Town, which blocked a section of the river and stopped water transport. The river enters from Zhangqiu Town, Yanggu County, passes through Liaocheng and Chiping to Linqing and enters the Wei canal. It is a river for irrigation and drainage from the Yellow River. The length of the section in Liaozhi city is 97.5 km, only the section from zhangqiuzha to the confluence with Zhaowang River is used, with a flow length of 39.26 km and a drainage area of 285 square km.

The river crosses the middle of Liaocheng City. Liaocheng City through a section of the canal, South Longwan, north to the North dam, a total length of 5 km. In the east of Dongguan Street, there is a gate called Tongji gate, which is called "gate" by the local people. It is the throat of Liaocheng where the water of the canal flows through. With the development of Liaocheng's economic construction and opening to the outside world, the ancient canal has been opened up as a scenic tourist area. Since 2000, the municipal government has invested in the reconstruction and beautification of the urban section of the ancient canal, widening and desilting the river bed, cutting through stones on the river bank, and greening and beautification. It has been connected with Dongchang Lake. The water depth is 2-3 meters all the year round, and the river is clear. People can not only enjoy Liaocheng's unique scenery of "Lake in the city, city in the lake, City Lake interweaving, Lake River connecting", but also go ashore to enjoy Guangyue tower, iron tower, Shanshan guild hall and other splendid places of interest.

Lake area management

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a sluice was built near the Grand Canal wharf and the iron tower to regulate the water source of the moat. In 1902 (the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the upper reaches of the canal were silted up, which cut off the water source of the moat. In 1935 (24 years of the Republic of China), the canal was dredged and the water source of the moat was slightly replenished. The people's government carried out comprehensive management of the moat. In 1963, the dike was broken in the north of the city, the culvert was built, the road and ditch were excavated, and the sewage was discharged into Zhougong river. In the spring of 1964, more than 300000 cubic meters of silt was cleared, and the northeast part of the moat was deepened and widened. From then on, it was renamed Huancheng lake. After diverting water from the Yellow River for irrigation, the canal was further dredged, and a new intake sluice was built in Longwan to divert water from the Yellow River to the lake around the city, so that the lake around the city has sufficient water supply. In 1977, a further investment of 540000 yuan was made to remove 548000 cubic meters of silt and carry out deep excavation and reconstruction of 800 mu of water surface in Northwest China. After harnessing, the lake around the city covers an area of 4.2 square kilometers with a water depth of 2-3 meters, which is slightly smaller than the West Lake in Hangzhou and five times as large as the Daming Lake in Jinan. It has become a rare artificial lake in northern cities of China.

Fishery production

There are mussels, shrimps, crabs and snails in the lake.

According to the natural food index, the fish yield can reach 100 kg per mu.

Since 1955, artificial incubation of carp has been carried out in Huancheng lake. In 1977, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and fish mat fry were cultured in natural bait net boxes in the northwest corner of Huancheng lake, and good results were obtained. In 1956, fry were introduced from the Yangtze River Basin and put into the Huancheng lake. By 1975, the fish species released into the lake were mainly small-sized fish species provided by the county fish farm, including grass carp, silver carp, silver carp and carp. In 1976, in addition to ships and machinery, Purse Seine was used to catch fish around the lake, which was popularized year by year.

In 1956, Liaocheng City bought fry from the Yangtze River Basin and put them into the Huancheng lake, where artificial fish culture began. one thousand nine hundred and seventy-four

Chinese PinYin : Dong Chang Hu