Zhang Yingrui family cemetery

Zhang Yingrui family cemetery

The Zhang Yingrui family cemetery is located in the village of the town of Gongguo, Wutong banner, and buried in the Yuan Dynasty, namely, the two heroes and the descendants of Zhang Yingrui. The existing "Zhang's Xianying stele" in the cemetery has 39 lines of regular script Chinese characters on the front and more than 3000 words on the back. The same content of Mongolian as Chinese is engraved on the back. It is a treasure of Mongolian Chinese stele in Yuan Dynasty. In addition, there are two stone carvings of literati, two of warrior and Kirin, three of stone tiger and four of stone sheep. In 2006, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

Geography

The Jiyang Gong Zhang Yingrui family cemetery is also called the Mongolia Wang Fu family of the Jilin Ji, the Yuan Dynasty. It is located in the foot of the 6.5 km northeast of the government town of Wutong Town, Chifeng City, Chifeng, and at the foot of the North 1.5 km of the village of Gongfu village. It was discovered in 1970 when the cultural relics census was conducted, covering an area of 150000 square meters. In May 2006, it was listed as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

The cemetery is located in the remote mountains, surrounded by mountains in the East, West and North, open hills in the south, two deep gullies in the West and two or three flood gullies in the northeast. The cemetery is high in the north and low in the south, wide in the South and narrow in the East and West.

Cultural Relic

Tombstone

The extant "tombstone of Zhang's family" and "tombstone of Zhu tongxiande" and "tombstone of gang's wife of Ji state" in the cemetery record the loyalty of Zhang Yingrui's family to the Yuan Dynasty and Hongjila tribe of Mongolia (whose residence is in the east of Inner Mongolia) from Kublai Khan to tuohuan tiemu'er of Shun emperor. The calligrapher of the inscriptions is the famous calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty, kanglihuo from the western regions. This is his most handed down regular script work. At the same time, more than 3000 Mongolian characters are engraved on the back of Zhang's tombstone, which is the translation of Chinese characters in front of the tablet. It is also the treasure of Hebi tablet with Mongolian and Chinese characters, which has the largest number of Mongolian characters in Yuan Dynasty.

The cemetery is located in the north-south direction. On the surface of the ground, there is a "stele of Zhang's first tomb", which was built in the third year of the reign of Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty (1335 AD). The stele is 5.8 meters high, 1.37 meters wide and 0.4 meters thick. The stele is of the type of turtle head stele, which is composed of the base, the body and the head of the stele. The base of the stele is made of sandstone, and its shape is simple and thick. The body of the stele is connected with the head of the stele, which is a bluish white stone land in Fangshan. According to the inscription on the side of the stele, "the inscription on Shijingshan mountain in Dushu village, Fangshan County, southwest of Dadu city" should come from Fangshan County, Beijing. Shijingshan is the place where the Scriptures were collected in the Liao and Jin Dynasties. A groove is chiseled on the base of the tortoise shell, and the body of the stone tablet is inlaid on it. At the head of Zhang Yingrui's tombstone, four strong dragons are carved, the dragon head is low on both sides of the headstone, two dragon claws hold the Pearl above the auspicious clouds, and the strong dragon body is twisted together to form a square headstone; below the dragon body is the front center of the headstone, which is prepared for the inscription of the forehead, and the front forehead is inscribed with the seal script "the imperial edict of the Yuan Dynasty granted to the old Ronglu doctor Liaoyang, etc "The monument of the first Tomb of the family". The inscription on the front of the tablet is engraved with 39 lines of regular script in Chinese, with 100 words in each line. The handwriting is clear and vigorous, which was written by Kangli. On the back of the stele, Mongolian characters (basiba) are carved, and the content is the same as that on the front of the stele. On the back of the stele, about 3000 words of Weiwuer Mongolian are engraved, with clear and complete handwriting.

Another remnant stele is inverted on the ground. On the forehead of the stele, the inscription "the stele of Tong Xiande, the minister and resident of Dayuan Tongzhi weizhengyuan" was engraved in Chinese. This tablet is also of the Guifu tablet type. It is located 14.7 meters to the north and 6.7 meters to the west of the "tablet of Zhang's first tomb". The shape of the tablet is similar to that of the front tablet. It is the inscription of the eldest son of Zhang Yingrui, the Duke of Ji state. The inscription is also written by Conrad, about 2000 words.

The other is the stele of Mrs. Zhang Yingrui's gang family, which consists of a pedestal and a body. The pedestal is rectangular. The stele is engraved with 5 lines of regular script and 8 characters, that is, "it's a gift to Liaoyang, a senior official of Ronglu, and other places. Pingzhang, the governor of Zhuguo, was granted the title of Jiguo's father-in-law, and Zhang Yingrui was granted the title of Jiguo's wife Gang's tomb." the stele has 40 characters in total. It's engraved with double hooks. The font is dignified and vigorous.

Located in the west of "zhutongxiande stele" and the east of the impact gully, there is an existing Guifu stele seat, which faces the West and the East, but the body of the stele does not exist.

Sculpture

On the Shinto road in front of the steles, there are two stone sculptures for civil servants, two stone sculptures for warriors, two stone tigers, two stone Qilin and four stone sheep in the north-south direction. The smooth lines and delicate patterns of the stone carvings reflect the superb level of sculpture in the Yuan Dynasty. Guogongshan and Xishantou in the north of the cemetery, and the foundation remains of the original cemetery wall in the east slope, can be determined that the cemetery area is 500 meters from east to west, 300 meters from north to south, covering an area of 150000 square meters.

value

Although most of the tombs in the cemetery have been stolen, we think they are a small stone Museum of Yuan Dynasty. Kanglihe is a famous calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty. The existing kaishu inscriptions in the tombs of Zhang's family are the only authentic works of kanglihe in China. They are precious historical relics reflecting the style of his calligraphy. They are rare cultural treasures of the northern minorities and treasures of Chinese calligraphy. The contents of the inscriptions are helpful to the study of the lineage of the Zhang family and their status and role in the ruling class from the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty to Emperor Shun, and to explore the internal affairs of the Yuan Dynasty and the little-known historical records of Hongjila tribe. In 1976, it was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level by the Revolutionary Committee of Zhaowuda League. In May 1996, it was announced by the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a key cultural relics protection unit at the autonomous region level.

relevant

Zhang Yingrui was the accompanying Minister of King Wu loyal to Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. His family came from the Han nationality in Qinghe County, Hebei Province. They came to the grassland and devoted themselves to the development of Hongjila tribe of Mongolia. They were welcomed and valued by the Mongolian regime, and finally their descendants were integrated into the Mongolian nation. In memory of them, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty issued an imperial edict to gather all the literary talents of the whole country to set up steles and biographies for them. For their meritorious service, he was granted the title of Zhongfeng doctor, Ronglu doctor and Lu Wangfu. After his death, he was granted the title of Ji Guogong. The stele was set up in the third year of Yuantong of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty (1335 A.D.). This is a matter worthy of attention in the history of China's ancient ethnic relations. The friendly blend of Han and Mongolian has a long history. "Zhang's tomb stele" is the historical witness of this kind of friendly blend.

The cemetery was destroyed in the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. Only the tombstone of Zhang Yingrui has been completely preserved and still stands in the mountains.

Address: Wutong banner, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.

Longitude: 119.02069401135

Latitude: 42.749340755808

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Ying Rui Jia Zu Mu Di