Danzhou City

Danzhou City

Danzhou ancient city, also known as Zhonghe ancient city, is located near the West Village of Zhonghe Town, Danzhou City, Hainan Province.

Danzhou ancient city is nearly square, with a perimeter of about 1600 meters, covering an area of 175000 square meters.

There are four gates in the East, South, West and North. The moon city was built outside and trenches were opened.

Danzhou City was built in the Tang Dynasty. It was a rammed earth city wall at the beginning. In the Ming Dynasty, it was built with stone walls and rebuilt many times in the Qing Dynasty. In 1927, 1951 and 1952, part of the city wall and the East and South gates were demolished. There are 900 meters of rammed earth wall and two gates in the West and North. Dongpo well, Kuixing pagoda, taolang'an site (where Su Dongpo lived when he was demoted to Dan) and zhouya site are preserved inside and outside the ancient city. The style of the ancient city is well preserved.

Danzhou has been known as a famous town in south Guangdong since ancient times, and now it is known as a famous historical and cultural town in China. Nowadays, Danzhou City, with its overall beauty of harmonious coexistence of natural environment and human environment, radiates the charm of a civilized and cultural ancient town.

On May 25, 2006, Danzhou ancient city was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

Historical evolution

Danzhou City was built in the fifth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (622)

In order to resist foreign invaders and pirates. During the Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty, Danzhou City, as an important military town in the northwest of Hainan, once again built a foundation in Gaopo Tang City, built a large-scale reinforcement City, and once stationed in military organizations such as garrisons. In the first year of Longqing (1567) of Ming Dynasty, a new quadrangle building was built in chenzhizhou, and the city wall had a large scale. In the Qing Dynasty, it was repaired in the Kangxi, Qianlong, Daoguang and Guangxu dynasties.

In the early days of liberation, the East and South gates and walls were demolished in order to expand houses and build tianjiaotan reservoir. Up to now, only the north gate, the west gate, the moon city (urn) and a section of the wall connecting the two gates remain in the ancient city. The East Gate (Dehua gate) and the South Gate (Rouyuan gate) and part of the city wall have been destroyed. The foundation of the city still exists. The ancient stone road (Ximen section) in the root of the old city is well preserved.

Characteristics of the old city

City site layout

The old city of Danzhou has an irregular square plan. The wall is rammed with soil. The wall is 4.2-5.5 meters high and 21 meters wide. There are 200 meters of complete wall, 450 meters of remnant wall and 950 meters of foundation wall.

The layout of the city is rigorous and the defense facilities are complete. There are four gates in the East, South, West and North, on which there are enemy towers, and the moon city is built outside to enhance the defense ability of the city. Each gate was originally built with tall towers, which can not only be used as the residence of the city guards or the headquarters of the general and the shooting base of the city guards. A moat was built outside the city wall, 1728 meters in circumference, 16 meters in width and 2.6 meters in depth.

Gate structure

The four gates of Danzhou ancient city are the East Gate (Dehua gate), the west gate (Zhenhai gate), the South Gate (Rouyuan gate) and the north gate (Wuding gate). The construction structure is basically the same. There are two gates in Zhenhai and Wuding. There are urn (moon city) outside the gates of Wuding and Zhenhai. The two urn gates of Zhenhai and Wuding are semicircular in plane and open to the outside. The inner part of the urn (moon city) is rammed with red clay, and the outer part is reinforced with green stone. Among them, zhenhaimen urn (moon city) is 3.35 meters high, 2.53 meters wide and 5 meters deep. The urn door is a front and back double door structure, which is reinforced by masonry. The gate is arched, and some green bricks are carved with rolling grass patterns. Three regular script characters of "Wuding gate" are written on the forehead of Wuding gate. Wuding gate is 5.54 meters high, 21 meters deep and 3.5 meters high. Zhenhaimen is 5.2 meters high, 17 meters deep, 3.75 meters high and 3 meters wide. The gates of Dehua and Rouyuan have been destroyed and the foundation of the city still exists.

Cultural relics

Danzhou ancient city, the existing cultural relics include the ancient city gate (zhenhaimen, Wudingmen), Ningji temple, guanyue temple, yanlang nunnery, dongpojing, Kuixing tower, Fuxing street, etc.

On the ground of Wuding gate, there are stone gate piers, door blocking stones and other relics.

Value significance

Danzhou ancient city is an early and well preserved ancient city site in Hainan Province. It has not only considerable historical and scientific value, but also high artistic value.

Danzhou's ancient city has profound cultural deposits.

Su Dongpo applied culture and education in Zhonghe ancient town, which made Zhonghe ancient town become the center of accepting Central Plains culture in Hainan. Celebrities of past dynasties have left footprints in Danzhou, which makes Zhonghe ancient town contain Dongpo culture, celebrity culture and rich local characteristic culture. It is necessary for the development of tourism in the west of Hainan to protect, restore, develop and utilize the old city of Danzhou, to show its unique culture, to open up the tourism market and to develop Dongpo Academy.

protective measures

In order to rebuild the old city of Danzhou from the long history, Danzhou municipal Party committee and government have incorporated Danzhou into the whole Dongpo cultural tourism area for planning and construction. The Dongpo cultural tourism area under planning and construction is one of the 17 key development and construction tourist resorts in Hainan Province determined in the outline of Hainan international tourism island construction planning (2010-2020), which is a key project in Hainan Province And key cultural industry projects.

In December 2010, the construction of Dongpo cultural tourism area started in Zhonghe ancient town. The overall layout of Dongpo cultural tourism area is: Taking Beimen River as the axis, taking Dongpo academy and Danzhou ancient city as the core area, forming a spatial pattern of "one core", "two wings" and "one belt". The whole project is divided into three phases. The opening of special highway, Jibei road and Gucheng road and the expansion of Dongpo lake have brought new highlights and style to Dongpo cultural tourism area.

In August 2018, Danzhou City will preliminarily delimit the protection scope and construction control zone for the old city of Danzhou (city wall body, Kuixing tower, Ningji temple, guanyue temple, Ximen ancient road, taipojing, fensijing, ZhouShu site).

The protection scope of Danzhou ancient city wall body: including the existing gate wall cultural relics body and its surrounding. Liao Shaofei's homestead at the southwest corner (coordinates: 2184908.75, dimension: 326213.582) extends to the west wall of the town government (coordinates: 2185162.528, dimension: 326467.300) through zhenhaimen (West Gate) and Wudingmen (North Gate). The inner part of the city is bounded by Chaoyang Street (from tudimiao to Liaozhai at the southwest corner extends 30 meters inward according to the terrain); the outer part of the north city wall is bounded by Beimen street and Gucheng Road, and the outer part of the west city wall extends 20 to 30 meters outward along the terrain (longitude: 2185216.205, dimension: 326139.885), forming a closed area of 45534 square meters. Construction control zone: from the west wall of Zhonghe town government to the baseline of the original wall site of canghou lane, it extends 15 meters inward and takes Beimen street as the boundary, covering an area of 6951 square meters.

The protection area of Ningji temple is 753 square meters, reaching the steps of the Mountain Gate in the East, the gable of the middle hall in the west, the wall in the South and the back wall of the main hall in the north. Construction control zone: the most edge lines of the four sides of the self protection zone extend 20 meters outwards to form a closed square area with an area of 2837 square meters.

Taipo well is located in the protection area of Ningji temple, which is not separately designated.

The scope of protection of guanyue Temple: East to the east wall of the front hall of guanyue temple, West to the west wall of Zhonghe primary school, South to guanyue lane and north to Chaoyang Street, covering an area of 1359 square meters. Construction control zone: the east side extends 25 meters along the protection area to the original Zhonghe No.1 small east wall, and the west, South and north sides extend 20 meters to form a closed area, with a total area of 6612 square meters (including Kuixing tower).

Kuixing tower protection area: a 5-meter square area with the center of the tower base as the center, covering an area of 25 square meters. Construction control zone: it is located in the construction control zone of guanyue temple and shall not be divided separately.

The protection scope of Ximen ancient road: it extends to four lanes of Chaoyang Street in the East, zhenhaimen in the West and Xianlu in the north and south, with a total length of 190 meters and an area of 712 square meters. Construction control zone: it extends 5 meters outward along the protection area to form a closed area with an area of 2034 square meters. Protection scope of Fensi well: the area of Fensi well fence is 32 square meters. Construction control zone: because it is close to the protection scope of the city wall, it is unified with the protection of the city wall.

The site of the State Department has no trace, so it is divided into construction control zone. Construction control zone: East to the old turnover house of Zhonghe town in the East, West to the west wall of the town government in the west, South to the gate of the town government in the south, north to the construction control zone of the city wall, with a total area of 114300 square meters.

History and culture

Mrs. Xian moved to the city, opening a new chapter of the city

Mrs. Xian is a native of Dianbai County, Maoming City, Guangdong Province. Through the three dynasties of Liang, Chen and Sui, Mrs. Xian was famous for decades, and was called "the first heroine in Chinese history" by Premier Zhou Enlai.

According to historical records, Yazhou, established by Madam Xian in the abandoned danerdi, was the political, economic and military center of Hainan Island at that time. From then on, Gaopo (the city of Zhou) was full of literary style, celebrities and prosperous markets.

Dongpo was banished for three years, and people yearned for the city

Su Dongpo, a famous litterateur in Song Dynasty, came to the desert from thousands of miles

Chinese PinYin : Dan Zhou Gu Cheng