Wulihe

Wulie River, a tributary of Luanhe River, was called wulieshui in ancient times. The river passes through the city, bringing a little freshness to the summer resort.

Wulihe

Wulie River, a tributary of Luanhe River, was called wulieshui in ancient times, and Rehe was called Rehe in Rehe annals. Originating from Weichang County Road Zhigou in the south of qilaotushan branch of Yanshan Mountains, it joins Luanhe River in hailishen village, dashimiao Town, Chengde city. The basin is located on the left bank of the middle reaches of Luanhe River. The geographical coordinates are 117 ° 42 '- 118 ° 26' e and 40 ° 53 '- 41 ° 42' n. The river is 114 km long, with a total drainage area of 2580 square kilometers and an average slope of 10.8 ‟. The basin covers Weichang, Longhua and Chengde counties and Shuangqiao District of Chengde city.

General situation of main stream

According to the records of Rehe, there are three sources of Rehe, which are yingwuchuan in the west, Maogou in the middle and Tougou in the East. Parrot Sichuan is the longest, generally as the source.

Yingwuchuan, also known as guduerhu River and duer River, flows from daozhigou in the northeast of kalenpanjiadian village, Lanqi County in the southeast of Weichang County. It flows from fengjiadian county to Longhua County in the south. It passes through wasteland, zhangjiying and Zhongguan townships and shaoguoying in Zhongguan township. Maogouchuan flows from the northeast to the left bank, and then flows southeast to toukuai in Chengde County. Tougouchuan still flows from the northeast After that, it was called WuLie river.

Yingwuchuan flows out from the source, and there are many mountain streams along the way. It turns to the south at luanjiwanzi. The width of the river valley gradually expands from 100m to 0.5km. The water surface is 15m wide and 0.3-0.4m deep. The gravel riverbed turns to the southwest at the end of the wasteland. The width of the river valley is about 0.5-1.2km and the width of the river is about 10km Below yaojiying, it flows through Intermountain basins and canyons, turns southeast, and joins maogouchuan in shaoguoying. The main channel of yingwuchuan is 70 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 765 square kilometers. Its larger tributary is shidongzichuan, also known as Xinglong River, with a length of 19 kilometers and a drainage area of 241 square kilometers.

WuLie river meanders southward, the relative height of both banks decreases, the valley widens, the widest reaches 3.5km, the width of the river is between 35m and 50m, the water depth reaches 0.7m, the gravel riverbed, the longitudinal slope of the riverbed is large, the flow rate is 0.7m/s in dry season, there are many bifurcations, the sandbanks are continuous, the flow direction is westward to sandaohezi, and the width of the riverbed is about 0.5m From the old Xiying in Chengde County to Chengde City, it is located in the valley with a distance of 2 km.

Wulie River continues southward and flows through Nana hot spring water in Chengde city. The width of the river is 150-500m, with sandy pebble bed and developed platform. It flows into Luanhe River at hailshenshen village in the southeast of Chengde city.

Main tributaries

Maogouchuan originates from the eastern foot of Aobao, Maojingba Township, Longhua County. Its source flows to the southeast first and turns to the southwest at Xiaogushan. The valley is 200-300 meters wide, the river is 4 meters wide, and the water depth is about 0.5 meters. It has gravel riverbed and huixigou, which is called ximaogou. The valley gradually spread, and the width of the valley was 1 km. It flowed to the mouth of the river, and there was dongmaogou confluence. Since then, it was called maogouchuan. Through the gorge area, the river is zigzag, with continuous low mountains on both sides. The relative elevation difference is 100-200m. The soil is loose and there is little vegetation, which often causes soil erosion. The river valley is 1km wide, 10-20m wide and 1.5m deep. The riverbed is gravelly. The main channel of maogouchuan is 63 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 630 square kilometers.

Tougouchuan, also known as Yudai River and Saiyin River in ancient times, originated from the southern foot of Qilaotu mountain, sandaogoumen Township, Chengde County. There are two branches in Shangyuan, the valley is 0.3-0.5 km wide, the valley is about 1 km wide below toudao River, and the river at the confluence with yingwuchuan is about 100 meters wide with many branches. The main channel of tougouchuan is 55 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 727 square kilometers.

hydrographic features

According to statistics, the annual average suspended sediment discharge of WuLie river is 1.61 million tons, 84% of which is concentrated in July and August. The average annual precipitation is 562.2 mm, with great interannual variation. Most of the rainfall is concentrated from June to September, accounting for 70% - 80% of the annual rainfall. In July and August, local rainstorms with short duration, high intensity and small covering surface often occur. From 1956 to 2004, the measured annual average runoff was 217.24 million cubic meters, which showed a downward trend after the 1970s.

The average annual surface water resources of the whole basin are 266 million cubic meters, and the groundwater resources are 102.36 million cubic meters. There is a saying of "nine droughts in ten years" in the basin. Drought is the main cause of agricultural output reduction. In 1965, 1972, 1980 and 1984, serious early summer drought and even summer drought occurred, which caused a significant reduction in agricultural output.

Local rainstorm often occurs in the basin, which has the characteristics of short duration, high intensity, high flood peak and rapid flow, causing great damage to the ecological environment. According to the historical flood survey, there have been nine major floods in the basin in the past 200 years, of which the peak discharge in 1938 was 4500 cubic meters per second, the largest flood in the basin since 1736. As a result, the flood overtopped the dam, the urban area was vast, the railway was washed away, and the highway and railway bridges were destroyed. In 1994, the flood peak flow was only 1420 cubic meters per second. However, due to the rapid development of the flood, many dykes in the urban area were out of danger and partially collapsed, the piers of Chengde highway bridge were destroyed, the bridge deck was broken, the communication was interrupted, and the losses were very serious.

Governance and development

It is recorded in the annotation to the water classic: Rushui: "it flows southeast to Wuli River, which is called Wuli River. Southeast calendar stone stand down, stand on the mountains, solitary Mountain Cloud lift, facing the precipitous cliff, can be more than 100 high. The shepherds, who are appointed to practice, bend and stretch their bows and arrows, are incapable of holding the title Shiting, now known as Bangchui peak, is similar to the description at that time.

From 1703 to 1790, Chengde Mountain resort was built. At the same time, in order to protect the villa from the attack of Wulie River, a 3.79km clear dam has been built along the right bank of the river on the east side of the villa, which is divided into outer dam and inner dam. The outer dam is the flood prevention dam of WuLie river. "Chengde Fu Zhi" records: this dam "stone seven layers, wide about Zhang Xu.". The inner dam, also known as Yingda dam, is connected with the outer dam. The structures of the outer dam and the inner dam are basically the same. The stone bars used are 1.35 meters long, 0.5 meters wide and 0.48 meters high. The outer stone bars of the dam are connected with silver ingots. After years of maintenance and reinforcement, the dam is still perfect and spectacular, and it is also the flood control security guarantee for the summer resort and Chengde city.

Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, no irrigation project was built in Wulie River Basin. In the 1960s and 1970s, a number of small water conservancy projects, such as small reservoirs and pumping points, were built to develop fruit tree irrigation. There are 7 small reservoirs in the upper reaches of Wulie River, including Erdaowan reservoir, with a total storage capacity of 8.09 million cubic meters.

In addition, many small-scale water storage and diversion projects have been built, including reservoirs, diversion channels, pumping and irrigation facilities, subsurface flow interception facilities, electromechanical wells, etc. The actual irrigation area of farmland is 5527 hectares, and the irrigation area of fruit trees is 2186 hectares. Agricultural irrigation and rural domestic water consumption reached 83.12 million cubic meters.

In order to improve the ecological environment and develop tourism, five rubber dams were built on the main stream of Wulie River in Chengde City from 1988 to 2004, forming a spectacular continuous water surface with a width of 200 meters and a length of 5100 meters.

Wudaoba has a total storage capacity of 7.23 million cubic meters and a water surface area of 820000 square meters. Rubber dam has played a significant role in water supply, beautification of city appearance and expansion of urban water supply. There are swimming pools and boats in the water area. By the end of 2005, the sixth rubber dam had been built.

Overview of River Basin

The terrain of WuLie river basin is high in the north and low in the south, and the whole basin belongs to earth rock mountainous area. Surrounded by mountains, crisscross gullies, high mountains and steep slopes, complex terrain. The basin is located in the transition zone between warm temperate zone and cold temperate zone, which belongs to continental Yanshan mountain climate. It is affected by Siberian cold air mass and subtropical Pacific Air Mass throughout the year, and has four distinct seasons. The weather is dry and rainy in spring, high temperature and Thunderstorm in summer, clear air in autumn, warm day and cool night, cold and dry in winter and less snow. The annual average temperature is 8.0 ° C, the annual frost free period is 110-170 days, and the longest freezing period is 89 days. In most areas of the basin, the vegetation coverage rate is 42%, the upper reaches is better than the lower reaches, the high altitude is better than the low altitude, and the shady slope is better than the sunny slope.

Valley Culture

There are many hot springs in Tougou area, commonly known as Tougou Tangquan, which was called Tangshan in Qing Dynasty. In 1712-1717, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty went to Tangquan of Tougou five times and ordered "to build a few temples for the summer, and build a temple for the Dragon King". According to the measurement, the water yield of the hot spring is 5 cubic meters per hour, the spring temperature is 40.8 ° C, and the water contains potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine and other chemical elements and trace acids. Drinking inside and bathing outside can cure many diseases. Chengde County hot spring sanatorium. In 1992, it was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Hebei Province. According to the records of Rehe, "the three sources are united to the West

Chinese PinYin : Wu Lie He