Qilishantang

Qilishantang, a famous historical and cultural street in China, is located in the northwest of the ancient city of Suzhou. It is connected with changmen in the East, which is the first and second-class place of wealth in the world of mortals, and Huqiu in the west, which is the first scenic spot in Wuzhong. The total length is about 3600 meters. It was built by Bai Juyi, a great poet of Tang Dynasty, when he was appointed governor of Suzhou in 825. Due to its unique geographical location and superior land and water transportation conditions, Shantang street was once one of the most developed commercial and cultural blocks in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, known as "the first ancient street in China". The restored Shantang street is the essence of the natural and cultural landscape of the ancient city of Suzhou, which can be called "the epitome of old Suzhou and the window of Wu Culture". The streets are parallel in water and land, and the river street is adjacent to each other. The buildings are exquisite, elegant, and sparse. There are many shops on the street, and the guild halls gather together. It reproduces the prosperity of Shantang street. There is a folk song: "heaven on earth, Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth. There are West Lakes in Hangzhou and hills and ponds in Suzhou. Two good places, unlimited scenery. " This is a vivid portrayal of Shantang street.

Shantang Street

synonym

Qilishantang generally refers to Shantang street

Shantang street is located in the northwest of the ancient city of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. It extends to changmen, the "first and second class place of wealth and romance" in the red world in the East, and Huqiu, the "first scenic spot in Wuzhong" in the West. The total length of Shantang street is about 3600 meters, about 7 Li, so it is called "qilishantang Huqiu".

In the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi was appointed as the governor of Suzhou. He dredged the Northwest River outside Suzhou City and excavated it into Shantang river. The ancient street built along the river is called Shantang street, and all the streets are ancient buildings. Most of the ancient buildings were built in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, which were composed of several falling buildings and several entering buildings.

In 2010, Shantang street was rated as "model unit of Chinese cultural heritage protection" and "famous street of Chinese history and culture"; in 2015, Shantang street was rated as one of the first batch of "Chinese historical and cultural blocks" by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development and the Bureau of cultural relics.

Historical evolution

Shantang street is named after Shantang river. In the first year of Tang Baoli (825), the poet Bai Juyi was appointed as the governor of Suzhou city. He dredged the Northwest River outside Suzhou City and used natural river banks to excavate straight river (from changmenwai moat to the foot of Huqiu mountain), which was called Shantang river for boating. At that time, Huqiu was called Wuqiu, and there was Wuqiu temple on the mountain, so it was called Wuqiu Temple Road in the poet's works, and later called Baigong dike. The dike was seven Li long, also known as Qili mountain pond. Because it is between changmen downtown and Huqiu, it has gradually become a prosperous Tourist Commercial Street.

In the 1950s, Shantang street was changed into Tanshi road.

In 1956, Shantang Street (from duseng bridge to Shantang bridge) was widened to asphalt pavement.

In 1981, Shantang Street (from Shantang bridge to baimuqiao) was paved with granite strips.

In 1985, Shantang Street (Puji bridge to xishanmiao bridge) was built with stone revetment and paved with small square stone pavement.

In 1992, Shantang Street (210 meters to the west of Huqiu) was transformed into a Ming and Qing style commercial street.

From 1996 to 1997, Shantang Street (the section from baimuqiao to Puji bridge) was reconstructed into hexagonal slab pavement. At present, the main road is paved with strip stone slabs, and the total number of house numbers is 948.

On June 18, 2002, the protective restoration of Shantang street was started.

In July 2018, the landscape renovation project of Shantang Street (from Xinmin bridge to Caiyun bridge) was officially launched.

In January 2019, the landscape renovation project of Shantang Street (from Xinmin bridge to Caiyun bridge) was completed and passed the acceptance.

Architectural pattern

Shantang street is located in the northwest of changmenwai, the ancient city of Suzhou. It starts from Changxu road in the East, Shoudu Seng bridge in the north and xishanmiao bridge in the southwest of Huqiu in the West. Shantang street is 3600 meters long, about 7 Li Long and 2-6.8 meters wide. Shantang street can be divided into two sections: the east section starts from changmendu Seng bridge to Bantang bridge, and the west section starts from Bantang bridge to Huqiu mountain.

There are many rivers and bridges on Shantang street, which fully reflects the characteristics of Suzhou, a water city. Its river meandering parallel, stretching to Tiger Hill, as long as seven Li. Most of the dwellings in the east section of Shantang River are built near the water, and the waterside pavilion and Water Pavilion are supported by wooden piles. In the west part of the river, the water surface is broad and sparse, and flowers and trees are planted on both sides. The ancient bridge across the water surface is either flat or arch, or single hole or three holes.

Most of the ancient buildings on both sides of Shantang Street are built in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, which are composed of several falling buildings and several entering buildings. The types of single facade are: Shikumen, grating gate, Zhetang gate, Aita gate, quesuyan gate, etc. There are three or five entrances to the entrance of the building, such as entrance hall, sedan hall, flower hall and building hall. Some houses have seven entrances, and the front and back alleys are connected. In the vertical line, almost all the buildings in the Ming Dynasty were built in the same way. But in the Qing Dynasty, with the improvement of economic strength, people began to advocate luxury, so there were three roads and five roads. Beinong is set up between the crisscross roads, often separated by Beinong. It is not only the front and back passageway of the building, but also the fire fighting function between the roads.

History and culture

Since ancient times, Shantang has always been a favorite place for emperors and scholars. No matter Qianlong or Kangxi, or Bohu Qiuxiang, they used to linger on both sides of Shantang river.

The tombstone of five persons mentioned in the middle school Chinese textbook, the classic passage "Tongqiao Dezi" in the famous Tanci "Jade Dragonfly", I.M. Pei and his ancestral temple, the first revolutionary cultural group "Nanshe" in modern Chinese history, and Chen Yuanyuan and Dong Xiaowan in yefangbang are all related to the mountain pond.

"Wumen biaoyin" says: "Pingjiang road has ten ancient springs, ten ancient wells, one in the south of Huayang bridge, one in the south of Xijia bridge, one in the north of Yuanqiao", which proves that Shantang street is a residential area.

In the first chapter of a dream of Red Mansions, Cao Xueqin called changmen and Shantang "the most prosperous and romantic places in the world of mortals".

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Xu Yang created a long scroll of "flourishing age breeding map" (also known as "prosperous Suzhou scroll"), which depicts a village, a town, a city, and a street in Suzhou at that time. One of the street paintings is Shantang street, showing the scene of "living goods, flowing clouds, flowing water, four signs, as bright as clouds and brocade".

The folk song says, "heaven above, Suzhou and Hangzhou below. There are West Lakes in Hangzhou and hills and ponds in Suzhou. Two good places, unlimited scenery. "

Main attractions

Ancient stone bridge

In Shantang District, there are seven ancient stone bridges across Shantang River: Shantang bridge, Tonggui bridge (also known as Ruiyun bridge), star bridge, Caiyun bridge (also known as Bantang bridge), Puji bridge, Wangshan bridge (once known as Bianshan bridge) and xishanmiao bridge. There are eight ancient bridges on the levee: Baimu bridge, maojia bridge, Tong Bridge (Zeng Mingdong bridge, Sheng'an bridge), Baigong bridge, Qingshan bridge, Lushui bridge, zuoziao bridge and WanDian bridge. On the other side, there are eight vertical bridges, including Tongshan bridge (xiaopuji bridge), Yinshan bridge, etc. Shantang bridge, Caiyun bridge, Bianshan bridge and Dongqiao bridge were built before Song Dynasty. Beside Tonggui bridge is the mansion of Wu Yipeng, the Minister of the Ministry of officials in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty. Xingqiao was once the most prosperous place for business. The north and south of Xishan temple bridge are flower temple and Xishan Temple respectively. The bridge is the intersection of Shantang River, dongshanbang and yefangbang. It is the place where the boats gathered in those days.

Ancient stage

The ancient stage of Shantang street is located in the west of Tonggui bridge. It is an ancient stage that was "relocated and built in different places". The stage was originally located in wai'an Qiwang Temple (an temple), No. 68, Donghui road. In 2003, the ancient stage in the temple was moved to Shantang street and was listed as the ancient stage of "Suzhou control and protection building", covering an area of 310 square meters and a construction area of 362 square meters. Sitting on the stage facing south from north, the top of Daiwa is decorated with cornices. The granite slab open space paved in front of the stage is a place for tourists to watch the opera. On both sides of the Xiang Lou, opened for bookstores, old photo collection and other cultural venues. The stage is square with two floors. Half wall is built at the bottom layer, and wooden glass windows are set on the wall. Four square stone pillars support the stage above. The stage is shaped like a suspended mountain, with a "dragon kiss ridge" shaped. On the raised "eaves", squatting beasts are arranged. Under the eaves on both sides, each hung a string of red lanterns, with the word "Shantang". From top to bottom, the wooden columns on both sides of the East and the West are inlaid with Dougong, buttress and hanging. The lotus pillars are scattered among them. Every weekend and holiday, all kinds of artistic programs are performed on the stage.

On Shantang street, there is a "control and protection building" built in the late Qing Dynasty. It is the house of Xu Danhe, a famous doctor of traditional Chinese medicine surgery, commonly known as "Xu house". In 2002, the dilapidated Xu house was restored. Luo Zhewen, an expert in ancient architecture, is entitled "Shantang carved building". The fifth entrance of the carved building is opposite to Zoumalou in the north and south. The stage is built near the pool and is a water stage stretching out of the water. The stage is 6 meters square, up to 10.67 meters high, and the wing rooms on both sides are 5.6 meters wide. Its shape is divided into upper and lower layers, rolling shed Xie hilltop, cornice angle. On the water side and East and west sides, low fences shall be set. In the middle of the stage, there is a horizontal plaque with black characters on a gold background and the title of "universal celebration". The two pillars are engraved with a couplet: "the sun, the moon and the stars shine on the heaven and the earth; the sun, the moon and the stars shine on the earth; the sun, the moon and the stars shine on the earth; the sun, the moon and the stars shine on the earth; the sun and the moon shine on the earth. Couplet means acting as a person, rich in philosophy of life.

museum

Suzhou chamber of Commerce museum was opened in 2005, when Suzhou chamber of Commerce was founded. It was the second chamber of Commerce Museum in China at that time. The museum passed the submission

Chinese PinYin : Qi Li Shan Tang