Mumatan

Mumatan is located 56 kilometers southeast of Tianshui City, Gansu Province, at yanziguan pass in Dangchuan. It is named after the legend that yingfeizi, the ancestor of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, herded horses for the Zhou royal family here. It is the only way to the back mountain of Shimen scenic spot.

It is said that in the 13th year of emperor Xiaowang of Zhou Dynasty, Feizi made great contributions in herding horses here, and was granted the title of vassal, allowing him to build a city in the land of Qin. The state of Qin is the official name of non sub tribe, which is known as win Qin. The establishment of Qin's capital became the starting point of Qin's founding. Among the Han tombs unearthed in mumatan in 1985 are Qin Bamboo Slips and silk maps.

Fangmatan

synonym

Mumatan generally refers to Fangmatan

Also known as mumatan, it is a part of Maiji Mountain scenic spot in Tianshui, Gansu Province. It is said that Ying Feizi, the ancestor of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, herded horses for the Zhou royal family here. It's green and beautiful. In the last century, a large number of important cultural relics, such as wooden maps, bamboo slips and paper maps, were unearthed from the Warring States period, Qin and Han Dynasties. They were praised as the holy land of pre Qin archaeological culture by the archaeologists at that time, and were known as "Tianshui Fangmatan, Yunmeng sleeping tiger land".

geographical position

Also known as mumatan, it is located in Xiaolongshan forest area, Dangchuan Township, Maiji District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province. It is an open area in the middle of Qinling Mountains. It is a part of Shimen scenic area of Maiji Mountain scenic spot in Tianshui City, Gansu Province. It is only 20 kilometers away from the famous Maiji Mountain Grottoes, 40 kilometers away from Beidao District, Tianshui City, and only 40 kilometers away from the junction of Baoji and Huangxian counties in Shaanxi Province to the East. Yanguan town in Lixian County, not far from the west, is the earliest capital of Qin people, xigouqiu.

Natural features

Fangmatan scenic spot is one of the main scenic spots in Maiji National Forest Park. With eighteen Luohan peak, Xianren cliff, Jiaolong temple and Pure Land Temple, it forms a new range rover in Longshang. The climate here is mild and humid, with many peaks, dense forests, birds singing and flowers fragrant, streams murmuring and reeds overgrown. The forest coverage rate is 93.2%. The scenic area is more than ten miles away, known as "nine beaches and eighteen bays". There are Yaowang cave and Qinu cave in the ten mile long canyon There are more than 20 natural scenic spots, such as Mt.

Important cultural relics

Board map

The seven wooden maps of Fangmatan, drawn from tomb No. 1 of Qin Dynasty, are the earliest known maps in China and the world. It has been immersed in water for more than 2000 years, and is still intact, with clear lines and veins. According to its use, it can be divided into administrative district map, topographic map and forest resource map. On these maps, there are not only mountains, rivers, settlements and cities, but also the distance between different places, which is consistent with the current distance. It can be seen that these maps are quite accurate measured maps. The most amazing thing is that in the fifth image with little effective information, there is a method of drawing peaks with closed curves, which is very similar to the contour lines of later generations.

Qin Bamboo Slips of Warring States Period

460 bamboo slips were unearthed from No. 1 Tomb of Qin Dynasty in Fangmatan. Most of them are well preserved and the handwriting is clear. Because of the long-term immersion in the water in the tomb, bamboo is soft and easy to break. On the bamboo slips, there were three braided ropes in the upper, middle and lower parts, with the upper and lower ends of each rope vacated by one centimeter. Most of the slips have dark blue cloth on both sides of the head of heaven and earth. It is speculated that they were wrapped with cloth to show the binding. On the right side of each slip there is a small triangular notch, on which there is a rotten mark on the braided rope. It should be made of silk. The bamboo slips are all written in ancient Li style on the yellow side of the bamboo strips, with 43 characters for each one, generally between 25 and 40 characters. The strokes of the characters are mainly round and curved, and more of them are small seal characters. Some of the characters have preserved the remains of the Warring States ancient prose from the structure. Each bamboo slips should be written with one content until the end of a chapter. If there is spare time, different chapters should be written again, which should be distinguished by dots or vertical lines. If there is a change of line, it must be written in the spare place near Jane. When it was unearthed, there was no rope left, the order was scattered, and there was no title. After sorting out, there are two kinds of contents: the Japanese book and the chronological documents. The former is the same as the one unearthed in Shuihudi, Yunmeng, Hubei, so it is named "Lishu". There are different lengths and different contents in the book, so it can be divided into a and B. The chronicle is a "Ye Shu" written by Feng Cheng to the censor. It tells the story of a man named Dan. It is speculated that Dan is the owner of M1 tomb, so this part of the content is named "tomb owner". The contents of these bamboo slips are very extensive. In terms of form, they are copied from the sorcery books in the hands of the Japanese occupation family at that time. However, in terms of their connotation, apart from the superstitious articles about the way of heaven and ghosts, there are more articles about personnel, including the earliest twelve equal temperament and the twelve zodiac animals, which are important documents for studying the society, ideology and culture of that time.

Paper map

A paper map was found in tomb No. 5 of Fangmatan (equivalent to the period of two Chinese characters and scenery, 179-141 BC). The paper is thin and soft. Only irregular fragments (5.6CM long and 2.6cm wide) are left after excavation. The paper surface is smooth and smooth. The mountain, river, road and other graphics are drawn with thin black and red strips, which is close to the Silk Map unearthed from Mawangdui Han tomb. The paper map of Fangmatan is the earliest known map on paper in the world, and it also provides reliable material evidence for the statement that there was paper in the Western Han Dynasty.

Wood painting

A piece of wood painting was found in tomb No. 14 of Fangmatan (equivalent to the period of two Chinese characters and scenery, 179-141 BC). On the front, it depicts the scene of a tiger struggling and roaring after being bound. It is the earliest single flower and bird painting known in China. On the back, it depicts the popular Six Bo painting of the Warring States period, which can be used for playing chess or gambling.

Historical legend

Also known as mumatan, it is located in the Xiaolongshan forest area. It is an open area in the middle of Qinling Mountains. It is named after the legend that yingfeizi, the ancestor of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, herded horses for the Zhou royal family here. Not far from the west, Yanguan Town, Lixian County, is the earliest capital of Qin Dynasty - xigouqiu. It has been a good place to raise good horses since ancient times. Up to now, there are many ancient and mysterious place names, such as ma'erjian mountain, ma'tuofeng, ma'shanliang, ma'tuofeng, Zhulu corridor and so on. Tianshui "Qinzhou Zhi" contains: "Qinzhou southeast 100 Li, sidaoling has Qin Ying Fei Zi fanxi war horse site." It is said that Daluo, the ancestor of the Qin people, and Feizi, his son, saw that it was a lush and fertile land with mountains and rivers. It was very conducive to the development of animal husbandry, so they herded horses and raised livestock here. Feizi was good at raising horses and was appreciated by King Xiao of Zhou. He inherited the "Ying" surname of Boyi, the ancestor of Shun, and was known as Qin Ying. He also granted "Qin land" as a vassal of the Zhou Dynasty and raised horses for the Zhou Dynasty. After that, it developed and expanded, and finally unified China.

archaeological discovery

On April 28, 1986, after a heavy rain, Xia Xiangqing in Fangmatan working area of Xiaolongshan Forestry Bureau was cleaning up the mud on the back wall of the staff dormitory when he suddenly found an ancient tomb cave. Xia Xiangqing reached into the tomb and found a pile of bamboo slips and several wooden maps. Later, Xia Xiangqing and others reported the discovery to the Cultural Museum of Beidao district and the Department of culture of Gansu Province. The Institute of Archaeology of Gansu Province soon sent yuebanghu and he Shuangquan to learn about the ancient tombs, and drew up a drilling and excavation plan. The three-month drilling and excavation began in June of that year. Finally, a group of ancient tombs of the Warring States period, Qin and Han Dynasties are found. The tombs are distributed in the fan-shaped grassland in front of the Qinling Mountains. There are no tombs on the surface, and they are well preserved without any sign of being stolen. After exploration, the total area of the cemetery is more than 11000 square meters. More than 100 tombs are distributed on the plain in front of the Qinling Mountains, which are arranged in the upper, middle and lower layers from east to west. The distance between the tombs is 1 meter and more than 10 meters. A total of 14 tombs have been excavated, including 13 Qin tombs and one Han tomb. More than 400 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed, mainly including wooden maps, bamboo slips, wood paintings, brushes, pen tubes, arithmetic chips, coins, pottery, lacquerware, bronze mirrors and other important cultural relics of the Warring States period.

These tombs are all located in the west of the cemetery. Due to the rich groundwater and reeds, they play a role of infiltration, so there is a lot of water in the tombs, and most of the burial objects are not well preserved.

Transportation and Tourism

In recent years, through investment promotion and other means, Fangmatan scenic area has built Shimen resort integrating leisure, entertainment and tourism. The traffic here is convenient, and Baotian Expressway shuttles through it. It has complete facilities and functions, with more than 100 high, middle and low-grade guest rooms, restaurants, multi-function halls and conference rooms, which can accommodate hundreds of people for catering, entertainment, meetings, teaching and research. The resort mainly relies on the construction of Fangmatan scenic spot in Maijishan Forest Park, taking Qin culture as the theme, integrating "religious culture", "historical culture", "natural landscape" and "humanistic landscape", so that tourists can ride horses and enjoy "Qin land" after seeing the landscape of surrounding scenic spots.

Address: yanziguan, Dangchuan Township, Maiji District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province

Longitude: 106.1069858056

Latitude: 34.4115225963

Tel: 0938-8272659

Tour time: 1-2 hours

Traffic information: Taxi arrival in the city

Ticket information: 20 yuan per person

Opening hours: all day

Chinese PinYin : Mu Ma Tan