Angxi site

Angangxi site is an important relic of Neolithic age, which has a very far-reaching historical value. There are about 3000 pieces of cultural relics excavated and collected at the site, mainly including stone tools, bone ware, pottery and exquisite jade, with a wide variety and complex shapes.

There is a cultural exhibition hall beside the site, where you can have a comprehensive understanding of the interesting culture of that remote era.

Angxi site

Angangxi site is located 25 kilometers southwest of Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, on the Shagang in the swamp area where Songhua River and Nenjiang River converge. It belongs to the Neolithic Age of China, with fishing and hunting as the main economic type

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Angxi site consists of 22 sites and 17 relic sites, a total of 39 sites

. A large number of microliths made of Jasper, chalcedony and agate, abundant bone artifacts, a small number of beaten or ground stone tools and low-temperature tawny pottery pieces were found in the Angangxi site. The main production tools are all kinds of arrowheads, throwing guns, fish darts and harpoons, and the remains of fish, frogs, deer and rabbits are unearthed. The tombs were buried with pottery pots and fish bone darts

. Angangxi site is a Neolithic cultural site excavated earlier in northern China, which has important archaeological, historical and scientific research value

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On January 13, 1988, the Angangxi site was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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Historical evolution

The Angangxi site is a Pleistocene fluvial lacustrine deposit of yellow fine sand and gray green silt, which was in the Neolithic Age (about 11800 years ago)

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At the end of 1920s, the angxi site was discovered

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In 1928, Chinese archaeologists excavated the Angangxi site

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In 1930, Liang Siyong, a Chinese archaeologist, excavated the Angangxi site for the first time. He cleaned up a tomb and unearthed hundreds of stone, pottery, bone and other cultural relics

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In 1938, Chinese archaeologists excavated the Angangxi site

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In 2010, archaeologists from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology of the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of culture and the cultural relics administration department of Qiqihar city formed a joint archaeological team to conduct a rescue excavation of the Angangxi site, covering an area of 220 square meters. Nine ancient tombs and more than 100 cultural relics were excavated

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Site features

Site distribution

Angangxi site is located in the western edge of Songnen Plain, adjacent to Daxinganling in the west, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. On both sides of the middle reaches of Nenjiang River, there are about 2-8km wide low floodplains, which are only 0.2-1.5m higher than the river surface. The low floodplain gradually transits to the high floodplain, which is 3-5M higher than the river surface. There are many undulating sand dunes on the floodplain, which are distributed in a strip shape. Their arrangement direction is generally perpendicular to the local prevailing wind direction, and generally extends in the direction of North southeast West or North South. On the high floodplain, there are fixed sand dunes, which are in the shape of gentle hills or round hills. The large ones are hundreds to kilometers long, and the relative height is about 10-15m. Among the dunes, some depressions and lakes are formed due to the wind. The high floodplain is not easy to be attacked by flood, and the fixed sand dunes near lakes and marshes are more suitable for human habitation. Fixed sand dunes and ridges, scattered with a large number of stone tools and pottery

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Site topography

Angangxi site has two kinds of topography: isolated dunes and undulate ridges.

Isolated sand dunes, the dunes are not connected, the relative height of several meters to more than ten meters, surrounded by lakes and marshes. The four sand dunes of elasu (a), (b), (c), Moguqi (a), (c), huotuoqi (a), hongqiying (a), angangangxi (a), (b), (c) and Wufu all belong to this type. Elasu (a) site is located on a sand dune 15 km south of the station. The dunes are long oval, about 1000 meters long from east to west, high and steep in the northwest, about 10 meters higher than the surrounding lakes. The relics on the mound are unevenly distributed, rich in the north of the middle section, and few in the East and south. The top layer is about 15-25 cm thick black sandy soil, and the bottom layer is yellow sandy soil. The former is the cultural layer, part of which has been cultivated. Scattered pieces of human bone pottery were found in the large sand pit in the north of Wufu No.1 sand dune investigated by Mr. Jia Siyong. Huotuoqi (a) is 0.5 km west of Tunxi. This hill is about 1000 meters long from north to south, high and steep in the west, and the lake and marsh under the slope will not dry up for a long time. There is a large ditch at the western end of the hill. There are many relics in the ditch, such as stone tablets, feet, pottery "support", red pottery pieces, fish bones, animal bones, etc.

Wavy ridge is a kind of rolling sand dune. The relics are distributed on the slope close to the lake or on the top of the ridge. HONGQIYINGZI (a), paddy field (a) and (b) are located in the west of the same ridge. Paddy field (a) is in the north and HONGQIYINGZI (a) is in the south, with a distance of about 5 km. Yushutun is about 5 kilometers long from the north to the south of the ridge, and there is a big lake marsh in the west of the ridge. The three sites of Daala Street are located on a 6-kilometer-long dalonggang in the north and south, and the west side of the ridge is Dahu marsh

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Note: (a), (b) and (c) are archaeological numbers of Angangxi site.

Its own characteristics

Angangxi site has its own characteristics: the main raw materials of stone tools are chalcedony, agate, flint and gravel, occasionally magmatic rock and quartz sandstone; the stone tools are made by hammering method, and some by smashing method, with small stones, in which the stone leaves account for a large proportion; the main types of stone tools are choppers, scrapers and carvers. From the shape and processing, it can be seen that the tools are highly specialized, and the shape of stone products is small, close to the typical microlithic

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Cultural relics

stone artifact

A total of 1335 pieces of stone tools (including flakes and stone cores) were unearthed from the angxi site. According to the manufacturing methods, it can be divided into three types: pressed stone tools, beating stone tools (only referring to the stone tools made by direct striking method) and grinding stone tools. There are 671 pressed stone tools, which are the most important tools for Neolithic production in this area. It is made of Jasper, chalcedony, agate and opal. The proportion of various stone materials used to suppress stone tools in different sites is different, especially the difference between elasu (a) (mainly pith) and Moguqi (a) (mainly Jasper). There are 603 pieces of stone chips (including those made by indirect and direct striking) and 42 stone cores. It is classified and described according to the use. There are 150 stone arrowheads, 112 of which can distinguish the shape. Most of them are processed on both sides. It can be divided into four types: flat bottom, round bottom, concave bottom and collar

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Pottery

A total of 6 pieces of pottery and 80 pieces of pottery were unearthed from the angxi site. According to the pottery, it can be divided into four types: gray brown clay pottery, yellow brown clay pottery and. Lime clay pottery.

There are 36 pieces of grey brown argillaceous pottery. The clay contains fine sand and a few contain clam shell powder. Most of them are plain, with irregular triangle pattern, additional pile pattern, scratch pattern and nail pattern. In the fragments of the mouth edge, some of them are round lips protruding outwards, some of them are slightly extravagant, and some of them are decorated with stacked patterns. It has a flat bottom. Most of them belong to pots and jars.

There are 32 pieces of yellow brown clay pottery, and the pottery quality is the same as above. Some of them are poor in fire, with "disheartened"; others are light in color, fine in quality and high in fire. The patterns are irregular triangle pattern, additional pile pattern, nail pattern, prick pattern and so on. There are many kinds of utensils, such as basin and bowl, which have straight mouth and round lips, some are decorated with nail patterns, and some are slightly astringent.

There are 6 pieces of stucco pottery, and the clay contains fine sand. The lip of one piece protrudes, one piece has a straight mouth, the lower part is decorated with a pile of lines, and there are jujube shaped pits on the abdomen. One is flat bottom. These are cans.

In addition, six pieces of ceramic tools and ornaments were also found. The beads were tubular and penetrated through round holes. 1 cm in diameter, 0. 2 cm in diameter, 2 small round hole pottery cakes. The diameter is 2.1-23, the thickness is 08, and the aperture is 05cm. Two bullets. One is smooth and regular with a diameter of 1.7 cm. The pottery is square. The muddy tawny pottery is hard and has cross shaped grooves on both sides. It is the casting model of metal ware. It is 1.1cm long and 0.5cm thick

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other

One bone bead was unearthed from the angxi site. Grinding. Tubular, straight round hole. The residual length is 12 cm and the aperture is 0.25 cm. Two pieces of jade, all of them are broken and ground. The shape of one piece is the same as that of the stone, but only the blade remains, with a width of 36 cm. One is a jade ornament, part of which is nearly rectangular. There are two holes drilled on both sides of the remnant, one of which is not penetrated. The length is 24 cm, the residual width is 1.7 cm, and the outer diameter of the hole is 0.25-0.4 cm

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Research value

A large number of fish bones, clam shells and animal bones have been unearthed from the archaeological excavation of Angangxi site, which further proves that people used fishing and hunting as a means of survival at that time. The excavated tombs provide material materials for studying the layout, style and custom of tombs thousands of years ago

. Angangxi site is a Neolithic cultural site excavated earlier in northern China, which has important archaeological, historical and scientific research value. In particular, the rich cultural connotation of the Angangxi site is of great significance to the study of the "prehistoric history" of Qiqihar, the relationship between the grassland culture in northern China and the Central Plains culture, and the early human activities in Northeast Asia

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protective measures

On January 13, 1988, the Angangxi site was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

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In 2002, the Museum of Angangxi ruins was built, covering an area of 11000 square meters

Chinese PinYin : Ang Ang Xi Yi Zhi