Martyr's temple in Taiwan

Built in 1969, Taipei's Yuanshan national revolutionary martyrs' Shrine covers a wide area, with its back against the Castle Peak and facing the Keelung River. The main building looks like the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing. The memorial hall is dedicated to the martyrs from the revolutionary martyrs before the founding of the Republic of China to the 330000 martyrs who died in the Anti Japanese War and the Kuomintang Communist war. On the four walls of the hall are the pictures and deeds of the martyrs.

Martyr's temple in Taiwan

The martyr's Shrine in Taiwan is a place for the administrative authorities in Taiwan to commemorate the soldiers and officers who died in the war. The Zhonglie temple in Yuanshan Park was originally a shrine site during the Japanese occupation period, with an area of about 12 Ping. They are dedicated to Anti Japanese martyrs and soldiers killed in the 823 artillery battle.

Historical evolution

During the Qing Dynasty in Taiwan, some buildings such as "Zhaozhong Temple" were built to honor the people who died in various incidents. According to the literature, in the second year of Daoguang, in order to sacrifice the soldiers, righteous people and even women who died in the rebellion of Lin shuangwen, Wu Xingcheng, the then magistrate, donated money to establish "Zhongzhong Temple" in daximen street, Changhua County, Taiwan ”This is the first temple in Taiwan to appear under the name of "martyr's temple".

In the early years of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, some provinces were ordered to set up Zhongyi temple and other temples. Those who had been honored were set up in the temple to offer sacrifices in spring and autumn.

In 1776 (the 41st year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong), it was determined that all the ministers who died in the Ming Dynasty could be allowed to worship Zhaozhong temple as long as they were the Jingjie people who were invited to be posthumous.

By the year 1824 (Jiaqing 7 years), the provincial cities (including Taiwan province) had been ordered to build the hall of Zhao Zhong, or to worship the Kuan emperor and Town God's Temple. All the officers and soldiers or civil servants who were killed in public service could be enshrined in their homes.

For example, officials of eight banners and above who have been worshipped in Beijing ancestral temple may still be worshipped in the ancestral temple where they died, with 50 people in a niche, in the middle of the temple, and one hundred or dozens of non commissioned officers and soldiers, on both sides of the temple.

Every year in spring and autumn, there are two memorial ceremonies. The relevant units come to worship in person and offer the gift of shaolao food. Fruit, incense, silk recommendation and three offerings are as good as ceremony.

During the period of Japanese occupation, most of these temples were destroyed over time. However, in 1939 (14 years of Showa), when the Japanese mainland memorial service was renamed "the shrine of protecting the country", its purpose was not only to "protect the spirit of the country", but also to emphasize the existence of the intention of sacrificing for the emperor and the Japanese nation, which was quite similar to the intention of building the Zhaozhong temple.

In March 1912, the Nanjing Provisional Government set up the provisional Jixun Bureau, which is the earliest special organization for the government to praise and commemorate the martyrs who have contributed to the country.

Before the Anti Japanese war against Japan, the national government planned to set up Memorial temples to honor the martyrs.

On July 11, 1931 (before the September 18 Incident), the national government promulgated the "commendation regulations", which was the first basic regulations formulated by the government at that time on the commendation business of "excellent morality" and "enthusiastic public welfare".

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, a large-scale nationwide census was carried out immediately. The provincial, municipal and county governments were ordered to investigate the deeds of the martyrs who took part in the war, and the current situation of the martyrs' temples and the list of martyrs' deeds were listed.

On September 13, 1933, the Ministry of the interior of the national government promulgated the "measures for martyrs to attach ancestral halls", which has a direct relationship with the commemoration of martyrs.

In May 1936, the Military Commission of the national government announced the whole case of the special measures for the continuation of the dead, disabled and injured revolutionary soldiers in previous battles, which formally put forward the measures for the establishment of martyrs' temples in various counties, which was specially responsible for praising the merits of the dead soldiers.

In 1940, under the instruction of Jiang Zhongzheng, the Executive Yuan promulgated the outline of the measures for the sacrifice of martyrs and the establishment of memorial tablets and the measures for the establishment and preservation of martyrs' temples on September 20.

The objects of worship include the martyrs who fought against the enemy, such as the Northern Expedition and the anti Communist Party, since the revolution of 1911.

On November 16, 1945, the Executive Yuan ordered the governments of provinces, cities and counties to set up martyrs' temples to investigate the names and deeds of martyrs.

Since 1946, martyr's temples have been set up in all counties and cities in Taiwan. Among them, the martyr's temple in Hsinchu County at that time was the earliest, mainly dedicated to Zheng Chenggong, Liu Yongfu, Qiu Fengjia, and 70 Taiwan Anti Japanese patriots. Among them, the personnel involved are more complex. Besides the victims of various armed Anti Japanese incidents, there are also the representatives of Taiwan farmers' groups, Taiwan Cultural Association, Taiwan Black Youth League and Shanghai Taiwan Youth League Among them, the leftists were later removed from the ceremony (such as Wang Minchuan). After the national government moved to Taiwan, the worshippers were mainly soldiers who died in the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

After Japan broke off diplomatic relations with the Taiwan administrative authorities in 1972, the "Ministry of the interior" formulated a new decree to "clear away the key points of the memorial ruins of the Japanese imperialist rule in the era of Japanese occupation in Taiwan"; among them, the first point of the key points is: the ruins of the Japanese shrine should be completely removed immediately.

In the Japanese era, nearly 200 large and small shrines were built in Taiwan. Most of them could not escape demolition or reconstruction. A small number of shrines were converted into martyrs' temples, which separated the shrines from martyrs' temples. The temples, monuments, decorations in public buildings and other symbols of Japanese consciousness in the shrines were removed and turned into the symbol of the national government, leaving only the "martyrs' temples in Taoyuan" as the protection In 1994, it was designated as the third level historic site in Taiwan and Fujian by the Ministry of the interior.

In 1949, Taiwan's national protection shrine was transformed into Yuanshan martyr's temple, which directly replaced the capital martyr's temple. It became the highest place in Taiwan to worship national martyrs, and also the representative place for international people to pay homage to martyrs when they visit Taiwan.

In 1967, a budget was made for the reconstruction, which was completed on March 24, 1969, and the name was changed to "national revolutionary martyrs Temple".

In 1978, Taiwan's Defense Department announced the "National Revolutionary Martyrs Shrine into the worship method.".

Besides the martyrs of various uprisings of the national revolution, they also included those who died or died in various battles, such as fighting for yuan, protecting the law, the eastern expedition, the northern expedition, suppressing bandits, fighting for rebellion, anti Japanese War, and reconnaissance. In the same year, Jiang Zhongzheng also instructed that the Anti Japanese martyrs during the Japanese occupation period should be included, including Jian Dashi, Ke tie, Luo Fuxing, monarudao, granite Ichiro, Yu Qingfang, Luo Jun, Wu tangxing, Jiang Shaozu, Xu Yi and Lin Kungang.

In the 1990s, after the lifting of martial law and the termination of mobilization for the suppression of the insurgency in Taiwan, the original situation on both sides of the Taiwan Strait has changed. It is no longer positioned as a state of civil war. The atmosphere of the times that originally showed sacrifice for the country has changed. The location of the martyrs' shrine is gradually transformed.

In 1997, when the murder of Bai Xiaoyan occurred, some policemen died in order to round up the suspect. In order to boost the morale of the police and commend the policemen who died, the police administration department of the Ministry of the interior signed and asked the Ministry of the interior to amend the measures for the sacrifice of martyrs. In the revised provisions issued on April 8 of the next year, the objects of the sacrifice of martyrs were officially extended to the policemen, fire fighters and civilians And so on.

As for those who died in performing related official duties, they were also included in the list of candidates for sacrifice, such as teacher Lin Jingjuan, who died in the fire accident of a tour bus in a private health kindergarten in Taipei, police officer Cao Limin, who was responsible for investigating the death of Bai Xiaoyan, resident Lin Yongxiang of Changgeng hospital in Kaohsiung, chief nurse Chen Jingqiu of Heping hospital in Taipei, nurse Lin Jialing, and Doctor Li As a result, Cai Qiaoqiao, a prosecutor, Chen lvliyu, a worker, Yang Shuluo, Hu Guifang, a nurse in Renji Hospital, and Guo Guozhan, a fire station substitute, were all offered sacrifices.

Architectural form

In the early days, many martyr temples in Taiwan still retained most of the original appearance of Japanese shrines. In the mid 1960s, the Chinese mainland started a cultural revolution and eradicated old culture. The Taiwan authorities launched the Chinese cultural renaissance movement in Taiwan. After the promulgation of the outline of the Chinese cultural renaissance movement in 1966, Chinese classical new buildings rose again, and the martyr's temples and Confucius temples were the representatives of the buildings in this period.

In 1972, Japan broke off diplomatic relations with the administrative authorities in Taiwan. The Ministry of interior, the administrative body in Taiwan, promulgated the "key points for clearing the memorial relics of colonial rule which showed the superiority of Japanese imperialism in the Japanese occupation era". For a while, the government organs at all levels in Taiwan made greater efforts to eliminate the residual buildings and symbols during the Japanese occupation period, polished off the Japanese Emperor's name and related emblems, and changed them into the Republic of China Year, national emblem, etc. Many martyrs' ancestral halls were rebuilt one after another. They were built in the form of reinforced concrete, imitating the palaces in northern China, and covered with blue or yellow glazed tiles.

Generally speaking, the buildings of martyrs' ancestral hall include archway, Mountain Gate, front hall, main hall, monument, revolutionary martyrs' historical relics museum, martyrs' cultural relics exhibition room and other main buildings, as well as pavilions, gardens and other landscaping. Most of them are Chinese palaces, and the inscriptions of the shrine period are removed, and then the patterns symbolizing Taiwan's culture (such as plum blossom and national emblem) are engraved to show the transfer of power. But there are still some remains of some buildings, such as hound, stone lantern, bird house, hand water house and social office.

Follow the law

In 1931, the national government promulgated the "commendation regulations" and in 1940 formulated the "outline of measures for resisting the enemy martyrs and establishing memorial tablets". After the amendment of the law in 1998, the meaning was added

Chinese PinYin : Tai Wan Zhong Lie Ci