Anqiu gudui site

Anqiu Dui site

synonym

Anqiu gudui site generally refers to Anqiu Dui site

Anqiudui site is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located 12 kilometers southeast of Heze City and about 100 meters southeast of Caolou village, tenant village. The existing mound is 3 meters high, 500 meters long and 500 meters wide. Its four walls are relatively straight, and its cross section is exposed with cultural layer. After investigation and excavation, the site is more than 4 meters thick, about 4500 years ago. In this site, the cultural layers of Longshan culture, Yueshi culture, early Shang culture and late Shang culture are found.

The Anqiu mound site is basically the same as the Longshan culture found in xinzhongji of Caoxian County in recent years. It is close to the Longshan Culture in Shangqiu area and zaolutai area of Eastern Henan, and should belong to the Longshan culture system of Henan.

Historical evolution

The Longshan culture, Yueshi culture, early Shang culture and late Shang culture are found in the Anqiu Dui site. Among them, the houses of Longshan culture are densely distributed, which is a typical material for the study of Longshan cultural settlements. Especially, the phenomenon of human sacrifice similar to that of later generations has been found under the gateways, which provides an extremely important clue for further understanding of the social outlook at that time.

Important basis

It is basically the same as the Longshan culture found in xinzhongji, Caoxian County, and is close to the Longshan Culture in Shangqiu and zaolutai, which should belong to the Longshan culture system in Henan Province.

The Yueshi culture found here fills the gap in the distribution of Yueshi culture in Southwest Shandong and the gap between Longshan culture and Shang culture. The remains of Shang culture discovered from the early Shang Dynasty to the late Shang Dynasty are almost uninterrupted, which provides an important basis for the study of the development of merchants in the East.

Yueshi culture sites have been found in the east of Beijing Shanghai railway in Shandong Province, but in the west of Beijing Shanghai railway, only anqiudui site in Heze is related to Yueshi culture. The excavation of this mound extends the distribution of Yueshi culture to the southwest edge of Shandong Province. The distribution of Yueshi culture in Shandong is from east to west. Therefore, the Yueshi culture here is named "Anqiu type".

Research clues

The Shang culture layer of Anqiu yutui site was continuously accumulated from the early Shang Dynasty to the late Shang Dynasty, which is rare in other Shang culture sites in the country. This proves that the academic circles' classification of Shang culture is reliable, and provides a very important clue and basis for further study of Shang culture and understanding of the social outlook at that time.

Historical records

In the historical records, the earliest written record about dragon was in ancient Leize and ancient Heze under the jurisdiction of Heze City, Shandong Province. In ancient times, there were leijin, Dayeze, mengzhuze, Heze and Jishui, pushui, JuShui, SHUSHUI, Danshui and Heshui in Heze City. This "four rivers and six rivers" has become the best habitat for Northern giant alligators.

Zuo Zhuan records that Dong Fu raised dragons for Emperor Shun in the period of Yao and shun. He said, "father Dong is really good at dragons. If he can ask his elders for food, most dragons will go back to him. It is disturbing the animal dragon to serve Emperor Shun. The surname given by the emperor is Dong, and the surname is Huanlong. He was granted the title of Zhuchuan, and the name of Zhuyi was later. So Emperor Shun had animal dragons. And xiakongjia, disturbing the emperor. The Emperor gave two Chenglong to each of the Han and he dynasties, both male and female. Kong Jia could not be eaten, but he didn't get the Huanlong family. There was Tao Tang's decline, followed by Liu Lei, who learned to harass the dragon in Huanlong's family, so that he could eat and drink. After the Xia Dynasty, Jiazhi was granted the name of Yulong, the empress of Zhuwei. A female dragon died and dived to eat after summer. After the summer, you can enjoy it and then ask for it. He moved to Lu County in fear, and the fan family followed him. "

Jichuan, on the Bank of Heze in the northeast of Dingtao County, is also known as disturbing the dragon, which means training and raising crocodiles. The above is to say that a man named Dong Fu is very good at raising and training crocodiles. Emperor Shun established Tao, the son of the state, so he gave Dong's father the surname of Dong and granted him the name of Huanlong. He ordered him to raise crocodiles for the tribe in Yichuan on the Bank of Heze until the whole reign of Shun.

Folklore

Therefore, after the Tang Dynasty, Heze was called Longchi. It is not only in Dingtao, but also in Puzhou annals that there is huanlongjing in juancheng. It seems that Shun also raised a large number of crocodiles. On the one hand, the dragon is carnivorous, but it is mainly used for sacrificial ceremony. He Yi in Shang and Zhou Dynasties was the descendant of Dong Fu. By the time of Kong Jia, the twelfth king of the Xia Dynasty, a descendant of Emperor Yao, named Liu Lei, had learned how to cultivate crocodiles, especially for Kong Jia, and was granted a Royal Dragon. Later, due to poor training and maintenance, long duo died, and Liu Lei died in another country, even surnamed fan.

The records in Zuo Zhuan make us know that in the late Neolithic period of Yao, Shun and Yu, there were indeed professionals who raised and trained dragons. They have the knowledge, experience and skills of training crocodiles, and know the living habits and eating habits of crocodiles. They can make the Dragon tame and control. They serve for tribal chiefs, mainly for sacrifice and prestige. Mr. Qi Qingfu, a modern man, has proved that feeding a dragon means raising an alligator, which is a very correct conclusion. The last record of crocodile production in Zhuze river system of Heze is that "in the third year of Yanguang period, two dragons met Puyang" and "the Dragon met Gouyang" in the book of the later Han Dynasty. Guyang County in Han Dynasty is located in Chuzhuang area in the northeast of Xiaoliu Town, Mudan District, Heze City. The county area has jurisdiction over the southwest of Leize in the Northeast: the upper reaches of pushui and Gushui are connected to Puyang. It shows that there were crocodiles in Leize river system in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Unearthed relics

After two trial excavations in 1969 and 1976 and the formal excavation in 1984, the Anqiu Dui site discovered the cultural layers of late Shang culture, early Shang culture, Yueshi culture and Longshan culture.

The important remains are houses, with 12 round and rectangular foundations, 4 ash pits, 3 ash ditches and 1 pottery kiln. Cultural relics such as ash pits, ash ditches, pottery kilns, tombs and houses with rectangular, circular and rectangular rounded corners were found;

A large number of cultural relics have been unearthed, including rough stone tools, exquisitely ground stone axes, mussel sickles and knives with obvious traces of use, sharp bone needles, bone cones and bone arrowheads, and pottery pots, bowls, jars, oysters, urns and utensils with standardized shapes.

Address: Anqiu gudui, Southeast of Caolou village, shandongtun Township, Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong Province

Longitude: 115.41827761111

Latitude: 35.252354295693

Chinese PinYin : An Qiu Gu Dui Yi Zhi